ABSTRACT
Abstract Tucupi is a fermented liquid obtained from cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz), very much appreciated by the traditional cuisine of Northern Brazil. However, there are no scientific reports on its use in the formulation of products. Thus, the present study aimed to elaborate a powdered condiment with tucupi, as well as to assess the product's sensory acceptability and its hygroscopic behavior. The powdered tucupi used in the formulation of the condiment was obtained by drying in a spray dryer. The product underwent sensory evaluation for its acceptability regarding the attributes of color, aroma, flavor, and overall impression and a purchase intention test was applied by hedonic scale. The acceptability index was 80% for overall impression and the purchase intention test indicated that 94% of the judges would be willing to buy the product. The product's moisture sorption isotherms presented type-II behavior for adsorption and type-III for desorption, at 25 °C. The hygroscopic behavior indicated that the product is more susceptible to spoilage changes when stored in an environment with relative humidity above 60% and the Peleg model showed an excellent performance on predicting the product's moisture sorption isotherms.
ABSTRACT
The performance of an anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) was evaluated in the treatment of cassava wastewater, a pollutant residue. An ABR divided in four equal volume compartments (total volume 4L) and operated at 35ºC was used in cassava wastewater treatment. Feed tank chemical oxygen demand (COD) was varied from 2000 to 7000 mg L-1 and it was evaluated the most appropriated hydraulic retention time (HRT) for the best performance on COD removal. The ABR was evaluated by analysis of COD (colorimetric method), pH, turbidity, total and volatile solids, alkalinity and acidity. Principal component analysis (PCA) was carried to better understand data obtained. The system showed buffering ability as acidity decreased along compartments while alkalinity and pH values were increased. There was particulate material retention and COD removal varied from 83 to 92% for HRT of 3.5 days.
O desempenho de um reator anaeróbio compartimentado (RAC) foi avaliado para o tratamento da manipueira, resíduo tóxico. Um RAC dividido em quatro compartimentos de mesmo volume (volume total 4L) e operado a 35ºC foi utilizado no tratamento da manipueira. A demanda química de oxigênio (DQO) do tanque de alimentação variou de 2000 a 7000 mg L-1 e avaliou-se o tempo de residência hidráulica (TRH) mais apropriado ao melhor desempenho do reator. O RAC foi avaliado pelas análises de DQO (método colorimétrico), pH, turbidez, sólidos totais e voláteis, alcalinidade e acidez. A Análise das Componentes Principais (PCA) foi conduzida para melhor compreensão dos dados obtidos. O sistema apresentou capacidade tamponante conforme a acidez decresceu ao longo dos compartimentos ao passo que a alcalinidade e o pH aumentaram. Houve retenção do material particulado e a remoção da DQO variou de 83 a 92% para TRH de 3,5 dias.
Subject(s)
Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis/analysis , Anaerobic Digestion/analysis , Upflow Anaerobic Reactors/analysis , Toxic Wastes/analysis , Colorimetry/methods , Methods , MethodsABSTRACT
Biosurfactant production by some bacterial isolates using molasses, milk whey and cassava flour wastewater (manipueira) as substrates was evaluated and compared with the production in conventional medium. Isolates growing in manipueira medium decreased the surface tension around 42%, the highest reduction among all the substrates tested. From the eleven isolates tested, eight were able to decrease the surface tension to levels below 30 mN/m using manipueira as substrate. The isolates LB5a, LB2a, LB262, LBB and LB1a that gave surface tension about 26 mN/m were identified as Bacillus sp. Natural manipueira (high solids content) and decanted manipueira (no solids) were investigated as culture media for biosurfactant production by selected microorganisms. Natural manipueira medium showed minimum surface tension of 28 mN/m (LB5a isolate) whereas for decanted manipueira the lowest value was 26 mN/m (isolate LB2a). Average diameter of growth on manipueira agar was 7.2 cm for isolate LB5a suggesting a high growth capacity on this substrate. Manipueira comprises a potential alternative culture medium for biosurfactant production by the selected isolates.
Alguns isolados bacterianos foram avaliados quanto à capacidade de produção de biossurfatantes a partir de melaço, soro de leite e manipueira como substratos. A produção nestes meios alternativos foi comparada com a produção em meio de cultura convencional. Dentre os meios testados, a manipueira demonstrou a maior percentagem de redução na tensão superficial atingindo valores ao redor de 42%. Dos onze isolados testados, oito foram capazes de diminuir a tensão superficial para níveis inferiores à 30mN/m utilizando manipueira como substrato. Os isolados LB 5a, LB2a, LB262, LBB e LB1a apresentaram tensão superficial em torno de 26 mN/m sendo selecionados e posteriormente identificados como pertencentes ao gênero Bacillus sp. A manipueira natural (alto teor de sólidos) e a manipueira decantada (ausência de sólidos) foram investigadas como meios de cultivo para produção de biossurfatantes pelos microrganismos selecionados. O meio de manipueira natural apresentou tensão superficial minima de 28 mN/m (isolado LB5a) enquanto que o meio de manipueira decantada apresentou tensão superficial mínima de 26 mN/m (isolado LB2a). O diâmetro de crescimento médio do isolado LB5a em ágar manipueira foi de 7.2 cm sugerindo maior capacidade de crescimento neste substrato. A manipueira demonstrou potencial como meio de cultura alternativo para a produção de biossurfatantes pelos isolados selecionados.