Assessment of Vaccination Status Among Pediatrics in a Tertiary Care Setting.

Purpose: Vaccination is one of the best cost-effective methods for preventing childhood morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to identify children with missed and delayed vaccinations along with factors associated with incomplete vaccinations. Methodology: A prospective observational study was conducted for 7 months. Relevant data was collected through a face-to-face interview and immunization status was evaluated based on their vaccination card which was compared against UIP. Result: Out of 347 subjects, 93.94% of them were completely immunized and majority of the missed vaccines were measles 1st dose (58.82%), Japanese Encephalitis vaccine 1st dose (29.41%). Lack of access to health care, less contact of adolescents to physicians, missed opportunities for vaccination, resistance towards immunization and poor birth weight were the reasons identified for incomplete vaccination. Conclusion: Immunization is one of the biggest health accomplishments saving millions of lives. Our study concluded that most of the participants were completely immunized indicating a positive attitude towards immunization. However, further exploration is required to assess and improve the vaccination coverage among rural population.

Burnout Among Caretakers of Paediatric Patient with Chronic Kidney Disease

@#Introduction: Caring for children who have chronic kidney disease (CKD) is challenging. The goal of this study was to find out the prevalence of burnout and what factors contribute to it. We also want to know the correlation between caretaker’s strain and burnout. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that involved caretakers of children with CKD. They were recruited from a university hospital in Kelantan, Malaysia. Self-administered questionnaire in Malay language comprised of Demographic Information Form, Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI-M) and Caregiver Strain Index (CSI-M) was used. Results: Eighty-eight caretakers were involved in this study. The mean age of caretakers was 42 years old, majority were female (72.4%), Malay (99.0%) and Muslim (99.0%). The mean age of children with CKD was 11 years old, most of them were on medication (69.3%) and mean duration of illness was 4.6 years. The prevalence of burnout in all domains (personal, work-related, client-related) among the caretakers was 5.7%. Eight caretakers had personal burnout (9.1%) while five (5.7%) had client-related and work-related burnout respectively. Multiple linear regression showed positive association of duration since the initial diagnosis and total ward admission within six months with total burnout score. Pearson correlation revealed a positive and fair correlation between strain and burnout. Conclusion: Prevalence of burnout among caretakers was generally low, but personal burnout outnumbered other domains. Children with CKD with longer duration of illness and more frequent ward admission are the important factors leading to burnout among caretakers. A high number of caretakers having significant strain indicated that there were possibilities of developing burnout later on.

Características de los cuidadores principales de niños y adolescentes con fibrosis quística / Characteristics of main caregivers of children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis

Introducción: Las investigaciones sobre los cuidadores han tomado importancia por los efectos negativos que provoca en las esferas físicas, psicológicas y sociales de estas personas, debido a su dedicación prolongada a la atención de enfermos cuyas dolencias les impiden totalmente su autocuidado. Objetivos: Referir las características de los cuidadores principales de pacientes pediátricos con fibrosis quística. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal realizado en el segundo semestre del 2016, con 54 cuidadoras principales de pacientes menores de 19 años, atendidos en los hospitales Pediátrico de Centro Habana, Juan Manuel Márquez, de Marianao, y el William Soler, de Boyeros. Resultados: Las cuidadoras son mujeres, madres en su mayoría, sin vínculo laboral, con nivel educativo medio superior, dedicadas al cuidado de los enfermos a tiempo completo, lo que interfiere su vida personal y social. Ante estas situaciones responden con mediana capacidad de afrontamiento y adaptación ante las situaciones que les generan estrés. Conclusiones: Las estrategias de afrontamiento utilizadas por las cuidadoras están afectadas pues no generan respuestas efectivas que les permita adaptarse y responder a las situaciones de forma óptima, por lo que se requiere reforzar los recursos que están utilizando. La meta de enfermería como ciencia y como disciplina es un factor muy importante para obtener esos recursos necesarios para mejorar la calidad de vida de los niños, adolescentes y sus cuidadores(AU)

