Adaptación cultural y análisis psicométrico de una escala de comportamientos de autocuidado en personas con insuficiencia cardíaca / Cultural adaptation and psychometric analysis of a scale of self-care behaviors in persons with heart failure

INTRODUCCIÓN: La Insuficiencia Cardiaca se ha descrito como un síndrome de proporciones epidémicas, con una prevalencia de un 1-3% de la población adulta mundial menor de 60 años. Las conductas de autocuidado constituyen una estrategia clave en la elaboración de intervenciones exitosas que disminuyan la re-hospitalización, mortalidad y mejoren la calidad de vida. OBJETIVO: Adaptar y validar la Escala Revisada de Comportamientos de Autocuidado en Falla Cardiaca (Revised Heart Failure Self Care Behavior Scale) en personas con insuficiencia cardíaca, que se encuentran en seguimiento ambulatorio, en dos Hospitales Públicos chilenos. METODOLOGÍA: Estudio transversal de adaptación y análisis psicométrico del instrumento de medición Escala de Valoración de Comportamientos de Autocuidado en personas con Insuficiencia Cardíaca diseñada por Nancy Artinian. Emplazamiento: Unidades ambulatorias de seguimiento en Hospitales Públicos chilenos. Participantes: Usuarios con Insuficiencia Cardíaca que asistieron a dos Policlínicos de seguimiento de Insuficiencia Cardiaca de dos Centros de Salud de nivel secundario de dos comunas de Santiago en Chile. Método: Se realizó juicio de expertos para la adaptación cultural del instrumento, se aplicó el análisis factorial exploratorio con rotación oblicua. RESULTADOS: Escala Chilena de Valoración Comportamientos de Automanejo en Insuficiencia Cardiaca presentó una adecuada adaptación cultural, pruebas sicométricas que garantizan su validez de constructo y fiabilidad adecuada, con Alfa de Cronbach del Instrumento de 0,84 IC [0,80-0,88]. CONCLUSIONES: Se proporciona un instrumento que permite conocer conductas de autocuidado de los pacientes con IC, esto le permite ser utilizado por los profesionales que atienden a personas que padecen de IC en Chile.

INTRODUCTION: Heart failure (HF) has been described as a syndrome of epidemic proportions, with a prevalence of 1-3% amongst the global adult population under 60 years of age. Self-care behaviors are a key strategy in the development of successful interventions that reduce re-hospitalization, mortality and improve quality of life. OBJECTIVE: To adapt and validate the Revised Heart Failure Self-Care Behavior Scale in people with heart failure, who are in outpatient follow-up, in two Chilean public hospitals. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study of adaptation and psychometric analysis of the measuring instrument Scale of Assessment of Self-Care Behavior in Persons with Heart Failure, designed by Nancy Artinian. Location: Outpatient follow-up units in Chilean public hospitals. Participants: Patients with Heart Failure who attended two heart failure outpatient follow-up clinics within two secondary healthcare centers located in two districts of Santiago, Chile. Method: Expert judgments were made for the cultural adaptation of the instrument, followed by exploratory factor analysis with oblique rotation. RESULTS: The Chilean Scale of Assessment of Self-Management Behaviors in Heart Failure presented adequate cultural adaptation, psychometric tests that guarantee its validity in terms of its construction and adequate reliability. Cronbach's Alpha of the Instrument was 0,84 IC [0,80-0,88] CONCLUSIONS: The study provides a tool that allows us to ascertain the self-care behaviors of patients with HF, allowing it to be used by professionals who care for people with HF in Chile.

