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Introducción: Es necesario contar con instrumentos válidos y confiables para identificar los factores que influyen en la adherencia al tratamiento en personas con factores de riesgo cardiovascular. En Colombia, Bonilla y Gutiérrez diseñaron un instrumento que cuenta con validez facial y de contenido. Sin embargo, no se ha demostrado la validez de constructo. Objetivo: Determinar la validez de constructo y confiabilidad del instrumento, factores que influyen en la adherencia al tratamiento farmacológico y no farmacológico en personas con factores de riesgo cardiovascular. Metodología: Investigación metodológica. Participaron 694 personas con factores de riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular residentes en tres ciudades de Colombia (Neiva, Espinal y Tunja). Se realizó un análisis factorial exploratorio (extracción de componentes principales y rotación Varimax), análisis factorial confirmatorio (estimación de máxima verosimilitud) y una prueba de confiabilidad global y por dimensiones (alfa de Cronbach y Test-retest). Resultados: El análisis factorial exploratorio reportó un instrumento de 30 ítems con estructura de 4 factores (varianza total acumulada de 42,6 %). Los índices de ajuste del modelo propuesto indicaron ajuste absoluto excelente y ajuste incremental aceptable. El alfa de Cronbach global fue 0,86, lo que indica alta confiabilidad. Discusión: El estudio proporciona evidencia de un instrumento más robusto que otras versiones. Los instrumentos estandarizados para medir factores que influyen en la adherencia pueden ser muy útiles para la investigación y la práctica si cumplen con pruebas psicométricas de fiabilidad y validez. Conclusión: Se pone a disposición de los investigadores y del personal de salud un instrumento válido y confiable. Se recomienda su uso en poblaciones similares a la de este estudio.
Introduction: It is necessary to have valid and reliable instruments to identify the factors that influence adherence to treatment in people with cardiovascular risk factors. In Colombia, Bonilla y Gutierrez designed an instrument that has face and content validity. However, construct validity has not been demonstrated. Objective: To determine the construct validity and reliability of the instrument, factors that influence adherence to pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment in people with cardiovascular risk factors. Methodology: Methodological research. A total of 694 people with risk factors for cardiovascular disease residing in three Colombian cities (Neiva, Espinal and Tunja) participated. Exploratory factor analysis (extraction of principal components and Varimax rotation), confirmatory factor analysis (maximum likelihood estimation) and global and dimensional reliability test (Cronbach's alpha and Test-retest) were performed. Results: The exploratory factor analysis reported a 30-item instrument with a 4-factor structure (total cumulative variance of 42.6%). The fit indices of the proposed model indicated excellent absolute fit and acceptable incremental fit. The overall Cronbach's alpha was 0.86, indicating high reliability. Discussion: The study provides evidence of a more robust instrument than other versions. Standardized instruments to measure factors that influence adherence can be very useful for research and practice if they meet psychometric tests of reliability and validity. Conclusion: A valid and reliable instrument is made available to researchers and health personnel. Its use is recommended in populations similar to that of this study.
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Background: The prevalence of polypharmacy is rising and is particularly relevant to cardiovascular diseases. Assessing the extent of polypharmacy and potential drug-drug interactions (pDDIs) is an essential first step in improving safe and rational use of drugs. Aims and Objective: This study aims to study the frequency of polypharmacy and pDDI in adult outpatients receiving cardiovascular drugs. Materials and Methods: Prescriptions of all adult outpatients receiving at least one cardiovascular drug were considered for the study. A total of 2027 prescriptions were analyzed for estimating rate of polypharmacy. Out of these, 335 randomly selected prescriptions were analyzed with the help of an online drug interaction checker software for estimating rate of pDDIs, commonly involved drug pairs and severity of pDDI. Results: The rate of polypharmacy in cardiac outpatients was 56.93% and that of pDDI was 78.81%. The commonly involved drugs in interactions were amlodipine, atenolol, calcium carbonate, atorvastatin, metformin, furosemide, and aspirin. One-third of pDDIs were categorized to be of minor severity while half of the pDDIs belonged to monitor closely category. Conclusion: Polypharmacy and pDDI are common in cardiac outpatients.