Introduction: Research on caregivers has become important because of the negative effects this activity causes in the physical, psychological and social aspects of these people due to their prolonged dedication to the care of patients, whose illnesses prevent them from fully looking for themselves. Objective: To describe the characteristics of the main caregivers of pediatric patients with cystic fibrosis. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study conducted in the second semester of 2016, with 54 main caregivers of patients under 19 years old that were attended in Centro Habana Pediatric Hospital, Juan Manuel Márquez (Marianao´s municipality Pediatric Hospital), and William Soler (Boyeros municipality´s Pediatric Hospital). Results: Caregivers are women, mostly mothers, with no employment, with a medium superior level of education, who are devoted to caring for the sick patients full-time, and this interferes with their personal and social life. Given these situations, they respond with a medium capacity for coping and adapting to situations that generate stress. Conclusions: Coping strategies used by caregivers are affected because they do not generate effective responses that allow them to adapt and respond to situations in an optimal way, so it is necessary to reinforce the resources they are using. The goal of nursing as a science and as a discipline is a very important factor in obtaining those necessary resources to improve the quality of life of children, adolescents and their caregivers(AU)

The use of orthoses in children with cerebral palsy: perception of caregivers / O uso de órteses em crianças com paralisia cerebral: percepção dos cuidadores

Abstract The orthoses can be used as an adjuvant in the rehabilitation of children with Cerebral Palsy(CP). Studies that investigate caretakers' opinions over the use of the orthoses are fundamental, especially for propositions that aim to produce a positive impact on the use of orthoses by the children. This study's objective was to identify the perception of caretakers of children with CP over the functionality, benefits, and satisfaction over the use of the orthoses. Eighteen caretakers of children with CP, who used upper and/or lower limb orthoses, participated in this study. The data was obtained with questionnaires with open and closed questions. Descriptive and quantitative analysis of the data was made. The results suggest that the satisfaction with the orthoses is linked to the consideration of the caretaker's opinions during the period of prescription and confection of the orthoses; to the guidance provided by professional; to the noticed improvement of the range of movement of fingers and wrists and the increase of the child's balance and confidence while walking. Disconsidering the caretaker's opinions over the orthosis and the perception that the orthoses cause pain or discomfort contributed to the dissatisfaction and/or partial satisfaction of the caretakers. The results of this study may be useful for professionals from many areas of knowledge because they provide a basis to contribute for the efficacy of prescription and intervention by healthcare professionals, as well as elements that may help designers to make orthoses that fulfill the user's expectations and so increase usability, comfort, and satisfaction.

Resumo A órtese pode ser utilizada como adjuvante no tratamento de reabilitação de crianças com paralisia cerebral (PC). Estudos que investigam a opinião dos cuidadores em relação ao uso da órtese são de fundamental importância, especialmente para proposição de melhorias que visem impactar positivamente no seu uso pela criança. Objetivou-se neste estudo identificar a percepção de cuidadores de crianças com PC sobre a função, os benefícios e a satisfação com o uso das órteses. Participaram 18 cuidadores de crianças com PC usuárias de órteses de membros inferiores e/ou superiores. A coleta de dados foi feita por meio de questionário contendo questões abertas e fechadas. Realizou-se análise descritiva e quantitativa dos dados. Os resultados sugerem que a satisfação dos cuidadores se relacionava com o fato de terem sua opinião considerada durante o processo de prescrição e confecção das órteses; com as orientações fornecidas pelos profissionais; com os benefícios percebidos pela melhora na amplitude de movimento de punho e dedos e pela maior confiança e equilíbrio da criança ao andar. Desconsiderar a opinião sobre a órtese, a percepção de que a mesma causa dor e desconforto contribuíram para a insatisfação e/ou satisfação parcial dos cuidadores. Os resultados deste estudo podem ser úteis para profissionais de diferentes áreas do conhecimento, pois trazem subsídios que podem contribuir para a eficácia da prescrição e intervenção por parte dos profissionais da saúde, bem como elementos que podem colaborar para que profissionais do design projetem órteses que atendam aos requisitos do usuário com vistas a favorecer a usabilidade, conforto e satisfação.