An investigation of foot care behavior and multiple linear regression analysis of influential factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Jinshan District of Shanghai / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective@#To investigate the level of foot care behaviors of in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Jinshan District of Shanghai, analyze the influential factors, and provide information for the intervention study.@*Methods@#With convenient sampling method, a questionnaire survey was conducted with a sample of 110 inpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus from Jinshan District of Shanghai. The investigation contents included patients′ demographic data, foot care knowledge and behaviors. The investigation tools were the questionnaire of diabetes general information, the questionnaire of foot care knowledge, and the questionnaire of foot care behaviors. Survey tools included general information questionnaire, foot care knowledge scale for diabetic patients and Nottingham Foot Care Assessment Scale in Chinese version. Independent-samples t test and oneway ANOVA were used in univariate analyses, whereas multiple stepwise linear regression was used in multivariate analyses. And Pearson correlation analysis was used to measure correlation between variables.@*Results@#The scores of foot care behaviors were statistically significant in the group comparison of sex and glycosylated hemoglobin(t=-2.142, F=3.071, P<0.05). The patients′score of foot care behaviors was (45.31±7.74) scores. 50.9 percent (54/106) patients′scores were less than 45. And the score of foot care knowledge was (16.10±4.18) scores, which was in the medium level. The foot care behaviors level was lower in the patients whose foot care knowledge was poorer (t=-5.591, P<0.01). Foot care knowledge, glycosylated hemoglobin level and gender were the main influencing factors on foot care behaviors of type 2 diabetic patients (R2=0.221, F=9.664, P=0.000). Pearson analysis demonstrated that there was a positive correlation between knowledge score, glycosylated hemoglobin level and behavior score (r=0.377, 0.207, P<0.05).@*Conclusions@#The status of foot care knowledge and behaviors of type 2 diabetic patients are not optimistic in Jinshan District of Shanghai. It′s very important to strengthen the education and management on diabetic patients′foot care knowledge and behaviors, especially in male patients. Meanwhile, the patients whose glycosylated hemoglobin are well controlled should not be ignored.

An investigation of foot care behavior and multiple linear regression analysis of influential factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Jinshan District of Shanghai / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To investigate the level of foot care behaviors of in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Jinshan District of Shanghai, analyze the influential factors, and provide information for the intervention study. Methods With convenient sampling method, a questionnaire survey was conducted with a sample of 110 inpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus from Jinshan District of Shanghai. The investigation contents included patients′ demographic data, foot care knowledge and behaviors. The investigation tools were the questionnaire of diabetes general information, the questionnaire of foot care knowledge, and the questionnaire of foot care behaviors. Survey tools included general information questionnaire, foot care knowledge scale for diabetic patients and Nottingham Foot Care Assessment Scale in Chinese version. Independent-samples t test and oneway ANOVA were used in univariate analyses, whereas multiple stepwise linear regression was used in multivariate analyses. And Pearson correlation analysis was used to measure correlation between variables. Results The scores of foot care behaviors were statistically significant in the group comparison of sex and glycosylated hemoglobin(t=-2.142, F=3.071, P<0.05). The patients′score of foot care behaviors was (45.31±7.74) scores.50.9 percent (54/106) patients′scores were less than 45.And the score of foot care knowledge was (16.10±4.18) scores, which was in the medium level. The foot care behaviors level was lower in the patients whose foot care knowledge was poorer (t=-5.591, P<0.01). Foot care knowledge, glycosylated hemoglobin level and gender were the main influencing factors on foot care behaviors of type 2 diabetic patients (R2=0.221, F=9.664, P=0.000). Pearson analysis demonstrated that there was a positive correlation between knowledge score, glycosylated hemoglobin level and behavior score (r=0.377, 0.207, P<0.05). Conclusions The status of foot care knowledge and behaviors of type 2 diabetic patients are not optimistic in Jinshan District of Shanghai. It′s very important to strengthen the education and management on diabetic patients′foot care knowledge and behaviors, especially in male patients. Meanwhile, the patients whose glycosylated hemoglobin are well controlled should not be ignored.