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SUMMARY OBJECTIVES: Cardiovascular diseases are also considered to increase the risk of death in COVID-19 patients. However, real-world data concerning the risk factors for death in patients with severe COVID-19 still remain vague. This study aimed to identify the potential risk factors associated with mortality in severe COVID-19 patients. METHODS: All consecutive patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of our institute for COVID-19 for severe COVID-19 pneumonia from April 1, 2020 to July 20, 2020 were included in the analysis. Patient characteristics, including complete medical history and comorbid diseases, blood test results during admission and on day 7, and clinical characteristics were compared between survivors and nonsurvivors. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between survivors and nonsurvivors regarding age, gender, and preexisting cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, the rate of the medications including angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and angiotensin receptor blockers did not differ between survivors and nonsurvivors. The peak C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin, fibrinogen, and d-dimer levels and the rate for chronic renal failure were significantly higher in nonsurvivors compared with survivors. Intubated patients had a higher risk of death than the others had. CONCLUSIONS: This study failed to demonstrate a significant difference in preexisting cardiovascular diseases and cardiovascular medications between survivors and nonsurvivors who were admitted to ICU for severe COVID-19. Our findings indicate that the presence of chronic renal failure, a high peak ferritin concentration, and the need for invasive mechanical ventilation appear predictive for mortality. We propose that these risk factors should be taken into account in defining the risk status of severe COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU.
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Humans , Cardiovascular Agents , COVID-19 , Risk Factors , SARS-CoV-2 , Intensive Care UnitsABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective to analyze the implementation of training on good practices for administering vasoactive amines when facing undesirable clinical events in patients of a cardiointensive unit. Method this is a quasi-experimental study (before and after), carried out in three stages at a university hospital located in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. An observation was performed in the first stage about the team's adherence to good practices in administering vasoactive amines. Training was conducted with the nursing team in the second stage to implement the actions, and adherence to good practices in administering vasoactive amines was evaluated in the third stage. Data collection was performed from October 2019 to July 2021. The McNemar test and the Wilcoxon non-parametric test were used to compare the differences in the pre- and post-intervention groups. Results a total of 280 patients were infused with vasoactive amines, 97 in the first stage (pre-intervention) and 183 after the intervention. The variables related to the administration in an exclusive way and the identification of the infusion pump obtained 100% assertiveness. A total of 37 (13.2%) undesirable clinical events related to the use of vasoactive amines were identified, 27 (27.8%) in the control group (pre-intervention) and 10 (5.5%) after the intervention, evidencing a significant reduction (p-value = 0.0001). Conclusion the implementation of the intervention significantly contributed to reducing the occurrence of undesirable clinical events related to administering vasoactive amines, contributing to safer drug therapy.
RESUMEN Objetivo analizar la implementación de capacitaciones sobre buenas prácticas para la administración de aminas vasoactivas ante la ocurrencia de eventos clínicos indeseables en pacientes de una unidad cardiointensiva. Método se trata de un estudio cuasi-experimental (antes y después), realizado en tres etapas en un hospital universitario ubicado en Río de Janeiro, Brasil. En la primera etapa, se realizó una observación sobre la adherencia del equipo a las buenas prácticas en la administración de aminas vasoactivas. En la segunda etapa, se realizó capacitación con el equipo de enfermería para la implementación de las acciones y, en la tercera etapa, se evaluó la adherencia a las buenas prácticas en la administración de aminas vasoactivas. La recolección de datos fue de octubre de 2019 a julio de 2021. Para comparar las diferencias en los grupos pre y post intervención se utilizó la prueba de McNemar y la prueba no paramétrica de Wilcoxon. Resultados 280 pacientes fueron infundidos con aminas vasoactivas, 97 en la primera etapa (preintervención) y 183 después de la intervención. Las variables relacionadas con la administración de forma exclusiva y la identificación de la bomba de infusión obtuvieron 100% de asertividad. Se identificaron un total de 37 (13,2%) eventos clínicos indeseables relacionados con el uso de aminas vasoactivas, 27 (27,8%) en el grupo control (preintervención) y 10 (5,5%) después de la intervención, evidenciándose una reducción significativa (valor p = 0,0001). Conclusión la implementación de la intervención contribuyó significativamente para la reducción de la ocurrencia de eventos clínicos indeseables relacionados con la administración de aminas vasoactivas, contribuyendo para una terapia farmacológica más segura.
