Evaluation of effect of recasting of nickel‑chromium alloy on its castability using different investment materials: An in vitro study.

Context: Castability has been found to be affected by many aspects of the entire casting system. Very few references in dental literature are available regarding recasting of the base metal alloys. Aims: To evaluate and compare the castability of fresh and reused nickel‑chromium alloy and to evaluate the effect of two brands of investment materials on castability of nickel‑chromium alloy. Subjects and Methods: For the experimental purpose of evaluation of the effect of recasting of nickel‑chromium alloy on its castability, different percentages of new and casted alloy (Nickel‑chromium alloy‑(Wirolloy NB, Type 4 (Ni‑67%; Cr‑25%; Mo‑5%; Si‑1.5%; Mn, Nb, B, C each <1%) and two commercial brands of investment materials namely, Deguvest Impact (Degudent; Dentsply Germany) and Bellavest SH (Degudent; Dentsply Germany) was used to obtain 30 samples. Castability value was obtained using Whitlock’s formula. Student t-test and one way ANOVA using SPSS 20.0 software was done. Results: The results of this study confirm earlier works that demonstrate that there is no significant difference in castability values of new and recast alloys. In addition, it also demonstrated, there was no difference in castability using Deguvest Impact and Bellavest SH investment materials. Conclusions: Within the limitations of the study, it was concluded that there was no significant difference found in castability of different percentage combinations of new and once casted alloy using two investment materials. The addition of new alloy during recasting to maintain the castability of nickel‑chromium alloy may therefore not be required.

Effect of different pattern size and pattern shape on castability of commercially pure titanium / 대한치과보철학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of geometrically different wax pattern shapes and sizes on the castability of Grade2 Cp-Ti (commercially pure titanium). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Total of 40 mesh wax pattern (61 mm x 24 mm, 207 grids), (61 mm x 17 mm, 138 grids) was cast in this experiment. Depending on the geometrical shape of the wax pattern, 8 groups was organized; Flat, Semicircular, Horse-shoe and V-shape, each consisting 5 samples. Runner-bar sprue was used in all patterns. The number of completely cast grid in wax pattern served as a measure for the castability of comercially pure titanium. RESULTS: The mean value of square count in each group was as followed; 133.20 squares in group SS (96.52%), 132.40 squares in group SH (95.94%), 132.00 squares in group SF (95.65%), 127.60 squares in SV (91.43%), 198.60 squares in group LF (95.94%), 197.80 squares in group LV (95.56%), 196.40 squares in group LS (94.88%), and 188.00 squares in group LH (90.82%). CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of this study the results indicate that there were no sttistically significant difference in castability of titanium regarding wax pattern shape (P>.05). However, Small size wax patterns were showing the noticeable castability more than Large size pattern.

Evaluation and comparison of castability between an indigenous and imported Ni-Cr alloy.

Context: Since 1907 casting restorations have been in use in dentistry. Numerous companies have been manufacturing and marketing base metal alloys. Gold was a major component of casting alloys. But alloys with less than 65% gold tarnished easily and the increase in cost of gold post-1970s lead to the revival of base metal alloys such as nickel-chromium and cobalt-chromium alloys which were in use since 1930s. Aim: This study was conducted to evaluate and compare the castability between an indigenous alloy and an imported alloy, as imported base metal alloys are considered to be expensive for fabrication of crowns and bridges. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted to evaluate and compare the castability (for the accurate fabrication of crowns and bridges) between an indigenous base metal alloy-Non-ferrous Materials Technology Development Centre (NFTDC), Hyderabad (Alloy A) -and an imported base metal alloys (Alloy B). Castability measurement was obtained by counting the number of completely formed line segments surrounding the 81 squares in the pattern and later calculating the percentage values. The percentage obtained was taken as the castability value for a particular base metal alloy. The percentage of castability was determined by counting only the number of completely cast segments in a perfect casting (81 × 2 = 162), and then multiplying the resulting fraction by 100 to give the percentage completeness. Statistical Analysis Used: The Student t-test was used. Results: When the castability of alloys A and B was compared, the calculated value was less than the tabular value (1.171 < 2.048) leading to the conclusion that castability between alloys A and B is insignificant. Therefore we conclude that both the alloys have the same castability. Conclusions: Using the above-mentioned materials and following the method to test castability, we were able to derive favorable results. As the results were satisfactory, we can conclude that the castability of the indigenous alloy is on par with the imported alloy.

