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1.
Eng. sanit. ambient ; 24(1): 101-107, jan.-fev. 2019. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1001946

ABSTRACT

RESUMO A agroindústria gera grandes volumes de resíduos com carga poluidora elevada, o que exige o desenvolvimento de tecnologias para minimização de impactos causados pela disposição inadequada desses resíduos no ambiente. A produção de ácido cítrico utilizando resíduos agroalimentares como substrato para fermentação é uma solução para a redução da carga orgânica desses poluentes, além de agregar valor econômico pela geração de produto rentável. Aspergillus niger AN 400 foi utilizado para produzir ácido cítrico a partir de soro de queijo. A pesquisa foi dividida em três fases, conforme adição de açúcar extra (50, 100 e 150 g.L-1): Fase I, com glicose; Fase II, com sacarose; e Fase III, apenas com o soro de queijo, sem adição extra de açúcar. Os reatores permaneceram sob agitação de 150 rpm e a 30ºC, por 10 dias. A maior concentração de ácido cítrico (2.379 mg.L-1) foi observada quando da adição de 100 g.L-1 de glicose. Porém, em termos de produtividade, os maiores valores foram registrados nos reatores com 50 (458 mg.L-1.dia-1) e 100 g.L-1 (745 mg.L-1.dia-1) de sacarose, seguido pelo reator que continha apenas soro de queijo, sem adição de açúcar extra (313 mg.L-1.dia-1), demonstrando o potencial desse resíduo para a obtenção desse ácido de grande interesse comercial.


ABSTRACT The agro-industry generates large volumes of waste with high organic load, which requires the development of technologies to minimize the impacts caused by the improper disposal of this waste on the environment. The citric acid produced by agro food wastes as substrate for fermentation is a solution to reduce the organic load of these pollutants and add economic value by generating a profitable product. Aspergillus niger AN 400 was used to produce citric acid from cheese whey. The study was divided in three phases according to the addition of extra sugar (50, 100, 150 g.L-1): Phase I, with glucose; Phase II, with sucrose, and Phase III, with cheese whey only, without adding extra sugar. The reactors remained under agitation 150 rpm and at 30ºC for 10 days. The highest concentration of citric acid (2,379 mg.L-1) was observed upon the addition of 100 g.L-1 of glucose. However, the greatest yields were recorded in the reactors with 50 (458 mg.L-1.day-1) and 100 g.L-1 (745 mg.L-1. day-1) of sucrose, followed by the reactor that contained only cheese whey, without adding extra sugar (313 mg.L-1.day-1), demonstrating the potential of this waste to obtain citric acid with a great commercial interest.

2.
Braz. arch. biol. technol ; 62: e19180550, 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1019547

ABSTRACT

Abstract The purpose of this paper was to evaluate the production of propionic acid from the fermentation of agroindustrial effluents using a Propionibacterium acidipropionici culture. The composition of the substrates was determined by using an experimental design of mixtures, resulting in 10 trials. The substrates were fermented in batch borosilicate glass reactors at a temperature of 35°C, initial pH of 6.5, and 20 mL.L-1 of inoculum suspension. The highest yield of propionic acid production, 0.79 g of product per g of substrate, was obtained with a substrate composed only of corn steep liquor, which showed a productivity of 5.20 mg.L-1h-1 and production of 0.40mL.L-1. These results showed that the corn steep liquor positively influenced performance and productivity. Although the production of acid did not reach high values, the results indicate that it is possible to produce propionic acid by a biotechnological route; however, further studies are required to adapt and optimise these results.


