ABSTRACT
Objetivo conhecer o impacto financeiro da infecção primária de corrente sanguínea para as organizações hospitalares. Método revisão integrativa desenvolvida nas bases de dados LILACS e EMBASE com MEDLINE, publicadas entre jun/2005 e jun/2015 com os descritores: cateteres venosos centrais, infecções relacionadas a cateter e custos e análises de custos. Resultados foram elencadas 13 publicações e houve predomínio de estudos de coorte retrospectiva, desenvolvidos na Europa ou Estados Unidos com pacientes críticos. O custo para um episódio de infecção variou de $24.090 até $34.544. Estudos europeus encontraram valores entre €16.814 e €29.909. A infecção aumentou os dias de internação entre 1,5 e 26 dias, e a mortalidade entre 1,8% e 34%. Conclusão as infecções relacionadas ao cateter representaram um custo elevado para as organizações hospitalares e, devido à discrepância entre os valores em diferentes países, há necessidade de avaliar o custo em cada realidade.
Objetivo conocer el impacto financiero de la infección primaria de corriente sanguínea para las organizaciones hospitalarias. Método revisión integradora desarrollada en las bases de datos LILACS y EMBASE con MEDLINE, publicadas entre jun/2005 y jun/2015 con los descriptores: catéteres venosos centrales, infecciones relacionadas a catéter y costos y análisis de costos. Resultados fueron listados 13 publicaciones y hubo predominio de estudios de cohorte retrospectiva, desarrollados en la Europa o Estados Unidos con pacientes críticos. El costo para un episodio de infección varió de $24.090 a $34.544. Estudios europeos encontraron valores entre €16.814 y €29.909. La infección aumentó los días de internación entre 1,5 y 26 días, y la mortalidad entre 1,8% y 34%. Conclusión las infecciones relacionadas al catéter representaron un costo elevado para las organizaciones hospitalarias y, debido a la discrepancia entre los valores en diferentes países, hay una necesidad de evaluar el costo en cada realidad.
Objective to know the financial impact of primary bloodstream infection for hospital organizations. Method integrative review carried out in the LILACS and EMBASE databases with MEDLINE, published between June 2005 and June 2015 with the descriptors: central venous catheters, catheter-related infections and costs and cost analyses. Results thirteen publications were included, and there was predominance of retrospective cohort studies conducted in Europe and the United States with critical patients. The cost for an episode of infection ranged from $ 24,090 to $ 34,544. European studies found values between €16,814 and €29,909. The infection increased the length of hospitalization between 1.5 and 26 days, and the mortality between 1.8% and 34%. Conclusion catheter-related infections incur a high cost for hospital organizations, and it is necessary to assess the cost in the case of each country because of discrepant values in different nations.
Subject(s)
Catheterization, Central Venous , Cross Infection , Costs and Cost Analysis , Catheter-Related Infections , Evidence-Based NursingABSTRACT
Resumen: Introducción: El catéter venoso central (CVC) es necesario para la monitorización y tratamiento de pacientes en estado crítico; sin embargo, su uso incrementa el riesgo de bacteriemia. El objetivo del estudio fue cuantificar la incidencia de bacteriemia relacionada con catéter venoso central (BRCVC) e identificar los factores asociados con esta infección. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de cohorte prospectivo en un hospital de concentración del occidente de México. Para conocer la asociación entre BRCVC y las variables en estudio, se realizó un análisis multivariado con regresión de Cox. Resultados: Se estudiaron 204 pacientes con CVC. La edad promedio fue de 4.6 años; el 66.2% fue del sexo masculino. Los sitios de inserción del catéter fueron la vena subclavia (72.5%, n = 148), la vena yugular (20.1%, n = 41) o la vena femoral (7.4%, n = 15). La incidencia de BRCVC fue de 6.5 eventos por 1,000 días catéter. Los microorganismos identificados fueron cocos Gram positivos (37.5%, n = 6), bacilos Gram negativos (37.5%, n = 6) y Candida albicans (25%, n = 4). Se observó que la mayor manipulación del catéter por día se asoció con bacteriemia (HR 1.14, IC95% 1.06-1.23), mientras que el uso de antibióticos intravenosos mostró un efecto protector (HR 0.84, IC95% 0.76-0.92). Conclusiones: Además de las medidas máximas de precaución al momento de colocar o manipular el catéter, es conveniente disminuir lo más posible las desconexiones entre el equipo de venoclisis y el CVC. Los antibióticos mostraron un efecto protector; sin embargo, se debe considerar el riesgo de favorecer resistencias antimicrobianas.
Abstract: Background: Central venous catheters (CVC) are needed for monitoring and treatment of critically ill patients; however, their use increases the risk of bacteremia. The aim of the study was to quantify the incidence of central venous catheter-related bacteremia (CVCRB) and to identify factors associated with this infection. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted in a concentration hospital of western Mexico. The association of CVCRB and study variables was investigated using multivariate Cox regression analysis. Results: Two hundred four patients with CVC were studied. The average age was 4.6 years; 66.2% were male. Insertion sites of the catheters were subclavian vein 72.5% (n = 148), jugular vein 20.1% (n = 41) and femoral vein 7.4% (n = 15). CVCRB incidence was 6.5 events/1,000 catheter days; microorganisms identified were gram-positive cocci 37.5% (n = 6), gram-negative bacilli 37.5% (n = 6) and Candida albicans 25% (n = 4). It was observed that the increase in catheter manipulations per day was associated with bacteremia (HR 1.14, 95% CI 1.06 - 1.23), whereas the use of intravenous antibiotics showed a protective effect (HR 0.84, 95% CI 0.76-0.92). Conclusions: In addition to strategies of maximum caution when placing or manipulating the catheter, we recommend decreasing, as much as possible, disconnects between the CVC and infusion line. Antibiotics showed a protective effect, but the outcome is uncertain and promotion of antimicrobial resistance should be considered.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE To study the incidence of catheter associated infection,bacterial infections and pathogens distribution in ICU,so as to offer a reference to the prevention and control of hospital infection.METHODS The patients with catheter were investigated and specimens were underwent a process of germ culture and identification from ICU in 2006 to a first half year of 2008.RESULTS The incidence of hospital infection was 21.54‰ in ICU.The incidence of ventilator associated pneumonia(VAP) was 23.14‰.The incidence of urinary tract catheter infection was 10.31‰.The incidence of vascular associated infection was 2.74‰.There was a significant difference between the incidence of catheter associated infections and that of no catheter hospital infection(P