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Malaria is an acute febrile illness caused by Plasmodium. In Africa where the burden of malaria is extremely high, febrile symptoms caused by respiratory tract infections may challenge the diagnosis of malaria, and patients with unclear diagnosis and administration of antimalarial drugs require more attention. Hereby, a peacekeeper with Plasmodium falciparum infection complicated with bronchopneumonia was reported.
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Danhong injection (DHI) and ceftriaxone sodium were used in combination based on their experimental uses in clinic. This study was designed to investigate the impact of ceftriaxone on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the phenolic acids from DHI. After administration of DHI for 7 d, ceftriaxone (CFTX) was combined with DHI for the next 7 d in adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. All the drugs were administered through caudal vein. UHPLC-TQ-MS was applied in determining the plasma concentration of p-coumaric acid (p-CA), salvianolic acid D (SaD), rosmarinic acid (RA) and salvianolic acid B (SaB). The pharmacokinetic parameters of the combination group or the Danhong injection alone group were calculated by statistical moment method, Cmax and the average of the area under the curve AUC0-t using 90% confidence interval of the bioequivalence and bioavailability degree module in DAS 3.2.8 statistic software. The results showed that Cmax of p-CA, SaD, RA and SaB were unqualified within 90% confidence intervals for bioequivalence statistics. And the results showed that AUC0-t of SaD, RA and SaB within 90% confidence intervals for bioequivalence statistics were unqualified. There were no significant difference in the tmax (P>0.05). The results of anticoagulation in vivo showed that the international normalized ratio (INR), prothrombin time (PT), thrombin time (TT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) were significantly increased when combined with CFTX (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The results in antithrombotic effects revealed that the thromboxane B2 (TXB2) level in serum was significantly decreased (P<0.01) in the combination group compared with Danhong injection alone. However, there was no significant difference in antiplatelet effects. These results suggest that CFTX may enhance the anticoagulation and antithrombotic effects of DHI through altering pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in SD rats.
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Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of penicillin combined with ceftriaxone in early syphilis patients.Methods60 patients with early syphilis treated from February 2014 to February 2016 were included in the study,according to the random number table method,the patients were divided into control group (simple penicillin treatment) and treatment group (Penicillin and ceftriaxone sodium), 30 cases in each group.The skin lesions subsided within one week of two groups were recorded.The toluidine red blood serum test (TRUST) was carried out at 3 months, 6 months, 9 months and 12 months after treatment, and the serum fixation rate of the patients in the two groups were observed.ResultsThe rate of pain relief within one week in the treatment group was 90.0% (27/30), which was significantly higher than that in the control group (66.7%, 20/30), (χ2=4.81, P=0.02);TRUST negative rates of the treatment group after treatment for 3 months, 6 months, 9 months and 12 months were 36.7%(11/30), 70.0% (21/30), 86.7% (26/30), 90.0% (27/30),the control group was 13.3%(4/30), 26.7% (8/30), 50.0% (15/30), 63.3% (19/30), [χ2=(4.35,11.27,9.31,5.96), P=(0.00,0.00,0.00, 0.01)].The serum fixation rate in the treatment group was 3.3%(1/30), which was significantly lower than that in the control group (20.0%, 6/30),(χ2=4.04, P=0.04).ConclusionPenicillin combined with ceftriaxone sodium in the treatment of early syphilis patients can help to promote the disappearance of skin lesions, accelerate the patients with syphilis serum negative and reduce serum fixation rate, the effect is significant, to be further studied to promote.
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Objective To explore the effect of Kangfu antiphlogistic suppository combined with ceftriaxone on the treatment of chronic pelvic inflammation.MethodsFrom March 2015 to January 2017 in Deqing hospital of traditional Chinese medicine, 80 cases with chronic pelvic inflammatory as research object were divided into the observation group and the control group, 40 cases in each group.The control group were given Ceftriaxone, at this basis, the observation group were given Kangfu antiphlogistic suppository, The effect and the adverse reaction in the two groups were compared.ResultsThe effect was 92.5% in the observation group, which was higher than that in the control group 77.5%, the difference was statistically significant,P<0.05.There was no adverse reaction in the 2 groups.ConclusionThe effect is exactly that Kangfu antiphlogistic suppository combined with ceftriaxone sodium on the treatment of chronic pelvic inflammation, which is worthy of clinical use.
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@#To develop new synthetic process of ceftriaxone sodium, 7-amino-3-［(2, 5-dihydro-6-hydroxy-2-methyl-5-oxo-1, 2, 4-triazin-3-yl)thiomethyl］-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid(7-ACT)was synthesized from 7-aminocephalosporanicacid(7-ACA)by reaction with 2, 5-dihydro-6-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-mercapto-5-oxo-1, 2, 4-triazine(TTZ)under the catalysis of BF3/C2H3N. Ceftriaxone was prepared from 7-ACT by condensation with 2-(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)-2-methoxyiminoacetic thiobenzothiazole ester(AE)using triethylamine as catalyst. After removing the by-product 2-mercaptobenzothiazole(M)through filtration, the filtrate was treated with sodium acetate to give ceftriaxone sodium. This improved process eliminates the working procedure for separating compound M from the mother liquor, and has the advantages of less solvent consumption and convenient operation, and has been successfully used in commercial production.