Subject(s)
Propionates/analysis , Agribusiness , Biotechnology , Cheese , Fermentation , High Fructose Corn Syrup
3.
São Paulo; s.n; s.n; 2017. 197p ilus, tab, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-874973

ABSTRACT

Bacteriocins are antimicrobial peptides ribosomally synthesized by various bacteria. In particular, the bacteriocins produced by lactic acid bacteria have recently received great attention due to their wide applicability and also because they are produced by microorganisms safe for human consumption. There are numerous studies reporting bacteriocin production by different lactic acid bacteria, as well as its optimization by using alternative substrate. Some of these studies point to milk/cheese whey as a potential low-cost source for the cultivation of lactic acid bacteria and the production of biocomposites, such as bacteriocins. Several researches refer to the production of bacteriocins, mainly nisin. On the other hand, the production of bacteriocins by Lactobacillus plantarum strains still limited. In this context, the present work first studied the growth and production of bacteriocin by L. plantarum strain ST16Pa when cultivated in Man, Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) broth with and without inulin supplementation incubated under shaken and stationary conditions. The results indicated that this strain has higher growth when cultured in aerobiosis; however, the highest bacteriocin activity is obtained in stationary condition. The stability and partitioning of bacteriocin from the fermented MRS broth of L. plantarum ST16Pa in the PEG/NaPA/electrolytes aqueous two-phase systems was also studied. After 1 h in temperatures from 50 °C to 80 °C and pH from 3.0 to 8.0, the produced bacteriocin remained stable. In addition, the proposed partition system has proved to be an economical alternative for the recovery and purification of this biomolecule. Motivated by the trend in use industrial by products aiming the production of high value-added biocomposites, we investigated the performance of milk/cheese whey as alternative substrate for L. plantarum ST16Pa growth and for the production of antimicrobial biomolecules by this strain. For this purpose, the study was divided in two steps, being the first developed using whey powder supplemented according to the Plackett & Burman experimental design, with 12 trials and 4 central points. Although the proposed design was not the ideal statistical tool to optimize the bacteriocin ST16Pa production, through it was possible to obtain a formulation, which resulted in greater inhibition zones when compared with previous date reported by other authors using the same strain cultured in cheese whey. Later, still using L. plantarum strain ST16Pa, we investigated the production of bacteriocin and lactate in fresh cheese whey previously hydrolyzed by Flavourzyme or Lactozym. The cultures were optimized by supplementing this medium with different concentrations of soybean flour, which were incubated under aerobic and microaerophilic/anaerobic conditions. The highest values of bacteriocin activity (7,367.23 AU/mL) and lactate yield (Ylactate/lactose = 1.39 g/g) were obtained under anaerobic conditions using 10 g/L of soybean flour to supplement cheese whey prehydrolyzed with Flavourzyme during 3 h. Finally, the cell-free supernatant resulted from this cultivation was applied on the surfaces of chicken breast fillets artificially contaminated with Enterococcus faecium 711, showing biopreservative efficiency during 7 days of storage under refrigeration.


Bacteriocinas são peptídeos antimicrobianos sintetizados por diversas bactérias. Em particular, as bacteriocinas produzidas por bactérias ácido-láticas têm recebido crescente destaque devido sua ampla aplicabilidade e também por serem produzidas por microorganismos seguros para o consumo humano. Inúmeros estudos relatam a produção de bacteriocina por diversas bactérias ácido-láticas, bem como a otimização da produção desta biomolécula utilizando fontes alternativas de substrato. Alguns destes estudos apontam o soro de leite/queijo como uma fonte potencial e de baixo custo para o cultivo de bactérias láticas e produção de biocompostos, tais como bacteriocinas. Diversas pesquisas se referem à produção de bacteriocinas, principalmente a nisina. Por outro lado, a produção de bacteriocinas por cepas de Lactobacillus plantarum ainda é limitada. Neste âmbito, o presente trabalho estudou, primeiramente, o crescimento e produção de bacteriocina pela cepa L. plantarum ST16Pa quando cultivada em caldo Man, Rogosa e Sharpe (MRS) com e sem suplementação de inulina sob condições aeradas e sem agitação. Os resultados indicaram que este micro-organismo tem maior crescimento quando cultivado em aerobiose, entretanto, os maiores valores de atividade da bacteriocina produzida foram obtidos em cultivos não agitados. Ainda utilizando MRS para o cultivo desta cepa, investigou-se a estabilidade e partição da bacteriocina em sistema aquoso de duas fases do tipo PEG/NaPA/electrólitos. Após 1 h submetida à temperaturas entre 50 °C e 80 °C e pH entre 3,0 e 8,0, a bacteriocina produzida permaneceu estável. Além disso, o sistema de partição proposto demonstrou ser uma alternativa econômica para recuperação e purificação desta biomolécula. Motivados pela tendência do uso de subprodutos industriais para a produção de biocompostos de alto valor agregado, investigou-se o desempenho do soro de leite/queijo como substrato alternativo para o crescimento de L. plantarum ST16Pa e a consequente produção de biomoléculas antimicrobianas por esta cepa. O estudo foi divido em duas etapas, sendo a primeira desenvolvida utilizando soro de leite em pó suplementado de acordo com o delineamento experimental Plackett & Burman, com 12 ensaios e mais 4 pontos centrais. Embora o delineamento proposto não tenha sido a ferramenta estatística ideal para alcançar a otimização da produção de bacteriocina ST16Pa, através do mesmo foi possível obter uma formulação, a qual gerou maiores halos de inibição quando comparados com resultados prévios reportados por outros autores utilizando a mesma cepa cultivada em soro de queijo. Posteriormente, ainda utilizando L. plantarum ST16Pa, investigou-se a produção de bacteriocina e lactato em soro de queijo fresco previamente hidrolisado por Flavourzyme ou Lactozym. Os cultivos foram otimizado através da suplementação deste meio de cultura com diferentes concentrações de farinha de soja, os quais foram incubados sob condições aeróbicas e microaerofílicas/anaeróbicas. Os maiores valores de atividade da bacteriocina (7367,23 AU/mL) e rendimento de lactato (Ylactate/lactose = 1,39 g/g) foram obtidos sob condições anaeróbicas utilizando 10 g/L de farinha de soja para suplementar o soro de queijo hidrolizado por Flavourzyme durante 3 h. Por fim, o sobrenadante resultante deste cultivo foi aplicado sobre a superfície de filés de peito de frango artificialmente contaminados por Enterococcus faecium 711, demonstrando eficiência como bioconservante durante 7 dias de armazenamento sob refrigeração.


Subject(s)
Cheese/adverse effects , Process Optimization , Whey/adverse effects , Bacteriocins/analysis , Lactobacillus plantarum/classification
4.
Ciênc. rural ; 46(5): 921-926, May 2016. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-777289

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT: One of the greatest challenges for dairy industries is the correct destination of all the whey generated during cheese making, considering its high impact, the large volume created, and its technological potential. Enzymatic hydrolysis of cheese whey lactose is a biotechnological alternative. However, one of the limiting factors of its use is the relatively high cost of the enzymes, which could be lowered with the immobilization of these biocatalysts. Considering this context, the objective of this research was to evaluate the commercial Kluyveromyces lactis β-galactosidase enzyme immobilized in calcium alginate spheres and gelatin, using glutaraldehyde and concanavalin A (ConA) as modifying agents in the hydrolysis of cheese whey lactose process. Results have shown that the enzyme encapsulation complexed with ConA in alginate-gelatin spheres, without glutaraldehyde in the immobilization support, has significantly increased the hydrolysis of lactose rate, achieving a maximum conversion of 72%.


RESUMO: Um dos grandes desafios das indústrias de laticínios é destinar de forma correta todo o soro gerado durante a produção de queijo, devido ao seu impacto ambiental, grande volume gerado e potencial tecnológico. A hidrólise enzimática da lactose presente no soro de queijo é uma alternativa biotecnológica. Contudo, um dos fatores limitantes de sua utilização é o custo relativamente alto das enzimas, o que poderia ser minimizado com a imobilização destes biocatalisadores. Baseado nesse contexto, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a enzima comercial β-galactosidase de Kluyveromyces lactis, imobilizada em esferas de alginato de cálcio e gelatina, empregando o glutaraldeído e a concanavalina A (ConA) como agentes modificadores, no processo de hidrólise da lactose presente no soro de queijo. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que o encapsulamento da enzima complexada com ConA em esferas de alginato-gelatina, sem a presença de glutaraldeído no meio de imobilização, aumentou de modo significativo o teor de hidrólise da lactose, obtendo conversão máxima de 72%.

5.
Ciênc. rural ; 44(11): 2090-2094, 11/2014. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-728726

ABSTRACT

A indústria de leite e derivados no Brasil lança todos os anos diversos novos produtos no mercado, incluindo produtos de alto valor nutricional e tecnologia de fabricação de baixo custo. Focando neste tema, foi avaliado o efeito do envase a quente de uma bebida a base de soro de leite tratada termicamente após fermentação, e sua conservação à temperatura ambiente, por 84 dias. Durante o processamento, utilizou-se um tratamento térmico brando, aliado ao baixo pH, para que a bebida pudesse ser armazenada a temperatura ambiente. Garrafas PET de 250 mL foram utilizadas para o envase a quente do produto. Para avaliar sua estabilidade durante o armazenamento, foram realizadas periodicamente análises físico-químicas, microbiológicas e análise sensorial. Os resultados obtidos foram analisados por análise de variância e teste de Tukey para comparação de médias. Análises físico-químicas e microbiológicas indicaram que a bebida manteve-se estável; entretanto, o sabor foi alterado ao longo do armazenamento. O baixo custo do processamento e embalagem são benefícios do produto avaliado, podendo-se concluir que a bebida é uma boa forma para a utilização do soro de leite. Uma grande vantagem deste produto é o seu armazenamento à temperatura ambiente, dispensando o uso da refrigeração durante o transporte e acondicionamento em supermercados.


The Brazilian dairy industry launches several new products on the market every year, including products with high nutritional value and low-cost manufacturing technology. Focusing on this issue, a cheese whey beverage thermally treated after fermentation was hot-filled and evaluated for 84 days. During the beverage manufacturing, we applied a mild heat treatment in combination with low pH aiming to store the beverage at room temperature. PET bottles were used to hot filling of the product. To assess the product stability during the storage period, we performed, periodically, physico-chemical, microbiological and sensory analysis. The obtained results were analyzed by the Analysis of Variance and Tukey's test. Physical-chemical and microbiological analysis indicated that the beverage remained stable; however, the flavor was altered during the storage period. Since hot-filling of dairy beverages in PET bottles is a low cost-effective procedure easily deployed in dairy plants, this process allows the productive use of cheese whey. A remarkable advantage of such product is its possible storage at room temperature, reducing distribution and sales expenditures with cooling.

6.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 66(3): 959-964, 06/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-718072

ABSTRACT

Cheese whey level and caseinomacropeptide (CMP) index of fermented milk beverages added with four levels of cheese whey (0, 10, 20, and 40percent) and stored at 8-10oC for 0, 7, 14 and 21 days were determined by high performance liquid chromatography-gel filtration (HPLC-GF). Additionally, the interference of the starter culture and the storage time on the detection of cheese whey and CMP were investigated. Refrigerated storage up to 21 days did not affect (P>0.05) cheese whey and CMP amounts in milk (0 percent of cheese whey) and in fermented milk beverages added with 10 and 20percent of cheese whey (P>0.05). However, cheese whey and CMP amounts were higher than expected (P<0.05) in fermented milk beverages added with 40 percent of cheese whey and stored for 21 days...


O presente trabalho teve como objetivos quantificar o teor de soro e o índice de caseinomacropeptídeo (CMP) de bebidas lácteas fermentadas preparadas em laboratório, adicionadas de diferentes concentrações de soro (0, 10, 20 e 40 por cento), fermentadas e armazenadas em refrigeração (8-10oC) por tempos distintos (zero, sete, 14 e 21 dias), por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência-filtração em gel (CLAE-FG), bem como verificar a interferência da cultura utilizada no preparo das bebidas lácteas fermentadas e do tempo de armazenamento na detecção de soro lácteo e CMP. Quando os teores de soro lácteo e os índices de CMP obtidos por CLAE-FG de bebidas lácteas fermentadas foram analisados ao longo do tempo de armazenamento, verificou-se que não houve diferença (p>0,05) para o leite (0 por cento de soro) e as bebidas lácteas com 10 e 20 por cento de soro nos tempos de zero, sete, 14 e 21 dias de armazenamento. No entanto, para a bebida láctea fermentada adicionada de 40 por cento de soro, foi observada diferença para o tempo de armazenamento de 21 dias (p<0,05), em que o teor de soro e o índice de CMP obtidos foram maiores que os demais, que se mostraram equivalentes entre si (p>0,05) para os tempos de zero, sete e 14 dias...


Subject(s)
Animals , Cheese , Caseins/isolation & purification , Milk/chemistry , Peptides/isolation & purification , Cultured Milk Products/chemistry , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Food Technology , Lacticaseibacillus casei/isolation & purification
7.
Braz. j. microbiol ; 45(2): 379-387, Apr.-June 2014. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-723092

ABSTRACT

This study aimed the optimization of culture condition and composition for production of Cryptococcus laurentii 11 biomass and lipids in cheese whey medium supplemented with sugarcane molasses. The optimization of pH, fermentation time, and molasses concentration according to a full factorial statistical experimental design was followed by a Plackett-Burman experimental design, which was used to determine whether the supplementation of the culture medium by yeast extract and inorganic salts could provide a further enhancement of lipids production. The following conditions and composition of the culture medium were found to optimize biomass and lipids production: 360 h fermentation, 6.5 pH and supplementation of (g L-1): 50 molasses, 0.5 yeast extract, 4 KH2PO4, 1 Na2HPO4, 0.75 MgSO4•7H2O and 0.002 ZnSO4•H2O. Additional supplementation with inorganic salts and yeast extract was essential to optimize the production, in terms of product concentration and productivity, of neutral lipids by C. laurentii 11. Under this optimized condition, the production of total lipids increased by 133% in relation to control experiment (from 1.27 to 2.96 g L-1). The total lipids indicated a predominant (86%) presence of neutral lipids with high content of 16- and 18- carbon-chain saturated and monosaturated fatty acids. This class of lipids is considered especially suitable for the production of biodiesel.


Subject(s)
Cheese/microbiology , Cryptococcus/growth & development , Cryptococcus/metabolism , Lipid Metabolism , Molasses , Culture Media/chemistry , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Time Factors
8.
Braz. j. microbiol ; 44(4): 1067-1074, Oct.-Dec. 2013. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-705252

ABSTRACT

The aim of our study was to select the optimal operating conditions to permeabilize Kluyveromyces lactis cells using ethanol as a solvent as an alternative to cell disruption and extraction. Cell permeabilization was carried out by a non-mechanical method consisting of chemical treatment with ethanol, and the results were expressed as β-galactosidase activity. Experiments were conducted under different conditions of ethanol concentration, treatment time and temperature according to a central composite rotatable design (CCRD), and the collected results were then worked out by response surface methodology (RSM). Cell permeabilization was improved by an increase in ethanol concentration and simultaneous decreases in the incubation temperature and treatment time. Such an approach allowed us to identify an optimal range of the independent variables within which the β-galactosidase activity was optimized. A maximum permeabilization of 2,816 mmol L-1 oNP min-1 g-1 was obtained by treating cells with 75.0% v/v of ethanol at 20.0 °C for 15.0 min. The proposed methodology resulted to be effective and suited for K. lactis cells permeabilization at a lab-scale and promises to be of possible interest for future applications mainly in the food industry.


Subject(s)
Cell Membrane/drug effects , Ethanol/toxicity , Kluyveromyces/drug effects , Permeability/drug effects , Cell Membrane/physiology , Kluyveromyces/physiology , Models, Statistical , Temperature , Time Factors , beta-Galactosidase/analysis
9.
Ciênc. rural ; 43(11): 2056-2062, nov. 2013. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-689949

ABSTRACT

Objetivou-se neste trabalho medir a influência de diferentes dietas líquidas sobre o rendimento de carcaça, cortes comerciais e componentes do peso vivo de bezerros mestiços, abatidos aos 60 dias de idade. Foram utilizados 24 bezerros mestiços, distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro tratamentos e seis repetições: Leite integral (Controle); 50% Leite integral + 50% de Soro de queijo in natura; 50% Leite integral + 50% de Soro de queijo adicionado de um ovo integral; e 50% Leite integral + 50% de Soro de queijo adicionado de um ovo integral, adicionado de biotina. Foram avaliados o consumo, ganho de peso e todos os dados relacionados às características e rendimentos de carcaça, rendimentos dos cortes comerciais e componentes de peso vivo. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e teste de comparação de médias Tukey (P<0,05). Não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos testados sob as variáveis avaliadas. A substituição do leite integral por soro de queijo in natura pode ser adotada como forma de reduzir o custo de produção na fase de aleitamento, uma vez que tal substituição não interfere negativamente no desenvolvimento dos animais.


This research evaluated the influence of different liquid diets on carcass yield, and components of retail cuts weight of crossbred calves slaughtered at 60 days of age. It was used 24 crossbred calves distributed in a completely randomized design with four treatments and six replications: whole milk, 50% whole milk + 50% of cheese whey, 50% whole milk + 50% cheese whey supplemented with a whole egg; whole milk and 50% + 50% of cheese whey supplemented with a egg added with biotin. It was evaluated intake, weight gain and slaughter weight. After slaughter at 60 days, it was collected all data related to carcass characteristics, commercial cut yields and components of body weight. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey mean comparison (P<0.05). The substitution of milk by cheese whey in nature can be adopted as a way to reduce the cost of production in lactating since such a substitution will not adversely interfere with the development of animals.

10.
Ciênc. rural ; 43(9): 1693-1700, set. 2013.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-683170

ABSTRACT

O soro do leite é um subproduto de relevância da indústria de queijos por ser produzido em grande volume e conter aproximadamente 55% dos nutrientes do leite. O seu aproveitamento industrial em produtos da alimentação humana ainda é considerado baixo, visto que a alta concentração de minerais proporciona uma baixa aceitação sensorial dos alimentos que o contém. Dessa forma, têm-se desenvolvido bebidas, principalmente as fermentadas, que apresentam novos sabores e aromas, com o objetivo de recuperar essa importante fonte de nutrientes para a cadeia alimentar humana. Observa-se, portanto, que a utilização do soro de queijo enriquece os produtos que os contém e evita o descarte diretamente no solo, na rede pública de esgoto, rios e lagos, minimizando o impacto negativo, conforme abordado nesta revisão.


The whey is a relevant by-product in the cheese industry for being produced in large volume and for containing approximately 55% of its nutrients from milk. Its industry performance upon human nutrition products is still considered low, because the high concentration of minerals provides a low sensorial acceptation of food. Thus, beverages have been developed, mainly the fermented ones that display new flavors and aromas, aiming at recovering such important source of nutrients for the human food chain. It is observed, therefore, that the use of cheese whey enriches the products that contain them and avoid the culling directly in the soil, in the sewage system, rivers, and lakes, minimizing the negative impact, as discussed in this review.

11.
Braz. arch. biol. technol ; 56(4): 629-636, July-Aug. 2013. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-684515

ABSTRACT

This work aimed to evaluate nine strains of yeast, previously identified as good producers of lipids in honey medium, for selecting the most suitable strain for the production of lipids in cheese whey medium and compared two well known extraction methods of lipids from the culture medium. The highest yield of total lipids was 1.27 g.L-1 produced by Cryptococcus laurentii 11. A comparison was made between the two culture media: cheese whey and liquid YEPG, and two lipid extraction methods: Bligh and Dyer and Folch et al. for C. laurentii. The experiments were performed with 2² full factorial design using two factors and two levels. Lipid content was higher in cheese whey and there was no difference in the extraction methods statistically. The method of Bligh and Dyer was used in preference to Folch et al. as it resulted in larger mean of total lipids.

12.
Ciênc. rural ; 43(4): 716-721, abr. 2013. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-669364

ABSTRACT

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o desenvolvimento dos compartimentos estomacais de bezerros mestiços submetidos a diferentes dietas líquidas. Foram utilizados 24 bezerros mestiços, distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro tratamentos e seis repetições: Leite integral; 50% Leite integral + 50% de Soro de queijo; 50% Leite integral + 50% de Soro de queijo adicionado de um ovo integral; e 50% Leite integral + 50% de Soro de queijo adicionado de um ovo integral adicionado de biotina. