ABSTRACT
This study determined the species of parasitoids of Diptera present in forest, rural, and urban areas in the municipality of Monte Alegre, MG, from March to November 2006. The percentages of parasitism in forest, rural, and urban areas were 14.3 percent, 11.0 percent, and 18.8 percent, respectively. The most frequent species (34.7 percent) was Triplasta atrocoxalis (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Figitidae).
Subject(s)
Animals , Parasite Egg Count/methods , Pest Control, Biological/methods , Feces/parasitology , Hymenoptera/parasitology , Zoning/classificationABSTRACT
The aim of this study is to report the first occurrence of the parasitoid Triplasta coxalis (Ashmead, 1865) (Hymenoptera: Figitidae: Eucoilinae) in pupae of Archisepsis scabra (Loew, 1861) (Diptera: Sepsidae) in cattle dung in Brazil. The experiment was carried out in Monte Alegre, MG. One obtained the pupae through the flotation method. They were individually placed in gelatin capsules until the emergence of the adult dipterous or their parasitoids. Fourty seven pupae of A. scabra were obtained, two of which yielded the parasitoid T. coxalis. The percentage of parasitism was 4.3 percent.
Objetivou-se, no presente trabalho, relatar a primeira ocorrência do parasitóide Triplasta coxalis (Ashmead, 1865) (Hymenoptera: Figitidae: Eucoilinae) como inimigo natural de Archisepsis scabra (Loew, 1861) (Diptera: Sepsidae) em fezes bovinas no Brasil. O experimento foi realizado em Monte Alegre, MG. As pupas foram separadas pelo método de flutuação e individualizadas em cápsulas de gelatina onde foram mantidas até a emergência dos dípteros e/ou dos parasitóides. Obtiveram-se 47 pupas de A. scabra, das quais emergiram dois parasitóides pertencentes à espécie T. coxalis. A porcentagem de parasitismo foi de 4,3 por cento.
ABSTRACT
Dung beetles were collected in pasture areas in Piracicaba (State of São Paulo), Aquidauana (State of Mato Grosso do Sul) and Capão do Leão (State of Rio Grande do Sul). In the first two sites, the beetles were collected in pitfall traps, while in the third site they were collected in a light trap. Mites of the families Scutacaridae and Pygmephoridae were commonly found on those beetles. In the family Scutacaridae, the following species were found: Pygmodispus (Pygmodispus) bicornutus Ebermann & Rodrigues, Scutacarus longitarsus (Berlese) and Scutacarus sp. In the family Pygmephoridae, the following genera were found: Elattoma, Bakerdania, Elattosoma, Pediculaster sp. near brasiliensis and Sicilipes. Only female mites were collected.
Besouros coprófagos foram coletados em áreas de pastagem em Piracicaba (Estado de São Paulo), Aquidauana (Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul) e Capão do Leão (Estado de Rio Grande do Sul). Nas duas primeiras localidades, os besouros foram coletados em armadilhas pitfall, enquanto que na terceira localidade foram coletados em armadilha luminosa. Acaros das famílias Scutacaridae e Pygmephoridae foram encontrados comumente nos besouros. Na família Scutacaridae, as seguintes espécies foram encontradas: Pygmodispus (Pygmodispus) bicornutus Ebermann & Rodrigues, Scutacarus longitarsus (Berlese) e Scutacarus sp. Na família Pygmephoridae, os seguintes gêneros foram encontrados: Elattoma, Bakerdania, Elattosoma, Pediculaster sp. aff. brasiliensis e Sicilipes. Apenas ácaros fêmeas foram coletados.
ABSTRACT
Various anaerobic hydrolytic and methanogenic bacteria active in cattle dung biogas plants are reported in the literature. Anaerobic bacteria with ability to use volatile fatty acids constitute a vital bridge between hydrolytic bacteria and methanogenic bacteria. The present paper describes the isolation of Syntrophobacter wolinii a propionate degrading bacterium in co-culture with a hydrogen utilizing methanogen viz., Methanobacterium formicicum from the fermenting slurry of cattle dung biogas plant. Earlier studies on propionate and butyrate degradation indicated Μethanospirillum hungatei as the hydrogen utilizing partner of the co-culture whereas in the present studies this was not the case. Temperature 35o C, pH 7·5 and 20 mM of propionate were found optimal for growth and activity of co-culture.