Antioxidant and antibacterial activities and identification of bioactive compounds of various extracts of Caulerpa racemosa from Algerian coast

Objective: To evaluate the antibacterial and antioxidant activities and to identify the volatile bioactive compounds present in different crude extracts of the seaweed Caulerpa racemosa var. cylindracea. Methods: Caulerpa racemosa harvested from the intertidal zone of Mostaganem coast (N 35°54'37.94', E 0°3'17.37') was subjected to Soxhlet extraction using methanol, chloroform, and hexane solvents. Antioxidant properties were assessed by using 2,2'-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline- 6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and β-carotene bleaching assays. The antibacterial activity was evaluated on six standard bacterial strains using the agar disc diffusion method. The GC-MS analysis was performed using non-polar and polar capillary columns. Results: The chloroform extract of Caulerpa racemosa exhibited higher contents of polyphenols [(123.91±1.46) mg gallic acid equivalent/ g dry extract] and tannins [(59.28±5.43) mg catechin equivalent/ g dry extract] (P<0.001) and was the most effective in scavenging DPPH [(1.98±0.08) mg/mL] and ABTS [(1.66±0.05) mg/mL] radicals. The hexane extract displayed the best antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, producing inhibition zones of (11.16±0.76), (9.00±0.00) and (9.33±1.15) mm, respectively. The l-(+)-ascorbic acid 2,6- dihexadecanoate and 4-hydroxy-2methylproline were among the most abundant volatile compounds. Besides conventional fatty acids, cis-10-heptadecenoic acid, nonahexacontanoic acid, and dodecanoic acid, 3-hydroxy- were identified. Two phytosterols were identified: stigmast-5-en-3-ol- (12.9%) and stigmast-5-en-3.beta.-ol, (24S)- (4.57%). Conclusions: The preliminary identification of the volatile compounds reveals the presence of some new bioactive components not reported previously in Caulerpa racemosa from other geographical areas. Some of these compounds possess an interesting potential for pharmaceutical/nutraceutical applications.

Antioxidant and antibacterial activities and identification of bioactive compounds of various extracts of Caulerpa racemosa from Algerian coast

Objective: To evaluate the antibacterial and antioxidant activities and to identify the volatile bioactive compounds present in different crude extracts of the seaweed Caulerpa racemosa var. cylindracea.Methods: Caulerpa racemosa harvested from the intertidal zone of Mostaganem coast (N 35?54'37.94", E 0?3'17.37") was subjected to Soxhlet extraction using methanol, chloroform, and hexane solvents. Antioxidant properties were assessed by using 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and β-carotene bleaching assays. The antibacterial activity was evaluated on six standard bacterial strains using the agar disc diffusion method. The GC-MS analysis was performed using non-polar and polar capillary columns. Results: The chloroform extract of Caulerpa racemosa exhibited higher contents of polyphenols [(123.91±1.46) mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry extract] and tannins [(59.28±5.43) mg catechin equivalent/g dry extract] (P<0.001) and was the most effective in scavenging DPPH [(1.98±0.08) mg/mL] and ABTS [(1.66±0.05) mg/mL] radicals. The hexane extract displayed the best antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, producing inhibition zones of (11.16±0.76), (9.00±0.00) and (9.33±1.15) mm, respectively. The l-(+)-ascorbic acid 2,6-dihexadecanoate and 4-hydroxy-2methylproline were among the most abundant volatile compounds. Besides conventional fatty acids, cis-10-heptadecenoic acid, nonahexacontanoic acid, and dodecanoic acid, 3-hydroxy- were identified. Two phytosterols were identified: stigmast-5-en-3-ol- (12.9％) and stigmast-5-en-3.beta.-ol, (24S)- (4.57％). Conclusions: The preliminary identification of the volatile compounds reveals the presence of some new bioactive components not reported previously in Caulerpa racemosa from other geographical areas. Some of these compounds possess an interesting potential forpharmaceutical/nutraceutical applications.