Análisis de la disminución de fuerza de agarre en la mano por uso de guantes en actividades de aseo y cafetería / Hand Grip Strength Analysis Due to Glove Use in Cleaning and Cafeteria Activities / Análise da diminuição de força de preensão na mão por uso de luvas em atividades de asseio e cafetaria

Introducción: existen en la literatura estudios relacionados con la disminución de fuerza por el uso de guantes en actividades de riesgo, como aviación o mantenimiento eléctrico. Sin embargo, no ha sido estudiado este factor en tareas de aseo y cafetería, donde el uso de guantes es necesario. Se pretende entonces responder a la pregunta, si existe efecto en la fuerza de agarre por el uso de guantes y postura en esta población que se caracteriza por su vulnerabilidad e incidencia en lesiones musculo esqueléticas. Materiales y métodos: diseño experimental 2 x 3 con dos variables independientes: la postura en tres niveles diferentes (postura neutral, codo inclinado 90° y antebrazo extendido) y el uso o no de guantes, así la variable dependiente es la fuerza de agarre. El experimento se desarrolló con 11 mujeres pertenecientes al área de aseo y cafetería de una empresa de servicios. Resultados: el factor guante ejerce un efecto significativo sobre la fuerza de agarre con un nivel de significancia de 0,000. La disminución de fuerza de agarre oscila entre 18% y 54%, según la postura de medición de la fuerza. Discusión. la relación de la fuerza desarrollada con la naturaleza de la tarea y el uso de guantes genera recomendaciones para futuras investigaciones, como materiales, detalles en la fuerza y diseño de artefactos entre otros.

Introduction: The literature reports studies related to grip strength decrease due to gloves in risk activities such as aviation or electricity maintenance. However, this factor has not been studied in cleaning tasks where the use of gloves is needed. Therefore, the need arises for measuring the strength which may be lost by the use of gloves and its implications in the performance of duties in different positions, in a population characterized by their vulnerability and muskulosqueletal injuries. Materials and methods: A 2x3 experimental design was made with two independent variables: the position into three different levels (neutral position, leaning on elbow and keeping forearm extended) and the use / not use of gloves so that the dependent variable was the grip strength. The experiment was made among 11 women who belonged to the cleaning and cafeteria area in a services company. Results: The glove factor exerts meaningful effect over grip strength with a significance level of 0.000. In addition, the decrease of the grip strength fluctuates from 18% to 54% according to the position of the measuring. Discussion: the relation between the strength developed the nature of the task and the use of gloves produces suggestions to future researches such as, materials, strength detail measuring, and design of tools between others.

Introdução: existem na literatura estudos relacionados com a diminuição de força pelo uso de luva em atividades de risco, como aviação ou manutenção elétrica. No entanto, não tem sido estudado este fator em tarefas de asseio e cafetaria onde o uso de luvas é necessário. Pretende-se então responder à pergunta, se existe efeito na força de preensão pelo uso de luva e postura nesta população que se caracteriza pela sua vulnerabilidade e incidência em lesões musculoesqueléticas. Materiais e métodos: Desenho experimental 2x3 com duas variáveis independentes: a postura em três níveis diferentes (postura neutral, cotovelo inclinado 90° e antebraço estendido) e o uso ou não de luva, assim a variável dependente é a força de preensão. O experimento se desenvolveu com 11 mulheres pertencentes à área de asseio e cafetaria de uma empresa de serviços. Resultados: o fator luva exerce efeito significativo sobre a força de preensão com um nível de significância de 0.000. A diminuição de força de preensão oscila entre 18% e 54% segundo a postura de medição da força. Discussão: A relação da força desenvolvida com a natureza da tarefa e o uso de luva gera recomendações para futuras pesquisas, como materiais, detalhes na força e desenho de artefatos entre outros.

Cuidador e cuidado: o sujeito e suas relações no contexto da assistência domiciliar / Caregiver and care: the subject and its relations in the context of household assistance / Cuidador y cuidado: el sujeto y sus relaciones en el contexto de la asistencia domiciliar

A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo conhecer características emocionais e o contexto do trabalho do cuidador domiciliar, bem como o sentido do cuidar para esses sujeitos. Participaram do estudo dez cuidadores domiciliares familiares de pacientes com câncer e pacientes vítimas de AVC. Para a coleta dos dados, foram utilizadas entrevistas semidirigidas. Os resultados apontam que o cuidado domiciliar é uma experiência paradoxal, pois o cenário onde este se desenvolve é determinante para a apreensão da subjetividade do cuidador e do que se espera de suas tarefas. Observou‑se dificuldade de compartilhamento de atividades entre membros da família, culminando em sobrecarga física e emocional do cuidador. Conclui­se, assim, que a relação cuidado e cuidador não é um encontro simples; o domicílio é um cenário complexo, no qual se torna quase impossível homogeneizar ações e práticas de saúde.