RESUMO Objetivo analisar a implementação de um treinamento sobre boas práticas para administração de aminas vasoativas frente à ocorrência de eventos clínicos indesejáveis em pacientes de uma unidade cardiointensiva. Método trata-se de um estudo quase-experimental (antes e depois), realizado em três etapas em um hospital universitário localizado no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Na primeira etapa, fez-se uma observação sobre adesão da equipe às boas práticas na administração de aminas vasoativas. Na segunda etapa, realizou-se um treinamento com a equipe de enfermagem para implementação das ações e, na terceira etapa, avaliou-se a adesão às boas práticas na administração de aminas vasoativas. A coleta de dados foi de outubro de 2019 a julho de 2021. Para comparar as diferenças nos grupos pré e pós-intervenção, utilizou-se o teste de McNemar e o teste não paramétrico de Wilcoxon. Resultados observaram-se 280 pacientes em infusão de aminas vasoativas, sendo 97 na primeira etapa (pré-intervenção) e 183 após a intervenção. As variáveis relacionadas à administração em via exclusiva e a identificação da bomba infusora obtiveram 100% de assertividade. Identificaram-se ao todo 37 (13,2%) eventos clínicos indesejáveis relacionados ao uso das aminas vasoativas, sendo 27 (27,8%) no grupo controle (pré- intervenção) e 10 (5,5%) após a intervenção, evidenciando uma redução significativa (p valor =0,0001). Conclusão a implementação da intervenção corroborou de forma significativa para redução da ocorrência de eventos clínicos indesejáveis relacionados à administração de aminas vasoativas, contribuindo para uma terapia medicamentosa mais segura.
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Objective:Aim of this study is to assess the drug utilization pattern of cardiovascular drugs in cardiology outpatient department (OPD). Methodology:This prospective, multicenter, cross-sectional observational study was conducted at three selected tertiary care hospitals from different regions in South India. A total of 1026 prescriptions of the patients attending cardiology OPD of these selected hospitals 342 each over a period of 12 months was randomly identified and included in this study then critically analysed for WHO/INRUD core prescribing indicators. Results:Medicines prescribed from NLEM were 89.27%, average drugs prescribed was 5, medicinesprescribed by its generic name were 2.33% and encounters with an injection prescribed were 14.52%. Commonly prescribed different class of drugs for CVDs patients were Anti-platelets (67.73%) followed by Statins (62.57%), Beta blockers (49.51%), ACE-inhibitors (40.93%), Angiotensin receptor blockers (30.40%), Calcium channel blockers (30.11%), Nitrates (25.34%), Diuretics (20.56%), Anticoagulants (20.27%), Vasodilators (9.94%) rest of the cardiovascular drugs were prescribed within 0.5-5% only, other class of drugs also prescribed for patients with different comorbidities are Anti-ulcers (69.10%), Opioid analgesics (4.09%), Antacids (3.80%), Anti-emetics and Pro-kinetics (1.85%), a pattern of poly-pharmacy was clearly evident, majority of drugs were prescribed as single drug (86.78%) whereas 13.21% as FDCs. The most commonly prescribed single drug was Aspirin (59.93%) and FDCs were Aspirin + Clopidogrel (40.24%). Anti-thrombotic agents’ particularly antiplatelet drugs expected to overtake anti-cholesterol drugs as the sales leader in the market. Maximum drugs were prescribed from the recent NLEM of India by most of practitioners its shows its acceptance and implementation by the prescribers.Conclusion: Deprescribing PPIs for the non-required patients is suggested to lower the risk of adverse drug interactions and economic burden to patients, also pharmacists needs to encourage the prescriptions with drugs in generic name if it’s deviated from the standards recommended by WHO/INRUD
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Background: Study of prescription patterns is an important to determine rationality of drug therapy and to maximize the utilization of resources. Objective: This prospective, multicenter, cross-sectional observational study was conducted at three selected tertiary care hospitals in South India to assess the drug utilization pattern (DUP) of cardiovascular drugs in outpatient department (OPD). Materials and Methods: A total of 1026 prescriptions of the patients attending cardiology OPD over a period of 1 year were randomly identified then critically analyzed for World Health Organization (WHO) core prescribing indicators. Results: The average number of drugs prescribed was five and medicines prescribed by its generic name were 2.33%, encounters with an