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Objective@#To investigate the potential caries prevention mechanism of the Xinjiang Mori cortex and to analyze its effect on the main cariogenic bacteria.@*Methods@#The active components of the Xinjiang Mori cortex and the main targets were predicted and screened using the TCMSP database. The GeneCards, DisGENET and TTD databases were used to obtain caries-related targets. The common targets were derived, and core genes were screened. The enrichment analysis was performed using the DAVID data platform. Molecular docking was performed using AutoDock software. In in vitro antibacterial experiments, first, the 50% minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC50) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the Xinjiang Mori Cortex extract against Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguis and Actinomyces viscosus were determined and the growth curves were measured. The effects of the Xinjiang Mori Cortex extract on acid production, polysaccharide production and adhesion ability of Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguis and Actinomyces viscosus in the planktonic state were determined. The 50% minimum biofilm inhibition concentration (MBIC50) and 50% minimum biofilm reduction concentration (MBRC50) were determined by crystal violet staining, and biofilm morphology was visualized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).@*Results@#The main active components of the Xinjiang Mori cortex included quercetin, kaempferol, and β-sitosterol. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) could be the most important targets of the Xinjiang Mori cortex for the prevention of dental caries. The enrichment analysis results showed that Mori cortex extract may have effects on the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway, IL-17 signaling pathway, and TNF signaling pathway. The antibacterial experiment results showed that the MIC50 values of Xinjiang Mori Cortex extract against Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguis and Actinomyces viscosus were 0.5, 0.5 and 0.25 mg/mL, respectively, and the MBCs were 4.0, 2.0 and 1.0 mg/mL, respectively. The inhibitory effect of Xinjiang Mori Cortex extract on the acid production, polysaccharide production and adhesion ability of three major cariogenic bacteria in the planktonic state was stronger than that of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The MBIC50 was 1.0, 1.0, and 0.5 mg/mL, and the MBRC50 was 4.0, 4.0, and 2.0 mg/mL. SEM observation showed that the amount of biofilm formation decreased with the drug concentration compared with the control group.@*Conclusion@#Xinjiang Mori cortex extract can prevent caries through quercetin, kaempferol, and β-sitosterol active ingredients, TNF、IL-6、IL-1β key targets and multiple pathways and inhibit the growth, acid production, polysaccharide production, and adhesion ability of three major cariogenic bacteria in the planktonic state and has some inhibitory effect on corticogenic biofilm formation.
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@#Antimicrobial peptides have antibacterial effects on various pathogenic microorganisms, including natural antimicrobial peptides and synthetic antimicrobial peptides. According to the structure of natural antimicrobial peptides, synthetic antimicrobial peptides can be obtained by recombining different functional domains, adjusting the original amino acid sequence, or completely redesigning the peptides from scratch. Antimicrobial peptides can inhibit the growth of various cariogenic microorganisms and the formation of microbial biofilms. They also reduce acid production and acid resistance of microorganisms. Natural antimicrobial peptide genes can be used as genetic susceptibility markers for predicting the development of caries, thus, showing potential applications in the prevention and treatment of dental caries. The instability of natural antimicrobial peptides and the inability to achieve targeted sustained release limit their application in the prevention and treatment of oral caries. Synthetic antimicrobial peptides can enhance their stability and the antibacterial effect. Synthetic antimicrobial peptides can also be polymerized with common oral adhesives to reduce the incidence of microleakage after filling treatment for caries and to prevent the occurrence of secondary caries. The pH-sensitive antimicrobial peptides are slowly released to promote remineralization in the process of caries. However, the safety and biocompatibility of synthetic antimicrobial peptides are worse than those of natural antimicrobial peptides. Moreover, the combined effect of antibacterial peptides and anticaries drugs, such as fluoride, is still uncertain. Therefore, in this paper, we will review the design methods, application and underlying mechanisms of antimicrobial peptides to introduce novel methods and ideas for the prevention and treatment of dental caries.