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OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the pharmacoeconomics of cefathiamidine, ceftriaxone sodium, cefuroxime sodium, amoxicillin sodium/clavulanate potassium and cefoperazone sodium/sulbactam sodium in the treatment of pediatric bronchopneumo-nia,and to provide reference for rational drug use in the clinic. METHODS:By retrospective study,338 children with broncho-pneumonia were divided into groups A,B,C,D and E according to different therapy regimens. There were 75,65,76,66 and 56 cases in groups A,B,C,D and E,and they were given cefathiamidine,ceftriaxone sodium,cefuroxime sodium,amoxicillin sodium/clavulanate potassium and cefoperazone sodium/sulbactam sodium intravenously. The pharmacoeconomics of therapy regi-mens in group A,B,C,D and E were evaluated by cost-effectiveness analysis and decision tree analysis model. RESULTS:The effective rates of groups A,B,C,D and E were 93.33%,90.77%,96.05%,87.88% and 87.50%,respectively. The treatment cost of those groups were 1 929.09,2 173.73,1 611.91,1 661.42,1 801.32 yuan,respectively. The cost/effectiveness(C/E)ratio of those groups were 20.67,23.95,16.78,18.91,20.59,respectively. The treatment cost of group C was the smallest,so was the C/E. Results of cost-effectiveness analysis were supported by sensitivity analysis. CONCLUSIONS:Cefuroxime sodium is the best treatment for pediatric bronchopneumonia among 5 antibiotics in respect of cost-effectiveness.
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The jejunum is the longest part of the small intestine and its lumen is mainly involved in the absorption of the nutrients. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of metronidazole, ceftriaxoine sodium and their combination on the stenotic index of the end to end jujunal anastomotic site. To accomplish this, 20 healthy stray dogs were subjected to end to end jejunal ansastmosis. Dogs in Group A (control) underwent jejunal anstomosis with no antibiotic prophylaxis, while those in Group B received surgery and metronidazole alone at 50 mg/kg, those in Group C received ceftriaxone sodium intravenously at 30 mg/kg body weight prior to surgery and dogs in Group D were given metronidazole in combination with ceftriaxone sodium at 50 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg, respectively, 2 h before surgical intervention. No significant difference (p > 0.05) in the stenotic index was observed at 14 days after jejunal anastomosis. These findings indicate that prophylactic administration of metronidazole and ceftriaxone sodium alone or in combination had no significant effect on the stenotic index of the jejunum.
Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Absorption , Antibiotic Prophylaxis , Body Weight , Ceftriaxone , Intestine, Small , Jejunum , Metronidazole , SodiumABSTRACT
Objective To explore the clinical effect of ceftriaxone sodium anus drip in the treatment of children with bacillary dysentery (shigellosis).Methods 62 children with bacillary dysentery were randomly divided into observation group and control group,31 cases in each group.The observation group received ceftriaxone sodium anus drip,while the control group received oral ciprofloxacin.The symptoms disappeared time and clinical effect of two groups were compared.Results In the observation group,the disappearance time of abdominal pain,diarrhea,fever and the fecal smear negative time were (3.97 + 1.05) d,(3.52 ± 1.35) d,(1.62 ± 0.57) d,(3.12 ± 0.74) d,which were significantly shorter than those in the control group (5.37 ± 0.86) d,(4.85 ± 1.22) d,(3.24 ± 1.35) d,(4.43 ±1.04) d (t =5.743,4.070,6.155,5.714,all P ＜ 0.05).The total effective rate of the observation group was 96.8 ％,that of the control group was 93.5％,the difference between the two groups was not significant (Z =0.917,P ＞0.05).Conclusion Ceftriaxone sodium anal trickle has significant effect in the treatment of pediatric bacillary dysentery and it takes effect very quickly,so it is worthy of promoting.
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Objective To synthesize antimicrobial bioceramic using chitosan and calcium phosphate cements mixed with ceftriaxone sodium. Methods The bioceramic was synthesized through the hardening of chitosan liquid combined with calcium phosphate cements and cefiriaxone sodium.The released ceftriaxone sodium was studied according to the linear equation between UV-VIS absorbance to concentration.The in vitro bactefiostatic effect of the chosen bioceramic was investigated via the microbiological method.The model of rats'contaminated bone defect were deployed to study the antimicrobial performance of the bioceramic. Results The best synthesis condition was chosen at:0.1g calcium phosphate cements and 10.4 mg ceftriaxone sodium combined with 2.4 ml hardening liquid C.then keeping the mixture at 60℃ and 100%humidity for 24 h.In vitro release of the resulting antimicrobial bioceramic remained stable,while that of ceftriaxone sodium lasted for a week,higher than the minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC) of Staphylococcus aureus.As proved by the WBC number and tissue sectioning,a lighter inflammatory response of treatment group was observed as compared with the control group. Conclusion The antimicrobial bioceramic combined with chitosan and ceftriaxone sodium shows promising antimicrobial performance.
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OBJECTIVE:To study the compatible stability of Ceftriaxone Sodium with Compound Sodium Chloride Injection or Sodium Lactate Ringer's Injection and study the compatible stability of the simulated in vivo peak concentration of ceftriaxone sodium with instant high concentration of calcium gluconate ion injection. METHODS: The concentration of Ceftriaxone Sodium in the mixture was determined by HPLC,meanwhile,the changes of the mixture in appearance,pH value,and the insoluble particles at room temperature were observed. RESULTS: At 0～2 hours,the mixture of Ceftriaxone Sodium and Compound Sodium Chloride Injection was clear in appearance;however,at 2 hours,it was white cloudy macroscopically,and its pH valued increased,ceftriaxone sodium content decreased and insoluble particles increased. The ceftriaxone sodium content reduced when mixed with sodium lactate ringer's injection. After mixing of simulated in vivo peak concentration of ceftriaxone sodium with instant high concentration of calcium gluconate ion injection,the appearance of the mixture was stable but the concentration of Ceftriaxone Sodium reduced slightly. CONCLUSION: Ceftriaxone Sodium can't be used in combination with Compound Sodium Chloride Injection or Sodium Lactate Ringer's Injection. Whether it is suitable to infuse calcium gluconate when ceftriaxone sodium (iv gtt) reached peak concentration remains to be confirmed in future study.