ABSTRACT
Like other pandemics, COVID‑19 also created a huge socioeconomic imbalance and distress in people. Often, every pandemic is characterized as chaotic and complex. Hence, the nature of the virus spread and deaths should be analyzed to prepare for the next similar pandemic. In this analysis, the popular and well‑known time series in chaos theory is implemented, and the results are deduced for the states of India. The phase space reconstruction algorithm is implemented, and false nearest neighbor (FNN) method is applied to determine the dimensionality, and also Lyapunov exponent of the time series is estimated. The chaotic nature of COVID‑19 cases showed a less severe and low complexity, with the FNN dimension range of 3–5, whereas the COVID‑19 deaths showed moderate complexity with FNN dimensions 2–7. Policymakers should take action on medical availability in rural states and control people’s movement in highly populated areas.
ABSTRACT
El objetivo de este artículo es contribuir a que los médicos y otros profesionales de la salud, que buscan diariamente mejorar su conocimiento para beneficio del ser humano enfermo, incorporen nuevas herramientas conceptuales y metodológicas para entender la complejidad inherente al campo de la medicina. Este artículo desarrolla conceptos que no son familiares a los profesionales de la salud, a fin de que sean pensados y aprehendidos. Plantea la necesidad de definir la vida desde el punto de vista termodinámico y situarla en estrecha relación con los sistemas complejos, la dinámica no lineal y el comportamiento caótico, redefinir los mecanismos convencionales de control fisiológico basados en el concepto de homeostasis y recorrer el camino que va desde la búsqueda de vida extraterrestre hasta exponer a la medicina “al borde del caos”. La complejidad trasciende los aspectos biológicos; incluye la dimensión subjetiva y simbólico-social. Visualizar la enfermedad como un fenómeno heterogéneo y multicausal puede dar origen a nuevos enfoques para el enfermo.
The aim of this paper is to help physicians and health professionals, who constantly seek to improve their knowledge for the benefit of the ill, to incorporate new conceptual and methodological tools to understand the complexity inherent to the field of medicine. This article contains notions that are unfamiliar to these professionals and are intended to foster reflection and learning. It poses the need to define life from a thermodynamic point of view, linking it closely to complex systems, nonlinear dynamics and chaotic behavior, as well as to redefine conventional physiological control mechanisms based on the concept of homeostasis, and to travel the path that starts with the search for extraterrestrial life up to exposing medicine “near the edge of chaos”. Complexity transcends the biological aspects; it includes a subjective and symbolic/social dimension. Viewing disease as a heterogeneous and multi-causal phenomenon can give rise to new approaches for the sick.
Subject(s)
Humans , Nonlinear Dynamics , Entropy , Life , Homeostasis , Extraterrestrial Environment , MedicineABSTRACT
Este artigo apresenta uma proposta de um novo questionário para avaliação vocacional, que pretende integrar alguns construtos da teoria Planned Happenstance e da teoria do Caos das Carreiras: a disposição para explorar o imprevisto e aproveitar as oportunidades do acaso, a não-linearidade, os atractores, a confiança nas competências e o otimismo. Participaram no estudo 226 adultos com idades compreendidas entre os 18 e os 63 anos. A análise das características psicométricas permitiu reter 25 itens e identificar uma estrutura composta por quatro subescalas. Obtiveram-se índices de precisão promissores e correlações moderadas a fortes com outras medidas da exploração e curiosidade, que atestam a validade de constructo. Discutem-se as potencialidades, as limitações e as implicações deste instrumento para o aconselhamento vocacional.
Based on the Planned Happenstance Theory and the Chaos Theory of Careers, this paper presents a new questionnaire for vocational assessment which aims to articulate the main ideas of these theories, specifically the disposition to explore the unpredictable and take advantage of opportunities generated by chance, the nonlinearity principle, the attractors, the self-confidence and the optimism. The participants were 226 adults aged between 18 and 63 years old. After psychometric analysis, 25 items were retained and a structure of four factors was identified. The four scales showed promising reliability scores and moderate to strong correlations with other measures of exploration and curiosity, which attest the construct validity. The potentialities, limitations and implications of using the questionnaire in vocational assessment are discussed.
Este artículo presenta una propuesta de un nuevo cuestionario para la evaluación vocacional, que se basa en la teoría Planned Happenstance y la teoría del caos de las carreras. Se presenta el proceso de elaboración del cuestionario, cuyo objetivo es articular las principales aportaciones de estas teorías, como la voluntad de explorar lo inesperado, generar y aprovechar las oportunidades, la no linealidad, los atractores de carrera, la confianza en las habilidades y el optimismo. Fueron parte de la investigación 226 adultos con edades entre 18 y 63 años. Los índices de precisión obtenidos son prometedores para las cuatro subescalas, con un total de 25 ítems, y se encuentran correlaciones entre moderadas a fuertes con las otras medidas de exploración y curiosidad, que corroboran la validez de constructo. Las implicaciones teóricas y prácticas del cuestionario para la orientación vocacional son discutidas.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Young Adult , Middle Aged , Nonlinear Dynamics , Vocational GuidanceABSTRACT
Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar a teoria do caos aplicada ao aconselhamento de carreira, retirando implicações para a prática dos profissionais de intervenção de carreira. Deste modo, são apresentados os contextos e abordagens de aconselhamento de carreira passados e atuais, seguindo-se uma descrição da teoria do caos e a sua aplicação ao aconselhamento de carreira. Por último, apresentam-se um conjunto de estratégias de intervenção vocacional tendo por base a teoria do caos. Conclui-se que um grande desafio em curso para profissionais de intervenção de carreira é ajudar os clientes a compreender a realidade e a enfrentar os desafios de viver e trabalhar no limite do caos.