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El blanqueamiento dental está considerado como pieza fundamental en el embellecimiento de los seres humanos, ya que permite la restauración de la "sonrisa perfecta". Este proceso en sí, es poco invasivo y juega como un gran papel como aliado en la restauración satisfactoria de la sonrisa y autoestima del paciente. Es un procedimiento que debe ser aplicado cuidadosamente para lograr los efectos positivos del mismo. El fundamento de esta técnica es aclarar la tonalidad que han sufrido los dientes por diversos factores: extrinsecos, intrínsecos y decoloraciones internas. Durante el procedimiento, es usual el uso de peróxido de hidrógeno (H2O2) en concentraciones que van del 10 al 32 % en volumen o el peróxido de carbamida, un compuesto conformado por peróxido de hidrógeno y urea concentraciones del 10 al 22 %. El uso de peróxido de hidrógeno se lleva a cabo fundamentalmente en los consultorios, mientras que el uso del peróxido de carbamida es un procedimiento doméstico. A pesar de los excelentes resultados que se obtiene al usar ambos blanqueadores, su uso puede ocasionar erosiones dentales y sensibilidad dentaria. El primer caso, puede llevar a la adherencia de bacterias cariogénicas como el Strepctococus mutans responsable de caries. Los resultados obtenidos, demostraron que el peróxido de hidrógeno es un agente más agresivo que el peróxido de carbamida, lo cual origina mayor sensibilidad dentaria y un mayor control bacteriano; en cambio el peróxido de carbamida fue mejor blanqueador y originó menor sensibilidad dental(AU)
Tooth whitening is considered a fundamental piece in the beautification of human beings, since it allows the restoration of the "perfect smile". This process itself is minimally invasive and plays a great role as an ally in the satisfactory restoration of the patient's smile and self-esteem. It is a procedure that must be carefully applied to achieve its positive effects. The basis of this technique is to clarify the shade that the teeth have suffered due to various factors: extrinsic, intrinsic and internal discoloration. During the procedure, the use of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in concentrations ranging from 10 to 32% by volume or carbamide peroxide, a compound made up of hydrogen peroxide and urea concentrations of 10 to 22%, is usual. The use of hydrogen peroxide is mainly carried out in offices, while the use of carbamide peroxide is a home procedure. Despite the excellent results obtained by using both whiteners, their use can cause dental erosion and tooth sensitivity. The first case can lead to the adherence of cariogenic bacteria such as Streptococcus mutans responsible for caries. The results obtained showed that hydrogen peroxide is a more aggressive agent than carbamide peroxide, which causes greater dental sensitivity and greater bacterial control; On the other hand, carbamide peroxide was a better whitener and caused less dental sensitivity(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Tooth Bleaching , Dental Plaque , Bleaching Agents , Sensitivity and Specificity , Dental Caries , Carbamide Peroxide , Hydrogen PeroxideABSTRACT
Background: The oral bacteria, mutans streptococci (MS), are an etiological agent of dental caries. Of MS, Streptococcus downei are rarely isolated bacteria. Aim: The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize S. downei from caries-active subjects. Materials and Methods: In all, 65 dental plaque samples were collected from dental caries-active subjects. All the isolates were further identified and characterized using 16S rDNA sequencing, biochemical tests, antibiogram, and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Results: Five isolates have been identified as S. downei using 16S rDNA sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis showed that S. downei was closely related to S. sobrinus. The biotype traits of these five isolates were IV (n = 3), V (n = 1), and variants (n = 2). The study proposed one new biotype, classified as biotype VIII for the variant strain. The antibiogram tests revealed that all the strains of S. downei were susceptible to all the antibiotics used in the study with higher sensitivity to penicillin and ampicillin. The MIC of ampicillin and erythromycin against S. downei was 0.047 and 0.39 μg/mL, respectively. Conclusion: The study reports the prevalence of S. downei in caries-active subjects and recommends further investigations to determine its role in the disease.