This reserch aimed to identify the emotional characteristics and the working context of the home caregiver, as well as the sense of caring for these subjects. Ten family home caregivers of cancer patients and patients suffering from stroke took part in the study. For the data collection semi‑directed interviews were used. Results suggest that home care is a paradoxical experience, since the scenario where it develops is crucial to the understanding of caregiver’s subjectivity and what is expected of their tasks. Difficulties in sharing activities among family members, culminating in physical and emotional burden of the caregiver, were observed. We conclude, therefore, that the relationship between care and caregiver is not a simple conjuncture; the home is a complex scenario, where it becomes almost impossible to standardize actions and health practices.

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo conocer características emocionales y el contexto del trabajo del cuidador domiciliar, así como el sentido del cuidar para estos sujetos. Participaron del estudio diez cuidadores domiciliares familiares de pacientes con cáncer y de pacientes víctimas de ACV. Se han utilizado entrevistas semidirigidas. Los resultados apuntan que el cuidado domiciliar es una experiencia paradójica, pues el escenario donde el mismo se desarrolla es determinante para la aprensión de la subjetividad del cuidador y de lo que se espera de sus tareas. Se ha observado dificultad en la repartición de actividades entre miembros de la familia, culminando en sobrecarga física y emocional del cuidador. Por lo tanto, se concluye que la relación cuidado y cuidador no es un simple encuentro. El domicilio es un escenario complejo, por lo que se convierte casi imposible homogeneizar acciones y prácticas de salud.

Habilidad de cuidado y carga de cuidadores familiares de personas con enfermedad crónica / Ability to care and burden of family caregivers of people with chronic illness

Introducción: Las enfermedades crónicas no trasmisibles (ECNT) representan en el sustento epidemiológico según la OMS, un significativo incremento con altos índices de prevalencia siendo las enfermedades cardiovasculares, el cáncer, las enfermedades respiratorias crónicas y la diabetes ­ las responsables del 63% de las muertes que se producen en el mundo (36 millones de 57 millones de muertes globales). El 80% de estas muertes se dan en los países de ingresos bajos y medios. Más de 9 millones de las muertes se producen en personas menores de 60 años. Objetivo: Determinar la relación que existe entre la habilidad de cuidado y la carga de los cuidadores familiares de pacientes con enfermedad crónica no transmisible. Método: Estudio de tipo cuantitativo correlacional con una intervención en un grupo de cuidadores, que busca medir la relación que existe entre la habilidad de cuidado y la percepción de carga del cuidado en los cuidadores de personas con enfermedad crónica. Participaron 70 cuidadores pertenecientes a ASCVIDA. Instrumentos utilizados: GCPC-UN-D Este instrumento se define como ficha de caracterización de la diada cuidador ­ persona con enfermedad crónica, se identifican las necesidades básicas de información para cuidar a una Diada a través de tres dimensiones: 1) Identificación de condiciones del cuidador y su perfil sociodemográfico. 2) La percepción de carga y apoyo. 3) Los medios de información y comunicación. Escala para medir la habilidad de cuidado de los cuidadores familiares de personas con enfermedad crónica. (Barrera Lucy, 2008) el cual contiene 3 dimensiones: a) Relación; b) Comprensión; c) Modificación de la vida y Escala de valoración ZARIR. El análisis estadístico de relación se realizó mediante la determinación de los coeficientes de correlación de Spearman. Resultado: Las características socio demográficas de los cuidadores de personas con ECNT son: La mayoría son mujeres de 50 años, estado civil casados, estrato socioeconómico 1 y 2, nivel educativo igual proporción primaria y bachillerato, ocupación hogar. Al valorar el nivel de carga se evidenció una carga leve en 33 de los 70 cuidadores, representando el (47%). Al medir la habilidad se encontró una significancia en la dimensión de compresión. Cuando se relacionó la carga y la habilidad se encontró una puntuación de 0.262. Si contribuyen de manera modesta. Conclusiones: Al establecer la relación entre la carga y la habilidad de cuidado de los cuidadores de personas con ECNT, se acepta la hipótesis de relación que señala que existe relación en el nivel de habilidad en sus categorías de cuidadores familiares de personas en situación de enfermedad crónica y el nivel percibido de carga.

