ABSTRACT
O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a percepção da paternidade na perspectiva de homens que cuidam de seus filhos enquanto suas mulheres trabalham fora de casa. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa para a qual as informações foram coletadas através de entrevista semidirigida realizada com quatro homens cuidadores principais de seus filhos. Para análise dos dados, as falas dos participantes foram colocadas em categorias e analisadas à luz da psicanálise, bem como de autores que dialogam com suas ideias. Como resultado constatou-se que diante de tais modificações que a sociedade vivencia, o desafio de ser pai é ainda mais acentuado, visto que devido às mudanças sociais e históricas, atualmente, uma parcela cada vez mais significativa de pais não ocupa o lugar de apenas provedor/autoridade fálica, como antes, mas também de educador. Tal situação tende ainda a gerar situações de angústia de perda do lugar, levando estes pais à necessidade de ressignificar sua posição, rever também suas funções. Ou seja, de um "regrador" tende a acentuar características relacionadas à de um parceiro, de um "provedor" passa a assumir o papel de educador, necessitando, frente a esse novo contexto, dar conta de aprender com os novos valores que o filho poderá vir a passá-lo.
The aim of this study was to analyze the perception of paternity from the perspective of men who care for their children while their women work outside the home. This is a qualitative research for which the information was collected through a semi-directed interview conducted with four men main caregivers of their children. To analyze the data, the participants' speeches were placed in categories and analyzed in the light of the psychoanalysis, as well as authors who dialogued with their ideas. As a result, it was found that faced with such changes that the society experiences, the challenge of being a father is even more marked, since due to the social and historical changes, nowadays, an increasingly significant portion of parents does not occupy the place of only provider / Phallic authority, as before, but also as an educator. This situation also tends to create situations of anguish of loss of place, leading these parents to the need to re-signify their position, also to review their functions. That is, a "rule provider" tends to accentuate characteristics related to that of a partner, from a "provider" to assume the role of educator, needing, in front of this new context, to deal with learning with the new values that the Son may come to pass it.
El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la percepción de la paternidad en la perspectiva de hombres que cuidan a sus hijos mientras sus mujeres trabajan fuera de casa. Se trata de una investigación cualitativa para la cual las informaciones fueron recolectadas a través de una entrevista semidirigida realizada con cuatro hombres cuidadores principales de sus hijos. Para el análisis de los datos, las palabras de los participantes fueron colocadas en categorías y analizadas a la luz del psicoanálisis, así como de autores que dialogan con sus ideas. Como resultado se constató que ante estas modificaciones que la sociedad vive, el desafío de ser padre es aún más acentuado, ya que debido a los cambios sociales e históricos, actualmente, una parte cada vez más significativa de padres no ocupa el lugar de sólo proveedor / autoridad fálica, como antes, pero también de educador. Tal situación tiende a generar situaciones de angustia de pérdida del lugar, llevando a estos padres a la necesidad de resignificar su posición, revisar también sus funciones. Es decir, de un "regrador" tiende a acentuar características relacionadas a la de un socio, de un "proveedor" pasa a asumir el papel de educador, necesitando, frente a ese nuevo contexto, dar cuenta de aprender con los nuevos valores que el hijo puede pasarlo.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Paternal Behavior , Paternity , Women, WorkingABSTRACT
Objective: To determine nurses’ and care workers’ role in caring for the dying on wards for recuperation under health insurance. Methods: The analysis was performed using semi-structured interviews involving 9 nurses and care workers working on wards for recuperation under health insurance and having experience of caring for dying patients. Results: As for nurses’ roles in caring for dying patients, 6 categories were extracted, including ‘support patients’ families to have a feeling that they were fully involved in the process of dying’. As for care workers’ roles in caring for dying patients, 5 categories were extracted, including ‘support nurse through the care worker activities’. Conclusion: In order to provide quality care for the dying, it is important to put the following points into practice: providing feedback and seculity on effects of daily life support, the provision of opportunities to enhance the independence of the care worker.
ABSTRACT
Objetivo: El propósito de esta investigación es describir la experiencia de ser cuidador de una persona en situación de enfermedad crónica después de recibir una capacitación. Metodología: El tipo de diseño fue cualitativo, tipo teoría fundamentada, a fin de enriquecer y fortalecer el cuidado de enfermería a partir de la comprensión de la realidad de la persona. La saturación teórica de la información se llevó a cabo después de realizar entrevistas a profundad a 11 informantes. Resultados y Discusión: Durante el proceso de análisis de la información se tuvo en cuenta varias etapas, como la identificación de códigos, la conceptualización de las categorías derivadas de los mismos, la identificación de la variable central, para finalmente realizar la validaron de los resultados obtenidos entre los participantes y el asesor externo. Conclusiones: El desarrollo de estos pasos permitió identificar que la experiencia de cuidado se vive en tres fases que se relacionan entre sí y hacen referencia al proceso desarrollado por el cuidador durante su participación en el programa; este proceso se inicia con una exploración y contacto, continúa con una situación de comprensión y progreso, para finalmente experimentar cambios y nuevos retos que emprender.