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Polyphenon 60 refers to the mixture of catechins present in green tea. The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activities of polyphenon 60 against 4 strains of Streptococcus mutans and 2 strains of Streptococcus sorbrinus, which are the major causative bacteria of dental caries. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values of polyphenon 60 for S. mutans and S. sobrinus were determined and the effect of biofilm formation inhibition of that was evaluated. The MBC value of polyphenon 60 against the bacterial strains was 2.5 mg/ml except for one particular strain, S. mutans KCOM 1128 for which the value was 1.25 mg/ml. The results of biofilm formation inhibition assay revealed that polyphenon 60 inhibited biofilm formation more than 90% at a concentration of 2.5 mg/ml. It was apparent that polyphenon exhibited biofilm formation inhibition activity along with bactericidal effect against S. mutans and S. sobrinus. Therefore, it is proposed that polyphenon 60 as one of the components of bactericidal agents could be useful in developing oral hygiene products, toothpaste or gargling solution.
Subject(s)
Bacteria , Biofilms , Catechin , Dental Caries , Oral Hygiene , Streptococcus mutans , Streptococcus sobrinus , Streptococcus , Tea , ToothpastesABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Abnormal multiplication of oral bacteria causes dental caries and dental plaque. These diseases continue to be major public health concerns worldwide, mainly in developing countries. In this study, the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Vitex agnus-castus leaves (VAC‒EO) collected in the North of Brazil against a representative panel of cariogenic bacteria were investigated. The antimicrobial activity of VAC-EO was evaluated in terms of its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values by using the broth microdilution method in 96-well microplates. The chemical constituents of VAC-EO were identified by gas chromatography (GC‒FID) and gas chromatography‒mass spectrometry (GC‒MS). VAC‒EO displayed some activity against all the investigated oral pathogens; MIC values ranged from 15.6 to 200 μg/mL. VAC-EO had promising activity against Streptococcus mutans (MIC= 15.6 μg/mL), Lactobacillus casei (MIC= 15.6 μg/mL), and Streptococcus mitis (MIC= 31.2 μg/mL). The compounds 1,8-cineole (23.8%), (E)-β-farnesene (14.6%), (E)-caryophyllene (12.5%), sabinene (11.4%), and α-terpinyl acetate (7.7%) were the major chemical constituents of VAC‒EO. VAC-EO displays antimicrobial activity against cariogenic bacteria. The efficacy of VAC-EO against S. mutans is noteworthy and should be further investigated.
Subject(s)
Sesquiterpenes/pharmacology , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Lamiaceae/chemistry , Vitex/chemistry , Dental Caries/drug therapy , Lacticaseibacillus casei/drug effects , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Plants, Medicinal , Sesquiterpenes/classification , Streptococcus mutans , Brazil , Oils, Volatile/isolation & purification , Oils, Volatile/pharmacology , Polycyclic Sesquiterpenes , Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry , Anti-Bacterial Agents/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
Objective: To evaluate the antibacterial activity of Cinnamomum verum (C. verum) from 32 different essential oils against cariogenic bacteria, Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and Streptococcus sobrinus (S. sobrinus). Methods: The antibacterial activities of each essential oil were individually investigated against S. mutans and S. sobrinus. The essential oil of C. verum was selected for further evaluation against S. mutans and S. sobrinus. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry was used to determine the major constituents of C. verum essential oil. In addition, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration of the most effective constituent was investigated. Results: The essential oil from C. verum exhibited the greatest antibacterial activity. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the major components of C. verum essential oil were cinnamaldehyde (56.3%), cinnamyl acetate (7.1%) and β-phellandrene (6.3%). The MIC of cinnamaldehyde was measured using broth dilution assays. The MIC of cinnamaldehyde was 0.02% (v/v) against both bacterial strains tested. The minimum bactericidal concentration of cinnamaldehyde against S. mutans and S. sobrinus were 0.2% and 0.1% (v/v), respectively. Conclusions: The essential oil of C. verum and its major component cinnamaldehyde possessed considerable in vitro antibacterial activities against cariogenic bacteria, S. mutans and S. sobrinus strains. These results showed that the essential oil of C. verum and its bioactive component, cinnamaldehyde, have potential for application as natural agents for the prevention and treatment of dental caries.