Introduction: Chronic Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) represent in the epidemiological support according to WHO, a significant increase with high prevalence rates being cardiovascular diseases, cancer , chronic respiratory diseases and diabetes - are responsible for 63% of deaths produced in the world ( 36 million of 57 million global deaths). 80 % of these deaths occur in low- and middleincome. More than 9 million deaths occur in people under 60 years. Method: To determine the relationship between the ability to care and burden of family caregivers of patients with chronic non-communicable disease. Results: Demographic partner caregivers of people with NCDs characteristics are: Most are women in their 50s, married marital status, socioeconomic stratum 1 and 2, primary education level equal proportion and high school, home occupation. In assessing the charge level showed a slight load in 33 of the 70 caregivers, representing (47%). By measuring the ability a significance in the dimension of compression found. When the load and the ability of a score related found 026. If they contribute modestly. Conclusions: In establishing the relationship between the load and the ability to care for caregivers of people with NCDs, we hypothesized relationship indicates that there is a relationship in the skill level in the categories of family caregivers in chronic illness is accepted and the perceived level of charge

Knowledge, Perception, and Management Skills of Mothers with Under-five Children about Diarrhoeal Disease in Indigenous and Resettlement Communities in Assosa District, Western Ethiopia.

As primary caregiver to under-five children in Ethiopia, mothers’ knowledge, perception, and management skills are important to minimize the effects of morbidity and mortality associated with diarrhoeal diseases. A community-based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in Abramo and Megele 37 kebeles (the last administration division) in Assosa district of western Ethiopia in July 2010. Quantitative data were obtained by a structured questionnaire from 232 randomly-selected mothers having children aged less than five years regarding their knowledge, perception, and management. Qualitative data were also collected by arranging four focus group discussions involving mothers from the two communities. The prevalence of diarrhoeal diseases among under-five children was 33.2%, and the knowledge of mothers about the causes, transmission, and prevention of diarrhoea in the study area was 37.5%. The prevalence of diarrhoeal disease was higher in the settlement area whereas mothers’ knowledge was better in the indigenous community; 62.9% of mothers were categorized as having good attitude on causes, transmission, and prevention of diarrhoeal disease. Community water source, water storage container, and knowledge of mothers remained a strong predictor of diarrhoeal morbidity after conducting logistic regression analysis (OR=8.4, CI 3.59-31.85; OR=2.2, CI 1.02-4.89; and OR=3.62, CI 1.23-4.71 respectively). Diarrhoeal morbidity was high in the study areas. On the contrary, knowledge and attitude of mothers, recognizing the danger sign of dehydration due to diarrhoea, and the prevention and management of childhood diarrhoeal diseases were not adequate. Information, education and communication strategy may help increase the knowledge and create positive attitude among mothers regarding the cause, prevention, and management of diarrhoea.

Evasão nas unidades de acolhimento: discutindo seus significados / Evasión de las unidades de acogida: discusión acerca de sus significados / Evasion in the shelter units: discussing their meanings

Este artigo discute os significados da evasão de adolescentes de duas unidades de acolhimento, tanto para estes quanto para os profissionais. Para isso, explicitam-se os pontos de vista de ambos, a fim de compreender como vivenciam e lidam com tal processo. Para a discussão do tema, foram analisadas 30 entrevistas com adolescentes e 47 com profissionais, utilizando a abordagem qualitativa, além de observações de campo. A coleta das entrevistas foi baseada na história oral e a análise, na teoria da comunicação. Pôde-se concluir que a falta de capacitação e supervisão dos profissionais afeta o processo de acolhimento dos jovens e também causa sofrimento psíquico aos cuidadores. Por fim, observou-se a necessidade de desenvolver um trabalho consistente e integrado com as equipes em torno dos verdadeiros objetivos das unidades de acolhimento, dando a elas suporte psicossocial...

Este artículo discute el significado de la evasión de los adolescentes, de dos unidades de acogida, tanto para estos como para los profesionales. Para eso, se expondrán la opinión de ambos para comprender mejor su experiencia y la manera que maneján este proceso. Para una discusión sobre el tema, se analizaron 30 entrevistas con adolescentes y 47 com profesionales, con enfoque cualitativo, y observaciones de campo. La colecta de entrevistas se basa en la historia oral y el análisis, en la teoría de la comunicación. Se concluyó que la falta de formación y supervisión de los profesionales afecta el proceso de acogida de los jóvenes y también causa malestar psicológico a los cuidadores. Se percibió la necesidad de desarrollar um trabajo, coherente y integrado con los equipos en torno de las verdaderas intenciones de las unidades de acogida, con el apoyo psicosocial...