injection prescribed (14.52%), medicines prescribed from National List of Essential Medicine (NLEM) were 89.27%, apart from above some other class of drugs also prescribed for patients with different comorbidities. Majority of drugs were prescribed as single drugs (86.78%) whereas 13.21% as fixed-dose combinations (FDCs). The most commonly prescribed single drug was aspirin (59.93%) and FDC were Aspirin + Clopidogrel (40.24%). Most of drugs were prescribed from the recent NLEM of India which indicates the implementation and adoption of national drug policy by the hospitals and cardiologists. Conclusion: Antiplatelets dominated the prescribing pattern in the cardiology OPD and expected to overtake anti-cholesterol agents as the sales leader. Updated knowledge about the banned drugs, irrational FDCs, deleted drugs, and recent NLEM are very important to both practitioners and pharmacists, also pharmacists have to encourage the prescribers to prescribe the cardiovascular drugs by its generic name.
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Background: Cardiovascular disease is one of the major causes of mortality and morbidity in a developing country like India. These patient’s prescription contains multiple drugs to reduce the mortality and morbidity and they also contain drugs for treatment of co morbidities leading to polypharmacy. The main objective of the study was to identify the pattern of drug- drug interaction (DDI) in patients on cardiovascular drugs with various co existing morbidities.Methods: This study was conducted in the Department of General Medicine of a tertiary care center. Prescription of 200 patients were analysed for demographic details like gender, age, comorbidities and drugs prescribed. DDI were assessed using Micromedex software.Results: In this study, conducted on the prescription of 200 elderly patients, 13 (66%) prescription had 408 DDI, of which 158 (39%) were major, 246 (60%) were moderate and 1 (0.02%) was contraindicated and 3 (0.007%) were minor.Conclusions: It can be concluded from the present study that the risk of DDI increases with the increase in number of drugs in the prescription and there is increase in number of drugs in the prescription with the increase in number of co morbidities. The antiplatelet and anticoagulant group of drugs were responsible for majority of DDI, followed by antihypertensives and hypoglycaemic agents. Most of these DDI could be avoided with slight modification in the dosage regimen based on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the drug.
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Rhodiolae Crenulatae Radix et Rhizoma is a precious traditional Chinese medicine and has extensive pharmacological effects, such as anti-hypoxic, anti-fatigue, anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, lowing blood sugar, heart and brain protection. It has been applied to the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, nervous diseases, respiratory diseases, endocrine diseases, fracture problems, emotional stress, and skin diseases. The present review summarized the literature about its clinical use, which would provide a reference for further utilization.
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Background: Cardiovascular disease is very prevalent in India. So, use of cardiovascular drugs is also more. So, it is very important to keep watch on adverse drug reactions. Aim of this study was to assess the pattern of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) reported with cardiovascular drugs in a tertiary care institute.Methods: The study was carried out in medicine department of a tertiary care hospital over a period of one year. Each ADR was analysed for demographic data, causality, relationship between frequency of ADRs and the number of drugs used etc. In statistical analysis Microsoft excel 2013, SPSS software was used.Results: A total of 136 patients, 58 (43%) men and 78 (57%) women, using cardiovascular medications reported ADRs during the entire study period. Total 168 ADRs were reported out of which, Amlodipine (causing headache and edema feet) was the most common drug with 51 (30.3%) ADR’s followed by Enalapril, Aspirin and Isosorbide Dinitrate with 37 (22%), 24 (14.2%), 23 (13.6%) ADRs respectively. Most common ADR was headache (due to amlodipine and Isosorbide di nitrate) affecting 38 (22.62%) cases followed by dry cough 37 (22.02%) cases, edema feet 36 (21.43%), gastritis 24 (14.29%) and 10 (5.95%) of nausea.Conclusions: Monitoring ADRs in patients using cardiovascular drugs is a matter of importance since this class of medicines are mostly used as multidrug therapy and always prone for ADRs.