Logical starting point of nursing care behavior --design of the cultivation scheme of traditional benevolence belief from the perspective of " Field Theory" / 中国实用护理杂志

In the context of "big health, big medicine and big medicine", the relationship of medical and humanities have drawn the attention of the medical world again. For the present, how to develop humanistic care and nursing care behavior is the key point of this study. Nursing care behavior acts as an integral part of nursing work, need spiritual implantation, deepen understanding, continuous training and pragmatic practice. Therefore, the designation of "Benevolence and Faith" in the process of nursing should integrate the "Field Theory" of psychology, which focus on the benevolence and faith cultivation during the practice of nursing care behavior. It is necessary to identify the similar cultivation meaning of "benevolence" and "field" behind different manifestations. Consequently, the logical starting point of nursing care behavior could be identified.

Evaluation of Preventive Self-care Behaviors and Its Related Factors in Patients with Heart Failure.

Background: Self-care behaviors are the most important way to prevent frequent hospitalization, improve the quality of life, and reduce mortality in patients suffering from heart failure. Aims: To assess the preventive self-care behaviors and its associated factors in heart failure patients in Kerman teaching hospitals. Place and Duration of Study: South-East of Iran, Cardiology Clinics of Kerman teaching hospitals from August 2014 to January 2015. Methodology: This cross-sectional study evaluated preventive self-care behaviors in 150 patients suffering from heart failure by a valid and reliable questionnaire and checklist. Subjects were selected by simple random sampling among patients with heart failure from Cardiology Clinics of Kerman teaching hospitals. The Data was analyzed by using of SPSS, version 20. Results: Most (68.5%) of the subjects were moderate at complying with medication regimen (mean=54.41±8.41) and 78.3% were poor at non-medication regimen (mean=61.04±7.21). Control pulse was poor in the majority of them (91.5%). There was a significant relationship between total mean self-care score and age (p=0.05), marital status (p= 0.03), education (p=0.009), the number of hospitalization (p= 0.02), NYHA functional class (p= 0.002) and monthly income (p= 0.003). Conclusion: Due to poor self-care in patients suffering from heart failure and its relationship with some personal factors, it is better to plan for training these patients based on their needs.

Effect of resilience onself-care behaviors in chronic heart failure patients / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To describe the status of resilience and self-care behaviors in chronic heart failure patients and to explore the relationship between resilience and self-care behaviors. Methods It was a cross-sectional survey. The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, the self-care behaviors with heart failure questionnaire and the demographic scale were delivered to 150 chronic heart failure patients in Shanghai Changhai Hospital. Results The score of self-care behaviors was (2.63 ± 2.01) points for chronic heart failure patients. The resilience score was (57.56 ± 8.51) points. The resilience was significantly related to the self-care behaviors(r=0.427, P<0.01), and which explained 32.4%of the total variation. Conclusions The chronic heart failure patients have poor self-care behaviors and resilience. More attention should be paid and more action be taken to improve the resilience, then improve the self-care behaviors of patients.

Percepción de enfermería de los comportamientos del cuidado en las unidades de cuidado intensivo neonatal del distrito de Barranquilla / Nursing perception of care behaviors in neonatal intensive care units in the district of Barranquilla