This article discusses the meanings ofteenagers'evasion according to both the latter and professionals from two shelter units. In order to do this, the points of view of both of them carefully expressed, to comprehend how they live and deal with this process. In order to discuss the theme 30 interviews with teenagers and 47 with professionals were analyzed using the qualitative approach as well as field research. The interviews were performed based on the oral history, and the analysis was based on the theory of communication. It was possible to conclude that the professional lack of training and supervision affects the process of caretaking the youngsters and it also causes psychic suffering to the caretakers. Lastly, it was observed the need to develop a consistent and integrated work with the teams around the true objectives of the shelter units through a psychosocial support...

Impact of Substance Dependence on Primary Caretaker in Rural Punjab.

Objectives: The study was planned to assess the impact of substance dependence and factors affecting it on PCT (Primary Care Taker) in rural area of Punjab. Methods: This is a systematic, randomized,cross sectional study which involves 83 PCT of patients with ICD-10 diagnosis of substance dependence in village Chhajli of Punjab. Details of substance useand sociodemographic attributes of dependence patients were taken on semi-structured proforma. All PCT underwent detailed assessment using Family Burden Interview Schedule. Results: Majority of PCT (77.5 percent) was found to have moderate burden especially in financial areas, disruption of routine activities, family leisure and family interaction. Higher proportion of burden was seen in PCT of illiterate patients of reproductive age group, of lower socioeconomic status, having multiple and longer duration of substance dependence and had relapsed many times. Conclusion:Burden on PCT was observed more in temporal association to the number of substance, type and duration of dependence. The impact of substance dependence on family members must be assessed at every stage of patient treatment for better quality of life.

A percepção do cuidador familiar sobre a recuperação física do idoso em condição de incapacidade funcional / The family caretaker perception about the elderly physical recovery with functional disability

O objetivo deste estudo foi o de identificar percepções de cuidadores familiares sobre o processo de recuperação física de idosos que receberam alta hospitalar em condição de dependência física. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, realizado no período de julho a agosto de 2005, em que seis cuidadores familiares foram entrevistados, em seu próprio domicílio, um mês após a alta hospitalar do idoso. Mediante a transcrição e análise temática, surgiram cincos temas, em destaque: conceito popular de reabilitação, o processo da incapacidade funcional, principais recursos utilizados e a motivação do idoso e do cuidador. Observou-se que estes cuidadores familiares percebem a recuperação física de maneira unificada com o cuidado, uma vez que as suas ações são realizadas para a recuperação integral do idoso.

The objective of this study was to identify perceptions of family caretakers about the process of physical rehabilitation of elderly people were discharged from hospital on condition of physical dependence. This is a qualitative study, conducted from July to August 2005 in which six family caretakers were interviewed in their own homes, a month after hospital discharge of the elderly. By means of transcription and thematic analysis five themes emerged, highlighting: popular concept of rehabilitation, the process of functional disability, the main resources used and the motivation of the elderly and the caretaker. We found that these family caretakers perceive the physical recovery in a combined way with the care, since their actions are held for the full recovery of the elderly.

Sobrecarga em familiares de indivíduos com transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo / Burden in families of individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder

CONTEXTO: A presença de sobrecarga em familiares cuidadores resultante do auxílio/cuidado prestado pode comprometer a saúde deles, implicar deterioração de relacionamentos e manutenção ou agravamento do quadro do enfermo. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar graus de sobrecarga, objetiva e subjetiva, de familiares de indivíduos com transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo (TOC) em amostras na rede pública e privada. MÉTODOS: Estudo descritivo-analítico constituído de: caracterização do sujeito com TOC (N = 30) e de seu familiar cuidador (N = 30), em amostras da rede pública (N = 30) e privada (N = 30), por meio de questionários sociodemográficos; confirmação diagnóstica (TOC) com uso do Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI); aplicação da Escala de Avaliação da Sobrecarga de Familiares (FBIS-BR). RESULTADOS: Foram detectadas significância estatística entre as amostras na dimensão objetiva, com maiores graus de sobrecarga na amostra da rede pública, e significância na dimensão subjetiva apenas na questão relativa à "realização de tarefas de casa", com maiores graus na amostra da clínica privada. CONCLUSÃO: O estudo constatou graus de sobrecarga diferentes em familiares de sujeitos com TOC em tratamento, em amostras na rede pública e privada de assistência em psiquiatria.

