Fisiopatología de la vaso-oclusión en la drepanocitosis / Pathophysiology of the vaso-occlusion in the sickle cell anemia

La vaso-oclusión en la drepanocitosis es una característica única entre las anemias hemolíticas. La idea de que el eritrocito falciforme induce el proceso vaso-oclusivo ha sido desechada y no cabe duda que el fenómeno ocurre debido a la adhesión de los hematíes deformables menos densos (reticulocitos de stress) al endotelio vascular activado en las vénulas post-capilares, proceso en el que participan moléculas de adhesión celular (MAC) eritrocitarias y vasculares así como un conjunto de factores plasmáticos; la externalización de la fosfatidilserina, la acción de la trombina, la expresión de factor tisular asociada a alteraciones del mecanismo de transporte catiónico, conjuntamente con la formación de agregados de banda 3 constituyen un conjunto de elementos cruciales en la explicación fisiopatológica de la vaso-oclusión y su relación con diferentes opciones terapéuticas.

The vaso-occlusion in the sickle cell anemia is only characteristic in the haemolytic anemias. The idea that the falciform erythrocyte induces the vaso-occlusive process has been abolished and without doubt the event is produced by the adhesion of the low density deformed erythrocytes ( stress reticulocytes ) to the active vascular endothelium in post-capillary venule participating in the process molecules of cellular adhesion ( erythrocytic and vascular) as well as a group of plasma factors; the external phosphatidilserine , the thrombine action , the expression of tissue factor associated to the disorders of the cationic transportation mechanism as well as the aggregates (band 3) are crucial elements in the pathophysiological explanation of vaso-occlusion and its relation to different therapeutic options.

Expressão imuno-histoquimico das integranas a2B1, a3B1, e a5B1, em mucosa oral norma hiperplasia fibroepitalial inflamatória oral e displasia epitelial oral

Este estudo se propôs analisar através da técnica da estreptoavidina-biotina a expressão imuno-histoquímica das integrinas α2ß1, α3ß1 e α5ß1 em 11 espécimes de mucosa oral normal (MON), 16 de hiperplasia fibroepitelial inflamatória oral (HFIO) e 25 de displasia epitelial oral (DEO) (16 leves, 2 moderadas e 7 graves), procurando determinar se existe alteração qualitativa na expressão destas integrinas e se a mesma guarda relação com as modificações sofridas pelo epitélio oral. Para a integrina α2ß1 a maioria dos espécimes exibiu uma marcação predominantemente intensa e difusa nos contatos intercelulares e no citoplasma celular das camadas basal e suprabasal, sem diferença desse perfil entre os diferentes tipos de espécimes, porém com uma tendência a fraca ou perda da expressão em 21.1% das DEOs, sendo todos os espécimes que não expressaram marcação para este heterodímero DEOs graves. Para a integrina α3ß1 a maioria da amostra exibiu uma marcação fraca ou ausente predominantemente em camada basal. A integrina α5ß1 exibiu uma forte marcação difusa nos contatos intercelulares e citoplasmática na camada suprabasal, com diferença apenas na intensidade de marcação entre os tipos de espécimes, residindo essa diferença nas DEOs, onde 12 (48%) espécimes exibiram uma fraca marcação. Concluiu-se que as integrinas avaliadas podem estar envolvidas nas interações célula-célula e célula-MEC que garantem a diferenciação celular e manutenção do arranjo estrutural tecidual. A variável expressão da integrina α5ß1 nas DEOs, poderia sugerir, respectivamente, um papel dessa molécula na sobrevida celular, com o intuito de perpetuar o fenótipo alterado nessas lesões, ou uma ação supressora desse fenótipo devido à falta de interação desta molécula com a fibronectina da MEC (AU).

The objective of this study was perform by the streptoavidin-biotin technique an immunohistochemical analysis of α2ß1, α3ß1 e α5ß1 integrins in 11 normal oral mucosa (NOM), 16 oral inflammatory fibroepithelial hyperplasia (OIFH) and 25 oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) (16 mild, 2 moderates and 7 severe), to determine if exists qualitative alteration in the expression of these integrins and if this guard relation with the oral epithelial modifications. It was observed that for the α2ß1 integrin the majority of the sample showed a predominantly intense labeling diffusely distributed in the intercellular contacts and the cytoplasm of cells of the basal and suprabasal layers, without difference of this profile between the different types of specimens, however with a trend to weak or loss of expression in 21.1% of the OEDs, being all the specimens that had not expressed this heterodimer, severe OEDs. For the α3ß1 integrin the majority of the sample showed a weak or absent labeling in basal layer. The α5ß1 integrin showed a predominant strong diffuse labeling in the intercellular contacts and cytoplasm in the suprabasal layer, with difference only in the labeling intensity between the types of specimens, inhabiting this difference in the OEDs, where 12 (48%) specimens had shown a weak labeling. It was concluded that the evaluated integrins can be involved in the cell-cell, cell-ECM interactions modulating the cellular differentiation and maintenance of the epithelial structural arrangement. The variable expression of the α5ß1 integrin in the OEDs, could suggest, respectively, a role of this molecule in the cellular survival, with intention to perpetuate the modified phenotype in these lesions, or a suppressor role on the modified phenotype due to lack of interaction of this molecule with the fibronectina of the MEC (AU).

Pilot study on measurement of sICAM-1 and sE-selectin in patients with chronic hepatitis C to judge response to treatment / 中华检验医学杂志

Objective To investigate the levels of sICAM 1 and sE selectin in patients with chronic hepatitis(CHC) and to study their roles in judge of response to IFN ? 2b treatment. Methods sICAM 1 and sE selectin levels were measured in 32 cases of CHC before and after treatment of IFN ? 2b by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA), levels of HCV RNA was detected by quantitative PCR and serum ALT activity was also detected. Results Levels of sICAM 1 and sE selectin in CHC patients were significantly higher than those in normal controls(P

Antioxidant Vitamin Supplementation and Levels of Circulating Cellular Adhesion Molecules / 대한임상병리학회지

BACKGROUND: The oxidative modification of lipids and the endothelial expression of adhesion molecules are key events in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The appropriate antioxidants that protected and slowed the progression of the disease were reported. We measured the antioxidant enzyme activities and the levels of soluble cellular adhesion molecules in order to evaluate whether antioxidant vitamin supplementation affected the oxidative changes and the expression of cellular adhesion molecules. METHODS: Seventy-seven patients participated in a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trial. The test group (38 patients) was given antioxidant vitamin doses including a daily dose of vitamin C 500 mg, beta-carotene 15 mg, vitamin E 400 IUs, and selenium 50 microgram, The control group (44 patients) received placeboes for three months. We measured the vitamin serum levels, intercellular adhesion molecules-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), E-selectin and activities of erythrocyte enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) before and at 3 months after supplementation. RESULTS: After supplementation, the serum vitamin levels increased significantly (P<0.05) and the activity of the erythrocyte SOD significantly increased by 0.85 unit/mg hemoglobin (P<0.05) in the test group. Soluble ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and E-selectin levels did not change significantly in the test group after supplementation. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the antioxidant vitamin supplementation may affect erythrocyte SOD activity, but not soluble cellular adhesion molecule levels.