Esta investigación, que por sus características corresponde a un estudio cuantitativo descriptivo, se planteó como objetivo describir las percepciones de enfermería de los comportamientos de cuidado de enfermería a partir del Inventario de comportamientos del cuidado (CBI) en las unidades de cuidado intensivo neonatal, en algunas instituciones prestadoras de servicios de salud del Distrito de Barranquilla, Colombia. En la investigación participaron 100% de las enfermeras (28) provenientes de las unidades de cuidado intensivo neonatal de las instituciones prestadoras de salud Hospital Niño Jesús, Hospital Universitario Centro de Atención y Rehabilitación Integral Alta Complejidad (CARI), Clínica de la Costa y Clínica Reina Catalina. El estudio se desarrolló con el CIB de Zane Wolf (1986), en la versión en español de Itza Camargo1 , el cual tiene su fundamento filosófico en la Teoría del Cuidado Humano de Jean Watson. En general las participantes señalan como "presentes" los comportamientos de cuidado de las cinco dimensiones que contiene el instrumento, sin embargo, se encuentra que en la dimensión Deferencia Respetuosa se señala con menos frecuencia el llamar a los pacientes por su nombre; es importante recordar que el recién nacido es un individuo y debe ser tratado con respeto, este es un atributo importante en el cuidado transpersonal, que la enfermera nunca debe olvidar; en la dimensión de asistencia segura se valora la sensibilidad de la enfermera con su paciente, más aún en la unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatal, donde el niño está expuesto a diferentes estímulos dolorosos, estresantes y a la separación de sus padres, lo cual se constituye en un factor adicional de privación afectiva en estos niños, que puede tener repercusiones negativas en su vida futura. En cuanto a la interacción positiva dos comportamientos fueron señalados con menor frecuencia como presentes en el cuidado y ellos tienen que ver con la inclusión de los padres en el cuidado y la expresión de los mismos que perciben una relación distante en la relación padres ­ enfermera, barreras en la información sobre el estado de salud del niño, la falta de interacción enfermera-padres-neonato, quizás por las políticas y reglamentos restringidos en estas áreas, lo que conduce a que el contacto de las enfermeras con los padres del niño sea escaso. En la dimensión preparación y habilidad personal, a pesar de que la enfermera brinde un cuidado competente en el área de neonatología, ellas señalan con menos frecuencia el trato humano a los pacientes, comportamiento de cuidado que debe estar siempre presente entre sus cualidades profesionales. Es importante observar que en la dimensión consideración de la experiencia del otro, a pesar de que la enfermera brinda un cuidado competente en el ámbito biológico, se debe partir de una relación reciproca ante la necesidad del paciente, se necesita, reconocer las experiencias humanas, para percibir el primer contacto con los sentimientos y espiritualidad, sin embargo, no se resalta de la misma forma el cuidado ofrecido al recién nacido, ya que falta la atención de otras dimensiones, como la afectiva esencial en el cuidado humano referido por Watson.

This investigation, which by its nature corresponds to a descriptive quantitative study aimed at describing raised perceptions of nursing behaviors nursing care from care behaviors Inventory (CBI) in neonatal intensive care units, in some institutions providing health services in the District of Barranquilla, Colombia. n the research 100 % of nurses participated,(28 ) from the unit neonatal intensive care institutions providing health Niño Jesus Hospital , University Hospital Center for Comprehensive Care and High Complexity Rehabilitation (CARI ) Clinical Coast and Clinical participated queen Catherine . The study was conducted with CIB Zane Wolf (1986), in the Spanish version of Camargo Itza, which has its philosophical foundation in the theory of Jean Watson's Human Care. Participants generally designated as " present " care behaviors of the five dimensions that contains the instrument , however , is that in the dimension Deference Respectful less often noted the call patients by name; is important to remember that the child is an individual and should be treated with respect , this is an important attribute in the transpersonal care , the nurse should never forget ; in the dimension of safe care nurse sensitivity is measured with the patient , even in the neonatal intensive care unit , where the child is exposed to different painful , stressful and separation from their parents stimuli , which constitutes an additional factor of emotional deprivation in these children , which can have a negative impact on his future life. As for positive interaction two behaviors were less frequently identified as present in the care and they have to do with the inclusion of parents in the care and the expression of them perceive a distant relationship in the relationship parents ­ nurse, barriers to information on the health status of the child , lack of nurse - parent -infant interaction , perhaps restricted policies and regulations in these areas , leading to contact nurses the child's parents is little. In the preparation and personal skill dimension , despite the nurse provide competent care in the area of neonatology , they say less often humane treatment to patients, care behavior must always be present between their professional qualities. It is important to note that in the dimension considering the experience of another, although a competent nurse provides care in the biological field, assume a reciprocal relationship to the patient's need , we need to recognize human experiences , to perceive the first contact with the feelings and spirituality, but it is not emphasized in the same way the care given to the newborn , and missing the attention of other dimensions such as affective essential in human care referred by Watson.