BACKGROUND: The burden present in family members caretakers that results of the care given, could jeopardize their health, provoke the decay of relationships, as well as maintain or worsen the patient's condition. OBJECTIVES: Evaluate the levels of objective and subjective burden in family members of individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in samples from the public and private network. METHODS: This is a descriptive-analytical study that characterizes the individual with OCD (N = 30) and their family caretakers (N = 30), in samples of public net (N = 30) and private net (N = 30), with use of standardized socio-demographic data questionnaire; diagnosis confirmation (OCD) by using Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI); the Family Burden Interview Schedule (FBIS-BR) was applied. RESULTS: A statistical significance has been detected among the samples through an objective point of view, with higher levels of burden in the sample of public net; the significance through a subjective point of view was only perceived regarding "doing housework", with higher levels in the private practice. DISCUSSION: The study has verified different levels of burden in family members of individuals with OCD under treatment in samples from the public and private network of psychiatric assistance.

Representações sociais de cuidadores principais de pacientes com demência / Social representations of main caretakers of patients with dementia

INTRODUÇÃO: As síndromes depressivas e demenciais são os problemas mentais mais prevalentes na população idosa. A qualidade de vida de pacientes com demência depende, primordialmente, daqueles que são responsáveis pelos seus cuidados. Assim, é fundamental a realização de estudos que possam descrever as percepções, interpretações e reações dos cuidadores frente aos diversos tipos de síndromes demenciais, as estratégias encontradas para enfrentá-las associadas aos diferentes atores e a mobilização de referentes culturais em torno da experiência da demência. MÉTODO: No presente estudo, com base na teoria das representações sociais, foram entrevistados 15 cuidadores, visando compreender como estes reconhecem e vivenciam a síndrome demencial e quais são as ações realizadas por eles para lidar com a mesma. RESULTADOS: A análise de conteúdo indicou que o prejuízo nas atividades instrumentais foram os primeiros sinais que alertaram os cuidadores para o problema de seus familiares. Ao mesmo tempo em que os cuidadores consideram eventos de vida, organicidade e hereditariedade para explicar o problema do familiar, levantam também outros aspectos que estão intimamente associados ao contexto sociocultural, influenciando as ações diante das manifestações da síndrome demencial. CONCLUSÃO: Essas são informações essenciais para o planejamento de intervenções e políticas públicas adequadas às características dessa população.

INTRODUCTION: Depressive symptoms and dementia are the most prevalent mental problems among the elderly. The quality of life of patients suffering from these disorders depends mostly on their caretakers. Therefore, it is of paramount importance to conduct research studies describing the caretaker's perceptions, interpretations and actions in relation to different types of dementia disorders, coping strategies developed associated with different actors and mobilization of cultural references connected to the experience of dementia. METHOD: In the present study, based on the theory of social representations, 15 caretakers were interviewed, focusing on their experiences and feelings about this disorder and their coping strategies. RESULTS: Content analysis indicated that decreased instrumental activities were the first signs alerting caretakers about their relative's problem. At the same time as caretakers consider life events, organicity and heredity to explain their relative's problem, they also raise other aspects, which are intimately associated with the sociocultural context, influencing the actions taken regarding the dementia syndrome. CONCLUSION: This is essential information to plan interventions and public policies adapted to the characteristics of that population.

