Cecostomía endoscópica percutánea, una terapia eficaz en el síndrome de Ogilvie: relato de caso y revisión bibliográfica / Percutaneous endoscopic cecostomy, effective therapy for the treatment of Ogilvie syndrome: case and literature review

Ogilvie syndrome, or Acute Colonic Pseudo-Obstruction (ACPO) is characterized by colonic distension in the absence of mechanical obstruction. In general, it evolves favorably following a conservative treatment, and surgical procedures are not necessary6. We describe a case of ACPO with evolution of two days, in a 79-year old male patient, with asthma, type 2 diabetes mellitus, systemic arterial hypertension and policystic kidneys. After failure of conservative treatment based on support measures and neostigmine, percutaneous endoscopic support cecostomy, using a gastrostomy tube. The technique and its early execution were chosen considering that it was easy to be implemented, low cost and need for immediate colonic decompression due to high risk of ischemia and perforation of the colon, associated to a rapid clinical deterioration of the patient

El síndrome de Ogilvie o Pseudoobstrucción colónica aguda (ACPO) se caracteriza por la distensión del colon en ausencia de obstrucción mecánica. En general, el tratamiento conservador es favorable, no siendo necesaria una intervención quirúrgica. Describimos el caso de una ACPO con dos días de evolución, en paciente masculino de 79 años, asmático, portador de diabetes mellitus tipo 2, hipertensión arterial sistémica y riñones poliquísticos. Después del fracaso del tratamiento conservador con medidas de soporte y neostigmina, se optó por la realización de cecostomía endoscópica percutánea de protección, utilizando una sonda de gastrostomía. La elección de la técnica y su realización precoz se dio teniendo en vista su facilidad de ejecución, su bajo costo y la necesidad de descompresión colónica inmediata por el elevado riesgo de isquemia y perforación del colon, asociado al rápido empeoramiento clínico del paciente.

Coordinated Hospital-Home Fecal Microbiota Transplantation via Percutaneous Endoscopic Cecostomy for Recurrent Steroid-Dependent Ulcerative Colitis

Since its introduction as an alternative intestinal microbiota alteration approach, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been increasingly used as a treatment of choice for patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), but no reports exist regarding FMT via percutaneous endoscopic cecostomy (PEC). This report describes the case of a 24-year-old man with a 7-year history of recurrent, steroid-dependent UC. He received FMT via PEC once per day for 1 month in the hospital. After the remission of gastrointestinal symptoms, he was discharged from the hospital and continued FMT via PEC twice per week for 3 months at home. The frequency of stools decreased, and the characteristics of stools improved soon thereafter. Enteral nutrition was regained after 1 week, and an oral diet was begun 1 month later. Two months after the FMT end point, the patient resumed a normal diet, with formed soft stools once per day. The follow-up colonoscopy showed normal mucus membranes; then, the PEC set was removed. On the subsequent 12 months follow-up, the patient resumed orthobiosis without any gastrointestinal discomfort and returned to work. This case emphasizes that FMT via PEC can not only induce remission but also shorten the duration of hospitalization and reduce the medical costs; therefore, this approach should be considered an alternative option for patients with UC.

Cecostomía amplia: una alternativa de protección de una anastomosis colorrectal baja en cáncer de recto / Enlarged cecostomy as an alternative for the protection of low colorrectal anastomoses

Background: Loop ileostomy, usually used as protection for low colorrectal anastomoses, has a significant number of complications. Aim: To assess the results of a new technique, called enlarged cecostomy for anastomotic protection. Material and Methods: The enlarged cecostomy technique, described herein, was applied to 12 consecutive patients, subjected to a radical resection for a low rectal cancer. Most procedures were performed after a neo-adjuvant therapy. The results obtained in these patients were compared with similar series of patients in whom a loop ileostomy was performed. Results: 4 low anterior resections and 8 ultra-low anterior resections were performed among patients subjected to enlarged cecostomy (11 laparoscopic). Among patients subjected to loop ileostomy, 8 low anterior resections and 4 ultra-low anterior resections were performed (4 laparoscopic). The execution lapse for enlarged cecostomy was 15 minutes and for loop ileostomy, 25 minutes. Patients subjected to cecostomy had a lower hospitalization time. This was because 4 patients had a dysfunction of the loop ileostomy. The degree of diversion was complete in 11 patients subjected to enlarged cecostomy. The ostomy was closed in 7 patients subjected to loop ileostomy and the same number of patients subjected to enlarged cecostomy. Conclusions: Enlarged cecostomy is a valid protection alternative for patients operated for low rectal cancer. It is easier to perform than loop ileostomy.

Antecedentes: La ileostomía en asa (IA) se utiliza en forma habitual como protección de una anastomosis colorrectal baja, técnica que se asocia a una morbilidad no despreciable. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar los resultados de una técnica alternativa con los mismos fines de protección denominada cecostomía amplia (CA). Pacientes y Método: Se describe en detalle la técnica de la CA, que se aplica en 12 pacientes consecutivos sometidos a una resección radical por cáncer de recto bajo, la mayoría luego de neoadyuvancia. Se compara esta serie con una serie similar de pacientes en los cuales se utilizó como protección una IA. Resultados: Se realizaron 4 RAB y 8 RAUB en el grupo CA (11 por vía laparoscópica) y 8 RAB y 4 RAUB (4 por laparoscopía). El tiempo de ejecución promedio de la CA fue 15 min versus 25 min de la IA. La única diferencia estadísticamente significativa fue el tiempo de hospitalización a favor de la cecostomía (p < 0,001), lo que se explica por la disfunción ileostómica en 4 pacientes sometidos a una IA. El grado de desfuncionalización fue completo en 11 pacientes con una CA. Se efectuó el cierre de la ostomía en 14 pacientes (7 en cada grupo) con un tiempo de hospitalización promedio de 3,5 días (extremos 2-5) para el grupo CA y 5,3 días (extremos 4-8) para el grupo IA (p < 0,05). Conclusión: la CA se aprecia como una alternativa válida como método de protección de una anastomosis colorrectal en pacientes intervenidos por un cáncer de recto bajo, con algunas ventajas sobre la IA por la facilidad en la ejecución y en el cierre y probablemente una reducción de la morbilidad específica. Se requiere un estudio aleatorio con un número mayor de pacientes para confirmar estos resultados.

Usefulness of an Open Cecostomy in the Treatment of a Distal Colon Obstruction

PURPOSE: Stoma formation has usually been used for bowel decompression or fecal diversion. For these, a cecostomy is rarely performed because of disadvantages such as incomplete fecal diversion or fatal complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of an open cecostomy in treating patients with colonic obstruction. METHODS: Between May 2005 and August 2008, 20 patients underwent an open cecostomy because of colonic obstruction. All information on the patients was reviewed retrospectively for underlying disease, obstruction site, diameter of the cecum and transverse colon, and complications. RESULTS: Of the 20 patients, 14 had colorectal cancer, 3 had stomach cancer, 1 had cervical cancer, 1 had a carcinoid tumor, and 1 had an osteosarcoma. The cause of the obstruction was the primary tumor in 7 patients, peritoneal carcinomatosis in 7 patients, local recurrence in 5, and tissue edema after cyberknife treatment in 1 patient. All patients, except for 1 patient with a hopeless discharge due to rapid disease progression, were discharged on the tenth day postoperatively. No fatal complication developed. In 2 patients, the cecostomy closed spontaneously at 5.5 mo postoperatively after the distal obstruction had been resolved. CONCLUSION: An open cecostomy may be a useful and simple method for the decompression of a colonic obstruction, even though the diversion may not be complete.