Aspectos axiológico-culturais da ética e o cuidado / Axiological-cultural aspects of ethics and health care / Aspectos axiológico-culturales de la ética y el cuidado

El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo descubrir el significado del respeto y el cuidado -como dimensiones morales del ejercicio de la enfermería- dentro del sistema de creencias y valores en una cultura específica. El enfoque teórico de la cuestión está dado por tres elementos que sostienen nuestras concepciones sobre la práctica de enfermería. Con el primero se esboza una discusión acerca de las relaciones entre ética y enfermería; con el segundo se expone el contexto sociohistórico reciente a través del cual el cuidado toma sentido como objeto de estudio de enfermería. El tercero destaca la dimensión de intersubjetividad y co-construcción del cuidado como práctica sociocultural, y subraya la necesidad de sondear y comprender la significación que las dimensiones morales del cuidado adquieren en la condición de sujeto de cuidados. Fue desarrollada una investigación con enfoque etnográfico, empleando como corpus los textos de entrevistas llevadas a cabo durante el proceso de transculturación del Caring Behaviors Assessment...

The objective of present study is to discover the meaning of respect and care -as moral dimensions of nursing practice- within the system of beliefs and values in a specific culture. The theoretical focus of the topic is given by three elements which support our conceptions of nursing practice. The first one sketches a discussion about relations between ethics and nursing; the second one shows the recent socio historical context through which care acquires meaning as object of studying nursing. The third one emphasizes the inter subjectivity and co-building dimensions of care as socio cultural practices and highlights the need to seek and understand the meaning that moral dimensions of care acquire in subject condition. An ethnographic research was developed using as corpus interviews carry out during the process of trans culture on nursing priorities and health care organizations...

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo descobrir o significado do respeito e do cuidado -como dimensões morais do exercício da enfermagem- dentro do sistema de crenças e valores numa cultura específica. O enfoque teórico da questão está dado por três elementos que sustentam nossas concepções sobre a prática de enfermagem. Com o primeiro se esboça uma discussão acerca das relações entre ética e enfermagem; com o segundo se expõe o contexto sócio-histórico recente através do qual o cuidado toma sentido como objeto de estudo da enfermagem. O terceiro destaca a dimensão de intersubjetividade e co-construção do cuidado como prática sócio-cultural, e sublinha a necessidade de sondar e comprender o significado que as dimensões morais do cuidado adquirem na condição de sujeito de cuidados. Foi desenvolvida uma investigação com enfoque etnográfico empregando como corpus os textos de entrevistas levadas a cabo durante o processo de transculturação do Caring Behaviors Assessment...

Análisis psicométrico de la escala de conductas de autocuidado para psicólogos clínicos / Psychometric examination of the Self-Care Behaviors Scale for Clinical Psychologists

En este artículo se describe el examen psicométrico de la Escala de Conductas de Autocuidado para psicólogos clínicos (EAP; Guerra, Rodríguez, Morales & Betta, 2008). Este instrumento fue diseñado para medir la frecuencia de emisión de conductas de autocuidado en psicólogos que trabajan realizando psicoterapia. Una muestra de 159 psicólogos clínicos chilenos respondió la EAP y una serie de instrumentos destinados a evaluar la validez convergente de la escala. La EAP reveló ser un instrumento confiable y válido. En particular, esta escala obtuvo adecuados índices de consistencia interna y adoptó una estructura unifactorial coherente con la teoría que la sustenta. Además, la escala mostró adecuados índices de validez convergente, al correlacionar del modo esperado las tres dimensiones del síndrome de burnout, con los niveles de ansiedad y con una puntuación general de la calidad de vida de los participantes. Finalmente se discuten las implicancias de estos resultados.

This study describes the psychometric examination of the Self-Care Behaviors Scale for Clinical Psychologists (EAP; Guerra, Rodríguez, Morales & Betta, 2008) a scale designed to measure the frequency of self-care behaviors in psychologists dedicated to treat patients. A sample of 159 clinical psychologists from Chile completed the EAP and a series of instruments destined to evaluate the convergent validity of the scale. The EAP showed to be a reliable and valid instrument. In particular, the scale showed adequate indexes of internal consistency and adopted a unifactorial configuration coherent with the theory. In addition the scale showed convergent validity when correlating, as expected, with the levels of three dimensions of the burnout, with the levels of anxiety, with the levels of secondary traumatic stress and with a general score of the quality of life of the participants. Finally the consequences of these results are discussed.