Comparison of rigidity and castability in different designs of maxillary major titanium framework / 대한치과보철학회지

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Injuries along with discomfort may result on the oral mucosa when non-rigid material is used as the major connector in construction of RPD, since nonrigid major connectors transmit unstable forces throughout the appliance. Titanium which recently draws attention as a substitute of Co-Cr had a difficulty in fabricating due to high melting temperature, but the development of casting technique makes it possible to apply to the clinical case. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the rigidity and the castability of titanium upper major connector by design and make a comparison with Co-Cr major connectors which are widely used in clinical cases now. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Casting was done using CP-Ti(Grage 2)(Kobe still Co., Japan) for the experimental groups, and 4 various designs namely palatal strap, U-shaped bar, A-P strap, and complete palatal plate were casted and 5 of each designs were included in each group. For the experimental group, Universal testing machine (Model 4502;Instron, Canton, Mass) was used to apply vertical torsional force vertically to the horizontal plane of major connector. In the second experiment, Vertical compressive force was applied to the horizontal plane of major connector. As a comparative group, Co-Cr major connector was equally manufactured and underwent the same experimental procedures. Strain rate was measured after constant loading for one minute duration, and statistical analysis was done with SPSS ver.10.0 for WIN(SPSS. Inc. USA). From the one-way ANOVA and variance analysis (P=0.05), Scheffe's multiple comparison test implemented. RESULTS: 1. Least amount of strain was observed with complete palatal plate followed by A-P bar, palatal bar, and the U-shaped bar having most amount of strain. 2. In all designs of titanium major connector, less strain rate was observed under compressive loading than under torsional loading showing more resistance to lateral force. 3. For titanium major connector, less strain rate was observed when the force is applied to the first premolar area rather than to the second molar area indicating more strength with shorter length of lever. 4. In comparison of Co-Cr major connector with titanium major connector, palatal strap and U-shaped bar designs showed higher strength under torsional force that is statically significant, and under compressive force, no significant difference was observed expert for U-shaped bar. 5. In titanium major connector, complete palatal plate showed lowest success rate in casting when compared with the Co-Cr major connector. CONCLUSION: Above results prove that when using titanium for major connector, only with designs capable of generating rigidity can the major connector have almost equal amount of rigidity as Co-Cr major connector and show lower success rate in casting when compared with the Co-Cr major connector.

The effect of casting machine and investment on the castability of titanium / 대한치과보철학회지

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Despite of the recent development of the titanium casting system methods, the casting defects such as imperfect casting and internal porosity were frequently observed. PURPOSE: The purposes of this study were to compare and measure the castability, microhardness, and surface reaction between Grade 2 pure titanium and Ti-6Al-4V by casting these alloys from the different sprue design conditions. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Depending on the sprue designs and titanium alloys, 42 ready-made wax patterns were used. By analyzing the remodeling of the cast, internal porosity, microhardness, and titanium surface layer of SEM, there were several results we observed. RESULTS: 1. The measured castability of titanium were categorized in the ascending order: individual sprue group, runner bar group, and single group. This data are based on the statistically signigicant differences. 2. The castability of titanium has not showed the statistically significant differences among the alloys. However, CP-Ti groups were superior to Ti-6Al-4V groups by showing the noticeable castability. 3. The surface layers of the castings of all groups have showed 5 micrometer titanium oxide layers irrespective of sprue designs and titanium alloys. CONCLUSION: From the above study results, by fabricating the restorations from the centrifugal casting machine direct sprue designs revealed better castability. As we increased the number of sprues in the wax pattern, it revealed better castability. The castability of pure titanium rather than that of Ti-6Al-4V was remarkable. To fabricate the complex forms of the restorations, further researches on the efficient sprue designs and titanium alloys must be made.

