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Abstract Introduction: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the main cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The use of the Framingham Risk Score is of great importance for predicting CVD risk. Objective: To estimate the 10-year CVD risk in adult patients diagnosed high blood pressure (HBP) who visited the outpatient service of the San Miguelito de Píllaro Health Center, in Tungura-hua, Ecuador, using the Framingham Risk Score (2008). Materials and methods: Cross-sectional, observational, prospective and descriptive study conducted in 120 HBP patients aged 30 to 74 years who visited the outpatient service between January and October 2017. Data were obtained from the review of medical records, which were in turn updated during the execution of the study. The Framingham risk score was used to calculate the 10-year CVD risk. A descriptive analysis of the data was performed in Epi Info 7, using absolute frequencies and percentages. Results: Of the 120 patients, 59.17% were women. Furthermore, 15% of the participants had been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus, 13.33% had a history of smoking, 47.50% had elevated systolic blood pressure, and 39.17% had hypercholesterolemia. CVD risk was low (≤ 1% Framingham score), intermediate (10-19%), and high (≥ 20%) in 15%, 29.16%, and 59.16% of participants, respectively. None of them had a very low CVD risk (≤1%). Conclusion: The Framingham risk score was useful to estimate CVD risk in the study population treated in the primary health care setting. Consequently, more extensive use of this instrument in different health units is recommended to obtain better estimates of CVD risk and, as a result, achieve the implementation of health prevention and health care actions that improve the prognosis in the medium and long term, and thus the quality of life of these patients.
Resumen Introducción. Las enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV) son la principal casusa de morbimortalidades a nivel mundial; el uso de la escala de Framingham es de gran importancia para predecir el riesgo de ECV. Objetivo. Determinar el riesgo de ECV a 10 años en pacientes adultos con diagnóstico de hipertensión arterial (HTA) que asistieron al servicio de consulta externa del Centro de Salud de San Miguelito de Píllaro, Tungurahua, Ecuador, utilizando la escala de riesgo de Framingham (2008). Materiales y métodos. Estudio transversal, observacional, prospectivo y descriptivo realizado en 120 pacientes con edades entre 30 y 74 años y con diagnóstico de HTA que asistieron al servicio de consulta externa entre enero y octubre de 2017. Los datos se obtuvieron a partir de la revisión de las historias clínicas, las cuales, a su vez, fueron actualizadas durante la ejecución del estudio. El riesgo de ECV a 10 años se determinó según el puntaje obtenido en la escala Framingham. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de los datos en el programa Epi Info 7 utilizando frecuencias absolutas y porcentajes. Resultados. De los 120 pacientes, 59.17% eran mujeres. Además, 15% de los participantes había sido diagnosticado con diabetes mellitus tipo 2, 13.33% tenía antecedentes de tabaquismo, 47.50% tenía presión arterial sistólica elevada y 39.17% tenía hipercolesterolemia. El riesgo cardiovascular fue bajo (≤1% puntaje Framingham), intermedio (10-19%) y alto (≥20%) en 15%, 29.16% y 59.16% de los participantes, respectivamente. Ninguno tuvo riesgo muy bajo (≤1%). Conclusión. La escala Framingham fue útil para estimar el riesgo cardiovascular de los participantes en el contexto de la atención primaria de salud, por lo que se recomienda un uso más amplio de este instrumento en las diferentes unidades de salud con el fin de obtener una mejor estimación del riesgo de ECV y así lograr la implementación de acciones de prevención y atención en salud que mejoren su pronóstico en el mediano y largo plazo, y, por tanto, la calidad de vida de estos pacientes.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To assess the 10-year Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD) risk score among adults in eastern China using the China-PAR equation which formulated primarily for the Chinese population.@*METHODS@#Data from 72,129 individuals from 35-74 years old who received routine physical examinations in eastern China were analyzed in this study. The 10-year risk scores were calculated using the China-PAR equation. The chi-square test and logistic regression were then performed to evaluate the association between the selected risk factors and overall CVD risk.@*RESULTS@#The mean 10-year ASCVD risk scores were 3.82% ± 3.76% in men and 1.30% ± 1.65% in women based on the China-PAR equation. Overall, 20% of men and 3.5% of women were intermediate-risk, and 7.3% of men and 0.3% of women were high-risk. Waist to hip ratio (WHR) [OR = 1.16 (CI 95% = 1.06-1.26)], waist to height ratio (WHtR) [OR = 1.16 (CI 95% = 1.05-1.28)], non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) [OR = 1.23 (CI 95% = 1.09-1.39)], and total cholesterol (TC)/HDL-C [OR = 1.68 (CI 95% = 1.46-1.94)] were more strongly associated with CVD risk than body-mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and TC alone.@*CONCLUSION@#Male-specific prevention and treatment strategies for ASCVD are needed in eastern China. In addition, WHR, WHtR, non-HDL-C, and TC/HDL-C which not included in the the China-PAR equation were also independently associated with 10-year ASCVD risk score categories.