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In Brazilian folk medicine, Tetradenia riparia (Hochst.) Codd. (Lamiaceae) is used to treat toothaches and dental abscesses and diseases induced by worms, bacteria, or fungi. This paper aims to investigate the chemical composition and the antibacterial effects of the essential oil obtained from Tetradenia riparia leaves (TR-EO) grown in Southeastern Brazil against a representative panel of oral pathogens. We evaluated the antibacterial activity of TR-EO in terms of the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). We identified aromadendrene oxide (14.0%), (E,E)-farnesol (13.6%), dronabinol (12.5%), and fenchone (6.2%) as the major constituents of TR-EO. TR-EO displayed MIC values between 31.2 and 500 μg/mL, with the lowest MIC value being obtained against Streptococcus mitis (31.2 μg/mL), S. mutans (62.5 μg/mL), S. sobrinus (31.2 μg/mL), and Lactobacillus casei (62.5 μg/mL). In time-kill experiments, TR-EO demonstrated bactericidal activity against S. mutans within the first 12 h, resulting in a curve profile similar to that of chlorhexidine. These results revealed that the essential oil of Tetradenia riparia displays promising activity against most of the selected cariogenic bacteria, including Streptococcus mutans.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Lacticaseibacillus casei/drug effects , Lamiaceae/chemistry , Oils, Volatile/chemistry , Oils, Volatile/pharmacology , Streptococcus/drug effects , Anti-Bacterial Agents/isolation & purification , Brazil , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Oils, Volatile/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
Objective Searching for natural anticariogenic agent has become a focus at home and abroad.The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Yili dark bee propolis on the main cariogenic bacteria . Methods ①The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Yili dark bee propolis on oral common cariogenic bacteria was detected by the liquid diffusion method.②The four different con-centrations lower than MIC were used to confect culture media with pH 7.0 and the normal culture media was used as control group .The pH and the changes of pH (ΔpH) were evaluated to detect the effect of Yili dark bee propolis on acid producing ability of tested bacteria .③The effects of propolis on extracellular polysaccharides synthesis of S.mutans and A.viscosus were evaluated by anthrone method. Results①The MIC of Yili dark bee propolis on S.mutans, S.sobrinus, S.sanguis, L.acidophilus, A.viscosus and A.naeslundii were 0.78, 0.39, 1.56, 0.39, 0.2, 0.2 mg/mL, respectively.The minimum bactericidal concentrations were 1.56, 0.78, 3.125, 0.78, 0.39 and 0.39 mg/mL.②The propolis could decrease theΔpH of tested bacteria, and the differences between propolis groups and control group were statis-tically significant (P<0.05).③The propolis could reduce the ability of S.m and A.viscosus synthtic extracellular polysaccharides at MIC, and the differences were significant (P<0.05). Conclusion Yili propolis could inhibit the growth, acid producing ability and polysac-charides synthesis of the main cariogenic bacteria to some extent, and it could be deemed as a natural anticariogenic agent.
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Objective: To determine the inhibitory effects of maltitol-gum on Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacilli and Actinomyces viscosus in dental plaque. Methods: Thirty 13-15 years old children with DMFS>4 were divided into three groups, maltitol chewing gums group(A group), xylitol chewing gum group(B group) and blank gum base group (C group). The plaque samples were collected and colony forming units were counted. Results: The levels of three-species cariogenic pathogens in three groups were statistically down-regulated when compared with the baseline(P<0.001).Moreover, A group and B group resulted in a higher decrease of Streptococcus mutans levels compare with C group(P<0.05). The levels of Lactobacilli and Actinomyces viscosus were not statistically different between groups(P>0.05). Conclusion: Maltitol-gum can lead to a significant suppression on Streptococcus mutans levels in dental plaque,while the inhibitory effect of the maltitol-gum on Lactobacilli, Actinomyces viscosus is not obvious.