Efectos de una intervención cognitivo-conductual en el aumento de conductas de autocuidado y disminución del estrés traumático secundario en psicólogos clínicos / Effects of a cognitive-behavioral treatment on the increase of self-care behaviors and decrease of secondary traumatic stress on clinical psychologists

En la presente investigación se evalúa la efectividad de un taller de autocuidado de orientación cognitivo conductual diseñado para ser aplicado a psicólogos clínicos con altos niveles de estrés traumático secundario. El objetivo del taller es aumentar la frecuencia de emisión de conductas de autocuidado y disminuir los niveles de estrés traumático secundario en los psicólogos. Mediante un diseño cuasi-experimental se evalúan los efectos del taller. Los resultados indican que, después de las 5 sesiones que dura el taller, los psicólogos que participaron en él (n=9) aumentaron significativamente sus conductas de autocuidado y disminuyeron significativamente sus niveles de desgaste. En cambio, los psicólogos que no participaron del taller (n=12) no variaron en la frecuencia del autocuidado y aumentaron el estrés traumático secundario. En virtud de estos resultados se concluye que el taller es efectivo y se constituye como una alternativa para prevenir y tratar el desgaste laboral en psicólogos clínicos.

In the present investigation, we evaluate the effectiveness of a group therapy program for self-care with cognitive-behavioral orientation, designed to be used on clinical psychologists with high levels of secondary traumatic stress. The object of this group therapy program is to increase the frequency of emissions of self-care behaviors and decrease the levels of secondary traumatic stress in psychologists. By a quasi-experimental design, we evaluate the group therapy program effects. The results indicate that, after 5 sessions that lasts the group therapy program, the psychologists that participated in it (n = 9) increased significantly their self-care behaviors and decreased significantly their secondary traumatic stress levels. Instead, the psychologists that did not participate in the group therapy program (n = 12) did not show variation on self-care frequency and they increased secondary traumatic stress. These results are conclusive that the group therapy program is effective and it represents an alternative to prevent and treat work related burnout in clinical psychologists.

Effect of Case Management Program on Self-Efficacy, Self-Care Behaviors and Glycometabolic Control in Patient with Diabetes / 農村醫學 地域保健

OBJECTIVES: We examined the effects of diabetes mellitus (DM) case management program developed by National Health Insurance Corporation in Korea. METHODS: One trained nurse performed the case management for 30 DM patients recruited through the reimbursement information of National Health Insurance in a rural community. The case manager had four home visits and two telephone calls for 12 weeks. We evaluated the effectiveness of the program in terms of self-efficacy, self-care behaviors and glyco-metabolic control. RESULTS: The self-efficacy score was significantly increased from 70.0 of pre-intervention to 80.5 of post-intervention (p<0.001). The self-care score was also significantly increased from 2.86 to 3.60 (p<0.001). The scores of its components such as nutritional care, self-test of sugar level, foot care, oral care, and aerobic exercise were significantly improved (p<0.001). However, the improvement of score in medication management was statistically marginal (p=0.071). The fasting blood sugar level and HbA1c level was significantly decreased from 128.6 mg/dl to 114.5 mg/dl (p<0.001) and from 6.78 % to 6.54 % (p<0.001) respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The case management program was effective to improve the self-efficacy and self-care behaviors, and to control blood sugar level in DM patients.

Survey on self-care behavior and self-among type 2 diabetes patients in community / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To investigate the level of self-care behaviors and self-efficacy among adult type 2 diabetes patients in community and discuss current problems.Methods A convenient sample of 85 patients with type 2 diabetes in Haiyuncang community was interviewed,using diabetes self-care scale and diabetes self-efficacy scale.Totally 85 questionnaires were got and underwent analysis.Results The index score of self-care behaviors and self-efficacy among adult type 2 diabetes patients in community were 66.98% and 69.02%.There were no significant difference in self-care behaviors of patients whether they attended diabetes lectures or not.Self-efficacy correlated significantly with self-care behaviors.Conclusions The self-care behaviors and self-efficacy of diabetes patients need to be improved,and diabetes education in community should be emphasized and carried out effectively.