Influência de sistemas de fusão na fluidez e desajuste cervical, de ligas à base de cobre / Influence of melting system in castability and cervical adaptation, in copper alloys

Há muitos anos, as restaurações metálicas fundidas com ligas de ouro vêm desempenhando grande função nos trabalhos restauradores em odontologia, porém a necessidade de substituição destas ligas, em função do seu alto custo, fez surgir no comércio odontológico ligas metálicas alternativas. Embora estas ligas estejam sendo bastante divulgadas, pouco se conhece sobre suas propriedades, principalmente quanto à fluidez e desajuste cervical. O propósito deste estudo foi verificar a fluidez e o desajuste cervical de duas ligas à base de cobre (Duracast MS Soft e Goldent LA), empregando-se os sistemas de fusão gás-ar, gás-oxigênio e resistência elétrica. Os corpos-de-prova para o ensaio de fluidez foram confeccionados empregando-se uma tela de poliéster, com 11x11 filamentos de 0,30 mm de espessura, fixada ao longo de dois de seus lados em fios de cera, com 2,4 mm de espessura, unidos em sua junção a um pino formador do conduto de alimentação. O valor da fluidez foi obtido pela porcentagem de segmentos da malha completados na peça resultante. Para a determinação do desajuste cervical, foi utilizado troquel metálicos em aço inoxidável, simulando preparo tipo coroa total. Os padrões foram obtidos com cera azul regular e incluídos em revestimento Cristobalite (Dentisply) e fundidos segundo os três sistemas de fundição citados. Constatada a integridade do corpo-de-prova, o mesmo foi jateado internamento com areia, e assentado sobre o troquel, sob carga de 9 kg, aplicada durante 1 minuto. O desajuste cervical foi determinado no perfilômetro em 4 pontos, previamente marcados no troquel. De posse dos resultados, foi possível concluir que, para o ensaio de fluidez, os dois sistemas de fusão, gás-oxigênio e resistência elétrica apresentaram resultados superiores àqueles obtidos pelos sistemas gás-ar e estatisticamente iguais entre si. No ensaio para verificar o desajuste cervical os melhores resultados foram conseguidos com o sistema gás-ar, sendo que os sistemas gás-oxigênio e resistência elétrica exibiram piores resultados e foram também estatisticamente iguais entre si. As duas ligas testadas tiveram comportamento semelhante estatisticamente tanto no ensaio de fluidez quanto no desajuste cervical

For many years, metal cast restorations mitle gold alloys have been used in Dentistry. However, the need of replacement of gold made alloys, due to their high price made available a great deal of alternative mettalic alloys at the dental market. Though these systems of alloys are being quite divulged, little is know about their properties, chiefly with regards to the castability and cervical misfit. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the castability and cervical misfit of two alloys (Duracast MS Soft and Goldent LA), according the melting casting method used (air-gas, oxigen-gas and eletric resistance). The specimens for the test of castability were made using poliester mesh screen, with 11x11 filaments 0,30 mm thick, fixed along two of its edges in wax bars 2,4 mm thick, with the sprue attached at their junction. The castability values were obtined by the percentage of completed segments of the resulting cast alloy screen. For determinatio of cervical misfit, a stainless steel die was used simulating a full crow preparation. The patterns were built with type C blue wax and invested in Cristobalite (Dentisply) investment, immediately after waxing. After critical examination the internal surface of the casting was blasted with sand and fitted to the die under a static load of 9 kg for 1 minute. The cervical misfit was determined as measured in a profile projector at 4 points. From the results it was possible to conclude that, for the castability test, both fusion systems, oxygen-gas and resistance eletrical, presented results statistically similar and superior to those obtained by the system air-gas. For the cervical adaptation test the best results were obtained witle the system air-gas. Oxyen-gas and eletrical resistance showed the worst results and were statistically similar. Both alloys tested presented the same behavior for both castability and cervical adaptation