Objective: The purpose of this research is to describe the experience of being a caregiver of a person in a situation of chronic disease after receiving training. Methodology: The type of design was qualitative grounded theory type, in order to enrich and strengthen the nursing care from understanding the reality of the person. Theoretical saturation of information was carried out after performing depth interviews with 11 informants. Result and Discussion: During the process of data analysis took into account several stages as the identification code, the conceptualization of categories derived from them, the identification of the central variable to finally make the results validated between participants and the external consultant. Conclusion: The development of these steps allowed us to identify the care experience is lived in three phases which are interrelated and refer to the process developed by the caregiver while participating in the program, this process begins with an exploration and contact, a situation of understanding and progress to finally undergo change and new challenges to undertake.
ABSTRACT
Este trabalho descreve os aspectos político-sociais que envolveram a reforma da assistência psiquiátrica, enfocando o processo de desinstitucionalização e a importância da enfermagem além de constituinte da equipe interdisciplinar. Objetiva analisar o processo de assistência de enfermagem ao doente mental em serviços externos ao hospital. Constitui-se de revisão bibliográfica em periódicos nacionais no período de 1999 a 2001. As autoras discutem sobre o comprometimento dos trabalhadores na área de saúde mental, com a "desconstrução"/construção a cerca do cuidado, fazendo-se necessária uma abordagem humanizada por meio do relacionamento interpessoal de pacientes, enfermeiros e as equipes responsáveis pela assistência ao doente mental.
This study describes the sociopolitical aspects that involved the psychiatric assistance reform, focusing the deinstitutionalization process and the importance of nursing beyond a component of the interdisciplinary team. It aims to analyze the process of nursing assistance to the mentally sick in services outside the hospital. It is a bibliographical review of national periodicals from 1999 to 2001. The authors discuss workers' engagement in the area of mental health, with the "deconstruction"/construction about care, making necessary a humanized approach by way of the interpersonal relationship of patients, nurses and the teams responsible for giving assistance to the mentally sick.
Este trabajo describe los aspectos político-sociales que involucraron la reforma de la asistencia psiquiátrica, enfocando el proceso de desinstitucionalización y la importancia de la enfermería además de constituyente del equipo interdisciplinar. Objetiva analizar el proceso de asistencia de enfermería al enfermo mental en servicios externos al hospital. Se constituye de revisión bibliográfica en periódicos nacionales en el período de 1999 a 2001. Las autoras discuten sobre el compromiso de los trabajadores en el área de salud mental, con la "desconstrucción"/construcción acerca del cuidado, haciéndose necesario un abordaje humanizado por medio de la relación interpersonal de pacientes, enfermeros y los equipos responsables por la asistencia al enfermo mental.
Subject(s)
Humans , Community Mental Health Services/organization & administration , Deinstitutionalization , Mental Disorders/nursing , Psychiatric Nursing , Community Mental Health Services/standards , Health Care Reform , Mental HealthABSTRACT
Currently, psychosocial stressors’ impacts on health are increasing. Among these stressors, this review focused on inter-human relationships. Since social supports could be protective against ill health, consequences contributing to psychosocial stressors are discussed here in relation to social supports for each stage of childhood, adulthood and elderly status. For childhood, parental divorce/isolation, and child abuse/neglect appeared to be determinants of healthy development at either the initial or later stages. According to prospective studies, such stressors, especially those occurring until around 3 years of age, were associated with later adverse life quality in adulthood. Therefore, nationwide preventive strategies were developed in each country to monitor protective social programs. For adulthood, job strain was focused on Karasek’s job strain model, effort-reward imbalance, employment grade and working hours. These psychosocial stressors were shown to affect not only the physical health but also the mental health of working people. These days, since Karoshi and even suicide related to excessive workloads are taking a toll on workplace organization, stress-coping abilities such as a sense of coherence were introduced from the individual-social interaction aspect. For elderly status, retirement, caring for the elderly, and spouse bereavement were discussed as psychosocial stressors. Some evidence indicates that these stressors could be determinants of health. Finally, social supports have been demonstrated to promote health and protect the elderly against diseases and death.
Subject(s)
Health , AgedABSTRACT
Currently, psychosocial stressors' impacts on health are increasing. Among these stressors, this review focused on inter-human relationships. Since social supports could be protective against ill health, consequences contributing to psychosocial stressors are discussed here in relation to social supports for each stage of childhood, adulthood and elderly status.For childhood, parental divorce/isolation, and child abuse/neglect appeared to be determinants of healthy development at either the initial or later stages. According to prospective studies, such stressors, especially those occurring until around 3 years of age, were associated with later adverse life quality in adulthood. Therefore, nationwide preventive strategies were developed in each country to monitor protective social programs.For adulthood, job strain was focused on Karasek's job strain model, effort-reward imbalance, employment grade and working hours. These psychosocial stressors were shown to affect not only the physical health but also the mental health of working people. These days, since Karoshi and even suicide related to excessive workloads are taking a toll on workplace organization, stress-coping abilities such as a sense of coherence were introduced from the individual-social interaction aspect.For elderly status, retirement, caring for the elderly, and spouse bereavement were discussed as psychosocial stressors. Some evidence indicates that these stressors could be determiants of health. Finally, social supports have been demonstrated to promote health and protect the elderly against diseases and death.
ABSTRACT
This paper reflects on the rapid development of ART from the aspects of birth and marriage separation,the strike on the traditional family model and the trend of commercialization,and points out the positive significance of ART technology for female caring.