A Study on the Relationship between Health Perception, Prenatal Care Behaviors and Health Promoting Behaviors in Unmarried Pregnant Women / 여성건강간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was to examine the relationship between health perception, prenatal care behaviors and health promoting behaviors of unmarried pregnant women. METHOD: The subjects were 97 unmarried pregnant women. The data was collected through personal interviews using a questionnaire. Adjusted instruments were the health perception scale developed by Ware, prenatal care behavior scale developed by Lee, and health promoting behavior scale developed by Pender. Data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and the Pearson correlation coefficient with SPSS program. RESULT: The mean score of health perception was 3.3, and Resistance-Susceptibility was the highest. The mean score of prenatal care behaviors was 2.9, while that of health promoting behaviors was 2.5. The relationship between health perception and prenatal care behaviors was significant(r=0.268, p=.008). The relationship between prenatal care behaviors and health promoting behaviors was also significant (r=0.633, p=.000). CONCLUSION: The higher the health perception of unmarried pregnant women, the more they are concerned about good prenatal care behaviors. Unmarried pregnant women did well on health promoting behaviors when they had are high degree of good prenatal care behaviors. Therefore, in order to promote positive health perceptions of unmarried pregnant women, it is necessary to develop and adjust various education and supporting programs.

Factors Affecting the Self Care Behavior of Korean High School Students / 아동간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors affecting Self Care Behavior in Korean high school students. METHOD: Data were collected from November 9 to December 28, 2003. The participants in this study were 293 students(134 boys, 159 girls), recruited from two High School located in Seoul. Data collection was conducted through the use of Questionnaire that was modified by the investigator. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, Pearson Correlation coefficients and stepwise multiple regression. The SPSS win 10.0 program was used. RESULTS: The mean of total item score the Self Care Behaviors scales was 3.37, which was slightly low. There was a significant correlation between Self Care Behavior, Hope, Social Support, and Self Care Agency(gamma= .30 ~ .65, p<.001). Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that Self Care Agency was a predictor of Self Care Behavior and accounted for 28% of the variance. Self Care Agency account for 31% of the variance in Self Care Behavior in the high school girls. Self Care Agency and Hope accounted for 27% of the variance in Self Care Behavior in High school boys. CONCLUSION: Self Care Agency accounted for variance in Self Care Behavior in these high school students. Therefore it is necessary to develop nursing interventions to increase Self Care Agency in high school students in order to increase the Self Care Behavior.

A follow up study of diabetic camp activity on perceived self-efficacy and self-care behaviors in diabetic children.

This study aims to follow up the perceived self-efficacy and self-care behavior of diabetic control in diabetic children after attending a diabetic camp. The study involved twenty type-I diabetic children and adolescents age 10-19 years old. The data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed in percentage, mean, standard deviation and comparing the mean scores of perceived self-efficacy and self-care behavior behavior by using paired t-test and ANOVA. The results demonstrated that the children’s perceived self-efficacy of control of their diabetes before attending the camp, on the last day of self-efficacy in insulin injection was significantly different (P < .05). The children’s self-care behavior before attending the camp, on the lest day of the camp, and three months following the camp, were not different (P > .05), but it was found that self-care behavior in sugar control in daily life and in various special occasions were significantly different (P < .05 and P < .001 respectively). The diabetic control indicators HbA1C, triglyceride and HDL-cholesterol were better three months after attending the camp ; these improvements were statistically significant (P< .05, P < .01 and P < .01 respectively). It is recommended that diabetic children be encouraged to attend diabetic camp in order to develop self-efficacy, a crucial factor enabling diabetic children to practice appropriate self-care, in order to control their diseases and prevent complications.