This article aims to analyze the chaos theory as applied to career counseling, in order to draw implications for career counseling practice. The authors present different contexts and approaches to career counseling in the past and the present, as well as a description of chaos theory as applied to career counseling. The authors also present a set of career intervention strategies based on chaos theory. They conclude that, one of the most important challenges met by career psychologists, in their practice is helping clients to understand reality and face their ordeal of living and working on the edge of chaos.
Este artículo tiene el objetivo de presentar la teoría del caos aplicada al asesoramiento de carrera, retirando implicaciones para la práctica de los profesionales de intervención de carrera. Así, se presentan los contextos y abordajes de asesoramiento de carrera pasados y actuales, seguidos de una descripción de la teoría del caos y su aplicación al asesoramiento de carrera. Por último, se presentan un conjunto de estrategias de intervención vocacional teniendo por base la teoría del caos. Se concluye que un gran desafío en curso para profesionales de intervención de carrera es ayudar a los clientes a comprender la realidad y a enfrentar los desafíos de vivir y trabajar al borde del caos.
Subject(s)
Nonlinear Dynamics , Vocational GuidanceABSTRACT
The first appliances about Chaos Theory in the biological sciences, made by Robert May, turned visible thegrowth and appliance of this sciences in morphology or even in fisiology, when is stipulated the behaviorof very sensitive systems to different conditions, showing complex behavior. Behind this parameters, itwas stipulated a morphological study in microscopic and macroscopic scales for pathologic appliances andobtaining new parameters in the anatomy and histology field. We observed that the skin shows the greatestself-repetition pattern, being the largest organ in the human body. The circulatory system has its great blooddiffusion in function of a complex branched web of vases in a non-linear shape. It was observed a great fractalpatterns in the structure of the heart, and its frequency must be chaotic in function of the need of the humanbody and specific activities to avoid muscular hyperplasia. Bones and articulations denote dynamic interaction,what permit temporal adaptations such as the formation of the cranial bone sutures. The encephalic anatomy,specially the sulcus, got a self-repetition pattern. The following step was to stipulate these concepts in dynamicalprocess such as the cell differentiation.
Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Anatomy , Fractals , Molecular Structure , Physiology , Cellular Structures , Nonlinear DynamicsABSTRACT
En el presente trabajo se discuten los fundamentos de las ciencias de la complejidad y caos como herramientas en el análisis la proliferación de vectores y zoonosis. En la primera parte del artículo se describen los fundamentos y antecedentes de las ciencias de la complejidad, como una visión diferente para entender y analizar a los sistemas dinámicos, conceptos que han existido desde hace varios siglos y están relacionados con las ideas acerca del origen de la vida misma, que romperán con los paradigmas de la linealidad y el reduccionismo. Se ejemplifica con la utilización de la geometría fractal, mundo pequeño y los análisis de series de tiempo, entre otras herramientas, para entender el comportamiento de los sistemas caóticos que se presentan en la diseminación de enfermedades de origen zoonótico. Se concluye que la mayoría de los contagios, así como la diseminación de enfermedades transmitidas por los animales, tienen tendencia caótica. Dado que 75 % de las enfermedades emergentes son de origen zoonótico, las herramientas de las ciencias de la complejidad y la no linealidad resultan indispensables para entender el dinamismo y comportamientode la diseminación de estas patologías.
The present paper discusses the fundamentals of the sciences of complexity and chaos as tools in the proliferation of vectors and zoonosis. The first part of the article discusses the rationale and history of the sciences of complexity, a different view as to understand and analyze dynamic systems. These concepts explain the dynamics of the origin of life itself and break the paradigms of linearity and reductionism. This is exemplified by using fractal geometry, the law of the small world and time series analysis among other tools to understand the behavior of chaotic systems, which are presented in the form of the spread of zoonotic diseases. We conclude that most infections and the spread of diseases transmitted by animals tend towards being chaotic, and it is mentioned that 75% of emerging diseases are zoonotic in origin. Therefore, the tools are not linear. They are indispensable for understanding the dynamic behavior of the spread of these diseases.
Subject(s)
Animals , Disease Vectors , Nonlinear Dynamics , Systems Theory , Zoonoses , FractalsABSTRACT
Instructional system design is an important component of instruction. Chaos theory is used in instructional system design of clinical teaching. Application of butterfly effect, fractals and strange attractors theory enhances students’clinical capabilities and comprehensive ability to analyze and solve problems.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: In order to search for new parameters for the evaluation of the adequacy of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) the authors performed a non-linear analysis of electroencepha-logram(EEG)recorded during the course of electroconvulsive therapy(ECT)in a single female patient with depression. METHODS: Digitized EEG recordings from two ECT sessions spaced one week were analyzed at five different stages; pretreatment stable, postanesthetic-preictal, ictal, postictal suppression and posttreatment stable stages. RESULTS: Our analysis showed that 1)EEG signals had low dimensional (below 10 dimensions) deterministic characteristics 2) although EEG was nonstationary signal, non-linear parameters could reliably differentiate between various stages we examined. 3)the deterministic property of ictal EEG increased according to the progression of sessions and 4)the primary Lyapunov exponent(PLE)and correlation dimension of pre- and post-treatment stable stage EEG increased according to the progression of sessions. CONCLUSION: In this single case study, results of various non-linear analyses suggested that non-linear variables extracted from EEG recordings during ECT may have utilities as tools for the quantitative evaluation of ECT.