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@#Through the retrieval of IntegrityTM, the data of 12 906 cardiovascular drugs in the world from April 2012 to April 2018 were analyzed, and the general features of cardiovascular drugs research and development, target, mechanism, patent information and information on the market were summarized for the past 6 years, and the characteristics of cardiovascular drugs in recent years were suggested. This research may provide references for related R&D personnel.
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Cardiovascular drugs are commonly used in clinical medicine,which can cause refractory shock and cardiac arrest when poisoning.Lipid emulsion was mainly used for detoxification of lipophilic anesthetics poisoning in the past.Recently more and more studies and clinical cases suggest that lipid emulsion can be adopted as one of therapies for cardiovascular drugs poisoning.Now we review and focus on the research status of the lipid emulsion in the treatment of cardiovascular drugs poisoning,the related mechanisms of detoxification,therapeutic regimen and adverse effect.
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Las enfermedades cardiovasculares constituyen un importante problema de salud pública al ser la principal causa de morbilidad y mortalidad en el mundo. Por ello, existe la creciente necesidad de tratamientos farmacoterapéuticos más eficaces y seguros. Sin embargo, a pesar de que los médicos prescriben fármacos sobre la base de las características farmacológicas del medicamento y la probabilidad de obtener resultados clínicamente reproducibles, muchos de los fármacos son eficaces sólo entre 25-60% de los pacientes. En este sentido es que la Farmacogenómica, a través del estudio de variantes genéticas de proteínas involucradas en la farmacocinética y farmacodinamia de los medicamentos, persigue maximizar su eficacia y seguridad, Este trabajo pretende dar una visión general acerca de farmacogenómica cardiovascular y la posibilidad de utilizar, en la consulta clínica, herramientas genéticas para apoyar la decisión farmacoterapéutica, con el objeto de mejorar la respuesta al tratamiento de enfermedades cardiovasculares, un paso hacia la medicina personalizada en Chile.
Cardiovascular disease is a major public health problem being the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Therefore, there is a growing need for safer and more effective pharmacotherapeutic treatments. However, although physicians prescribe drugs based on pharmacological properties of each drug and the probability of obtaining clinically reproducible results, many drugs are effective only in 25-60% of patients. In this respect, pharmacogenomics, through the study of genetic variants of proteins involved in the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs, pursues to maximize their efficacy and safety, This paper aims to give an overview of cardiovascular pharmacogenomics and the possibility to use, in clinical practice, genetic tools to support pharmacotherapeutical decisions, in order to improve the response to treatment of cardiovascular diseases, a step toward personalized medicine in Chile.
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Humans , Pharmacogenetics , Cardiovascular Agents/therapeutic use , Cardiovascular Diseases/drug therapy , Cardiovascular Agents/pharmacokinetics , Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology , Risk Factors , Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/pharmacokinetics , Anticoagulants/therapeutic use , Anticoagulants/pharmacokineticsABSTRACT
Introduction: The geriatric population assumes great significance in terms of both preventive and curative health care services utilized. The patho-physio-psychological changes associated with ageing make their problems unique. In the geriatric population, hypertension accounts for a huge proportion of cardiovascular and all cause mortality and morbidity. We conducted a study to describe the patterns of antihypertensive drug use in the geriatric population, compare it to the current recommendations and conduct an analysis using the WHO-INRUD drug use indicators. Methods: A prospective cross sectional drug utilization study of 100 prescriptions of hypertensive patients (as per JNC 7) of either sex and ≥60 years was undertaken as per the WHO – DUS and the STROBE guidelines. Results: Statistically significant relation was found between BP control, and addictions and CIRSG score. The 100 prescriptions contained 344 drugs, out of which, 171 were antihypertensive drugs. Three percent of antihypertensive drugs were prescribed by generic names. Seventy nine percent of antihypertensive drugs were prescribed from the ‘hospital drug schedule’. Amlodipine, Hydrochlorothiazide, Losartan and Telmisartan were prescribed to 79%, 24%, 11%, 11% respectively. The combination of ARB (Angiotensin Receptor Blocker) + Diuretic was prescribed to 36% and that of ARB + CCB (Calcium Channel Blocker) was prescribed to 21%. The PDD/DDD ratios of Carvedilol, Losartan, Furosemide and Telmisartan were 0.7, 0.8,1 and1.2, respectively. Conclusion: Creating awareness regarding the role of addiction in BP control and advocating lifestyle changes is paramount in HTN management. Overall, the principles of rational prescribing were followed. The prescription pattern observed was as per current recommendations.