In Vitro Study of Antimicrobial Activity in Marine Algae Caulerpa Taxifolia and Caulerpa Racemosa (C. Agardh).

The present study was carried out to investigate its antimicrobial potentiality of the algae such as Caulerpa taxifolia, Caulerpa racemosa (C. Agardh) were studied against both Gram-positive, Gram- negative and fungal pathogens. For microbiological testing of the different crude algal extracts (Hexane, Chloroform, Methanol and water) was determined by the well diffusion method.The zone of inhibition was measured for all the Crude extracts revealed a wide range of antimicrobial activity against tested pathogens. The overall antimicrobial activity assessed from the above results indicates the presence of active constituents in the extractions of Seaweeds which can be exploited for the production of lead molecules which are use of in pharmaceutical industry.

Antinociceptive activities of crude methanolic extract and phases, n-butanolic, chloroformic and ethyl acetate from Caulerpa racemosa (Caulerpaceae) / Atividade antinociceptiva do extrato metanólico bruto e das fases n-butanólica, clorofórmica e acetato de etila de Caulerpa recemosa (Caulerpaceae)

In this study, we attempted to identify the possible antinociceptive actions of n-butanolic phase, chloroformic phase, ethyl acetate phase and crude methanolic extract obtained from Caulerpa racemosa. This seaweed is cosmopolitan in world, mainly in tropical regions. The n-butanolic, chloroformic, ethyl acetate phases and crude methanolic extract, all administered orally in the concentration of 100 mg/kg, reduced the nociception produced by acetic acid by 47.39 percent, 70.51 percent, 76.11 percent and 72.24 percent, respectively. In the hotplate test the chloroformic and ethyl acetate phase were activite in this models. In the neurogenic phase on formalin test, were observed that crude methanolic extract (51.77 percent), n-butanolic phase (35.12 percent), chloroformic phase (32.70 percent) and indomethacin (32.06 percent) were effective in inhibit the nociceptive response. In the inflammatory phase, only the ethyl acetate phase (75.43 percent) and indomethacin (47.83 percent) inhibited significantly the nociceptive response. Based on these data, we can infer that the ethyl acetate phase shows a significant anti-inflammatory profile, whose power has not yet been determined. However, pharmacological and chemical studies are continuing in order to characterize the mechanism(s) responsible for the antinociceptive action and also to identify other active principles present in Caulerpa racemosa.

Neste estudo, tentamos identificar a atividade antinociceptiva do extrato metanólico bruto e das fases n-butanólica, clorofórmica e acetato de etila provenientes da alga Caulerpa racemosa. Esta alga é cosmopolita no mundo, principalmente em regiões tropicais. O extrato metanólico bruto e as fases n-butanólica, clorofórmica e acetato de etila foram administrados por via oral, na concentração de 100 mg/kg. Estes foram capazes de reduzir a nocicepção produzida pelo ácido acético, sendo 47,39 por cento, 70,51 por cento, 76,11 por cento e 72,24 por cento, respectivamente. No ensaio da placa quente as fases clorofórmica e acetato de etila foram ativas neste modelo. Na fase neurogênica do teste de formalina, foi observado que o extrato metanólico bruto (51,77 por cento), fase n-butanólica (35,12 por cento), fase clorofórmica (32,70 por cento) e indometacina (32,06 por cento) foram eficazes em inibir a resposta nociceptiva. Na fase inflamatória, apenas a fase acetato de etila (75,43 por cento) e indometacina (47,83 por cento) foram capazes de inibir significativamente a resposta nociceptiva. Com base nestes dados, podemos sugerir que o a fase acetato de etila apresenta um significativo efeito anti-inflamatório, cuja potência ainda não foi determinada. No entanto, estudos farmacológicos e químicos serão necessários, a fim de caracterizar o mecanismo responsável pela ação antinociceptiva e também para identificar outros princípios ativos presentes na alga Caulerpa racemosa.