Perfil psicosocial del cuidador primario informal del paciente con EPOC / Psychosocial profile of the informal primary caretaker of patients with COPD

Introducción: La enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) es un trastorno progresivo que afecta la calidad de vida del paciente y su familia. Se considera que cerca del 75% de los pacientes con EPOC avanzada no pueden realizar actividades cotidianas y tienen que estar al cuidado de una persona. Objetivo: Conocer y describir el perfil psicosocial del cuidador primario informal (CPI) de pacientes con EPOC. Método: Estudio descriptivo, prospectivo y transversal realizado durante el periodo de julio a agosto de 2006. A los CPI que asistían al Servicio de Consulta Externa con su paciente con EPOC, previa cita se les aplicó el Cuestionario de Salud del Cuidador Primario Informal. Resultados: Se entrevistaron a 46 CPI. El 76.1 % eran del sexo femenino, con edad promedio de 50 años, 66.7% casadas, 32.6% eran esposas de los pacientes y el 32.6%> hijas. El 32.6% sabía leer y escribir, 52.2% se dedicaban al hogar y 84.8% compartían el domicilio con el paciente. Sólo el 37% reportó como poco estresante cuidar a su paciente y el 23.9% como moderadamente estresante; el 63% reporto síntomas de estrés como tristeza y/o depresión, 52.2% irritabilidad y enojo, 50% preocupación, miedo y ansiedad, 58.7% dificultad para dormir y descansar, 73.3% tensión muscular y el 45.7% cansancio. Conclusiones: El perfil psicosocial del CPI en este estudio es consistente con lo reportado en México y en otros países. Se destaca la figura del CPI como fundamental en el cuidado y atención del enfermo crónico, así como la necesidad de desarrollar protocolos que consideren la formación y atención del CPI.

Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) affects patient and patient's family quality of life. Nearly 75% of patients with COPD are unable to perform their usual daily chores without the help of a caretaker. Objective: To describe the psychosocial profile of the informal primary caretaker (IPC) of patients with COPD in our socioeconomic environment. Method: Prospective, descriptive, horizontal study during July and August 2006; I PCs arriving to the outpatient clinic with their patients with COPD were submitted to The Health's IPC Questionary. Results: Forty six IPCs were interviewed; 76.1% were female, 66.7% were married, 32.6% were patients' wives, 32.6% daughters, 67.4% were illiterate, 52.2% were housewives and 84.8% shared the home with the patient, 50% had not seen a physician during the previous six months. Only 37% reported light and 23.9% moderate stress during their caretaking chores; 63% reported sadness and/or depression, 52.2% anger and irritability, 50% fear and anxiety, 58.7% rest and sleep difficulties, 73.3% muscular tension and 45.7% fatigue. Conclusions: The psychosocial profile of the IPC in our study is consistent with that of reports from México and other countries. The importance of the IPC as a caretaker of patients with COPD is underscored, as well as the need to develop protocols to train and help the needs of the IPC.

O saber-fazer do cuidador familiar da pessoa com deficiência física: um estudo no pré e trans-reabilitação / The knowledge - the doings of the family caretaker of the disabled person: a study before and during the rehabilitation

Trata-se de um estudo descritivo sobre o saber-fazer do cuidador familiar da pessoa com deficiência física no pré e trans-reabilitação, que teve por objetivos caracterizar o cuidador familiar principal, o cuidar desenvolvido anterior ao programa de reabilitação e, o cuidar após três meses de orientação e/ou treinamento fornecidos pelos profissionais de saúde em reabilitação para a continuidade do cuidado domiciliário. A amostra constituiu-se de dez cuidadores familiares principais, no qual verificou-se o predomínio de mulheres mães como cuidadoras. Os cuidados realizados estão diretamente relacionados às incapacidades apresentadas segundo Escala MIF. Quanto menor a pontuação da pessoa com deficiência na Escala MIF, maior é a sua dependência do cuidador. As orientações e treinamentos fornecidos ao cuidador e ao portador de deficiência durante o programa de reabilitação, estão relacionados a autonomia de decisão da pessoa portadora de deficiência e qualidade de vida do cuidador familiar principal

This is a descriptive study about the "knowledge" the family caretaker family doings' who looks after the disabled person before and during the rehabilitation. The purpose of the work is characterize the main family caretaker and the care developed before the rehabilitation program, wich takes three months of orientation and training given by healthy professionals with the purpose of a continuing rehabilitation care at home. The sample was formed by ten main family whose caretakers were detected to be women mothers. The carried out cares are directly related to the incapacities presented according to the Scale FIM. The smaller person's ponctuation with disability in the Scale FIM, the more dependent they are of the caretaker. The instructions and trainings given to the caretaker and to the disable during the rehabilitaion program, are related to the autonomy and decision of this person and the life quality of the head family caretaker