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Objective To analyze the effectiveness evaluation of cardiovascular drugs which have been developed on the CYP2C9 target protein by multi-layer fuzzy evaluation technology .Methods The multi-layer fuzzy evaluation method was used to evaluate the effectiveness of cardiovascular drugs interacting with the CYP 2C9 protein and to construct the index system that affects drug efficacy .Results and Conclusion The index system was used to study such cardiovascular drugs as valsartan and to score the drug effectiveness of individual samples .The results were consistent with actual drug treatment and were well confirmed .The results contribute to evaluation of personalized medication .
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Muslim consumers have special needs in medical treatment that differ from non-Muslim consumers. In particular, there is a growing demand among Muslim consumers for Halal medications. This descriptive exploratory study aims to determine the Halal status of selected cardiovascular, endocrine, and respiratory medications stored in an out-patient pharmacy in a Malaysian governmental hospital. Sources of active ingredients and excipients for each product were assessed for Halal status based on available information obtained from product leaflets, the Medical Information Management System (MIMS) website, or manufacturers. Halal status was based on the products’ sources and categorized into Halal, Mushbooh, or Haram. The proportions of Halal, Mushbooh, and Haram products were at 19.1%, 57.1%, and 23.8%, respectively. The percentage of active ingredients for cardiovascular/endocrine products that were assessed as Haram was 5.3%; for respiratory medications, it was only 1.1%. For excipients, 1.7% and 4.8% fall under the category of Haram for cardiovascular/endocrine products and respiratory products, respectively. Ethanol and magnesium stearate were found to be the common substances that were categorized as Haram and Mushbooh.
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Cardiovascular diseases remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, regardless of the recent advances in medical and surgical treatment, for as life expectancy in the developed countries increases, cardiovascular conditions affecting the elderly also rises. Atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases take a huge toll on the society, making them the leading cause of death in developed countries. Phenomenal advances in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease and the molecular signaling pathways has revealed the role of endothelial dysfunction involved therein and thus has raised the possibility of novel therapeutic targets. Such potential cellular targets include the vascular smooth muscle cells, monocyte/macrophage cell lines, platelets, and endothelial cells. Certain studies affirm that antiplatelet agents, antioxidant therapies, amino acid supplementation, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, and angiotensin receptor blockers may prevent or slow the progression of the disease process. The race is on for new medicines that can treat and prevent heart attacks and strokes, arising out of atherosclerosis, which kills nearly 1 million people a year in the U.S.A alone.