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This study examined the prevalence of oral microbes in the saliva of oncological patients and healthy subjects. PCR was used to assess the frequency of oral microbes including 3 cariogenic bacteria, 5 periodontopathic bacteria and 4 Candida species in the saliva of 104 oncological patients and 52 healthy subjects. Among these microorganims, Streptococcus mutans, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Candida albicans were most frequently detected in both groups. There were no significant differences in the prevalence of cariogenic bacteria between the patient and healthy groups, whereas significant differences in the frequency of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia were observed between the two groups (p < 0.05). The prevalence of all five periodontopathogens was higher in the healthy group than in the patient group. The prevalence of C. albicans in patients was significantly higher than that of healthy group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, there were significant differences in the prevalence of P. gingivalis, T. forsythia and C. albicans between the oncological patient group and healthy group.
Subject(s)
Humans , Bacteria , Candida , Candida albicans , Forsythia , Fusobacterium nucleatum , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Porphyromonas gingivalis , Prevalence , Saliva , Streptococcus mutansABSTRACT
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a atividade antibacteriana do óleo essencial produzido pela Baccharis dracunculifolia D.C. (Asteraceae), frente aos microrganismos cariogênicos Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 2575); S. sobrinus (ATCC 27607); S. sanguis (ATCC 10557) e Lactobacillus casei (ATCC 4646). Empregou-se a técnica de Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM); sendo que cada linhagem bacteriana foi reativada em caldo Tryptic Soy Broth, incubada a 37o C por 24 horas em microaerofilia e semeadas em meio de cultura Ágar Mueller Hintõn pela técnica de inundação. O óleo essencial foi empregado em concentrações de 100% a 0,19% e os halos de inibição mensurados. Verificou-se, na linhagem S. mutans, uma CIM de 6,25%. Para as linhagens S. sanguis e S. sobrinus, as CIMs observadas foram de 1,56%. Em relação ao L. casei, a CIM obtida foi de 3,12%. Com esses resultados podemos concluir que o óleo essencial produzido por B. dracunculifolia é capaz de inibir o crescimento das cepas bacterianas avaliadas.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the essential oil produced by the Baccharis dracunculifolia D. C. (Asteraceae) towards the cariogenic microorganisms: Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 2575); S. sobrinus (ATCC27607); S. sanguis (ATCC 10557) and L. casei (ATCC 4646). The technique used was the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) Each bacterium branch was reactivated in Tryptic Soy Broth, incubated in 37º C for 24 hours in Ágar Mueller Hintön culture. The essential oil was used from 100 % to 0.19 % concentration and the inhibition halo was measured. It was verifi ed that the S. mutans branch presented 6.25 % MIC. The S. sanguis and S. sobrinus presented 1.56 % MIC. The MIC was 3.12 % for the L. casei. We concluded that the essential oil produced by the B. dracunculifolia inhibits the growth of the bacteria evaluated.
Subject(s)
Oils , Cariogenic Agents , Dracunculiasis , Anti-Bacterial AgentsABSTRACT
Pg.The adherence activity of periodontal pathogens to HA was enhanced by Ss and Av.When cultivated with Sm,the adherence activity of Pg was reduced.Periodontal pathogens had no effect on the adherence activity of Sm and Av,and Ss excepted. Conclusion The adherence activity of periodontal pathogens is lower than that of cariogenic bacteria.Periodontal pathogens can utilize early-attached bacteria to become those predominant bacteria in periodontal ecosystem.
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8).The amount of the targeted microorganisms(Streptococcus mutans,Streptococcus sobrinus,Actinomyces viscosus and Actinomyces naeslundii) and the total number of bacterial cells were determined by real-time PCR based on SYBR-Green I fluorescence.Results The percentages of the four targeted bacteria in high-caries group were significantly higher than those in caries-free group(P