ABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the central effect of Qi-Yin Deficiency Syndrome (QYDS) scoring in clinical trials of diabetes.Methods Dispensation degree analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were adopted to compare the differences of central effects among the Qi-Yin deficiency syndrome scoring,fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level and 2-hour postprandial blood sugar (2 hPG)level before and after treatment in the suited databases from two phase Ⅲclinical trials of type two diabetes performed in 2004～2005.Results The variation coefficients of QYDS scoring treated with drug A and drug B varied from one tenth to half times of those of FPG and 2 hPG levels before and after treatment.And the influence of centers on QYDS is weaker than those on blood sugar levels (FPG &2 hPG) either referring to the numbers of significant centers or referring to the absolute values of standard regression coefficients in multiple linear regression equation.Conclusion There exists a central effect in QYDS scoring before and after treatment,and the central effect of QYDS scoring is weaker than that of blood sugar levels (FPG &2 hPG) in clinical trials of diabetes.
ABSTRACT
Objective To study the analgesic sites and mechanism of total alkaloids in Papaver nudicaule (TAPN). Methods The sites of analgesic action of TAPN were observed by adopting Formalin test and two different routes of intracerebroventricular (icv), intrathecal (ith) in mice and rats and comparing ED 50 of TAPN in writhing reaction in mice induced by acetic acid by ip and iv administration. Results TAPN significantly lowered pain score of the early and late phase of Formalin response and was more sensitive in the late phase. Inhibition of TAPN at the same dose by ip administration in writhing reaction in mice induced by acetic acid was stronger than that by iv. The ED 50 value of TAPN at any time by ip administration was lower than that by iv administration. By means of central microinjection, TAPN by icv administration induced remarkable analgesic effect in mice, but TAPN by ith administration had no significant analgesic effect. Conclusion The sites of analgesic action of TAPN are mainly at periphery. TAPN has also central analgesic effect, and the site may be at the level above the spinal cord.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the health inspector effect on the score of hygienic degree of hostels. Methods Using the scale for hygienic degree of hostels, 38 health inspectors from 9 sections in the Bureau for Health Inspection and Supervision of Haidian District in Beijing, scored 621 hostels in the district. The multilevel statistics model has been used to analyze the health inspector effect, of which the index is intra-class correlation (ICC), in the double level model structured by hostels as the level 1 unit and inspectors as the level 2 unit, and in the triple level model structured by hostels as the level 1 unit, inspectors as the level 2 unit and the sections as the level 3 unit. Results In the double level model, ICC of the level 2 unit is 0.142 8. In the triple level model, ICC of the level 2 unit is 0.0000 and ICC of the level 3 unit is 0.154 1. Conclusion There is inspector effect influencing the score of hygienic degree. And the effect seems to be more similar in one section comparing with the other ones.