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Atherosclerosis/drug therapy , Atherosclerosis/mortality , Cardiovascular Agents/therapeutic use , Cardiovascular Diseases/drug therapy , Cardiovascular Diseases/mortality , Clinical Trials as Topic/trends , Developing Countries , HumansABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the effcets of tirofihan on myocardial no-reflow after acute myocardial infarction and reperfusion by delayed enhancement-multi-slice CT(DE-MSCT).Methods Chinese mini pigs were randomized into control group and firofiban treatment group. Acute myocardial infarction was induced by balloon occlusion of the medium segment of the left anterior descending artery for 90 minutes. Repeffusion was created by withdrawing the balloon during angiography. All successful models received DE-MSCT examinatons at 1 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h after reperfusion to observe the myocardial noreflow area. Data were analyzed with Spearman rank correlation and Wilcoxon Rank Sum test. Results Six pigs were successfully induced as acute reperfusion myocardial infarction in each group. Furthermore,4 pigs in control group and 3 pigs in firofiban treatment group had no-reflow phenomenon. The no-reflow volume percent increased from 1 h to 72 h in both groups. The no-reflow volume percent was significantly reduced in tirofiban treatment group compared with control group after reperfusion at 1 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h respectively[(4.78±0.66)% and (9.62±3.05)%, t =6.000, P＜0.05; (5.84 ± 1.19)% and (13.44±3.33)% ,t=6.000,P＜0. 05;(6.41± 1.24)% and (15.10±3.76)%,t =6.000,P ＜0.05;(6.63 ±0. 82)% and (15.94 ±4.62)% ,t =6.000,P ＜0.05] ,as well as the infarct myocardium volume percent was significantly reduced in tirofiban treatment group compared with control group at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h after reperfusion [ (19.74± 2. 94) % and ( 25.08 ± 4.68) %, t = 25.000, P ＜ 0.05;(20.34±2.46) % and (27.07 ±5.44)%, t =26. 000,P ＜0.05; (20.72 ±2.10)% and (26.17 ±5.19)% ,t = 24.000,P ＜0.05]. Conclusions DE-MSCT can be used to detect the extent of no-reflow phenomenon. Tirofiban can reduce the volume of myocardial infarct and no-reflow area after reperfusion.
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OBJECTIVE: To probe into the status quo and future tendency of utilization of cardiovascular drugs in hospital of high altitude area. METHODS: Consumption sum and DDDs of cardiovascular drugs used in our hospital were analyzed statistically during 2006～2008. RESULTS: Consumption sum of cardiovascular drugs was increased year by year as well as its percentages in the total consumption sum. Top 10 cardiovascular drugs in terms of consumption sum mainly included antianginal drugs, antihypertensive drugs, blood fat harmimegathy drugs and antithrombotics drugs. Consumption sum of antianginal drugs which had occupied 44% in that of cardiovascular drugs took the dominate place in three years. Consumption sum of antihypertensive drugs was increased fast as well as its percentage in cardiovascular drugs about more than 20%. Consumption sum of antithrombotics drugs had occupied about 22%. CONCLUSION: Requirement of cardiovascular drugs was increased year by year. Cardiovascular drugs from foreign countries and joint stock take main place. It is necessary to explore domestic substitute drugs to decrease the cost of cardiovascular drugs.
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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the current situation and the trend of cardiovascular drugs used in 6 cities in the Yangtze river valley between 2002 and 2004.METHODS:Consumption of cardiovascular drugs used in 157 hospitals of 6 cities in the Yangtze river valley were analyzed by the way of sum and DDDs ranking. RESULTS:The total annual cost of the cardiovascular drugs used in 6 cities was 13.6 billion yuan in 2004, increasing by 58.8%, as compared with that in 2002.The total average consumption of anti-anginal and vasodilating agents, antithrombotic agents and antihypertensives accounted for 84.1% of the total cost in 3 years.CCB, ACEI, Nitrate esters,?-blockers and Chinese medicines dominated in the ranking of sum and DDDs.CONCLUSION: Right medicines with higher patient compliance rates, lower ADR occurrence, more certain therapeutic effect and economical daily cost have become the preferable choices for clinical physicians.
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OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the situation of the use of cardiovascular drugs and its trend of develop?ment.METHODS:The cardiovascular drugs used during2001～2003were analyzed retrospectively in respect to the sale amount,DDDs and etc.RESULTS:The sale amount of cardiovascular drugs was increasing year by year;the antihypertensives and antianginals ranked at the first two places in respect to the sequence of the amount of money and the DDDs;the sale amount of joint-venture products was the largest,and there was a high proportions of national essential drugs consump?tion.CONCLUSIONS:There was a stable and rational structure of cardiovascular drugs in our hospital.Domestic substitute drugs should be exploited for medical researchers in the future so as to reduce the cost of medicine.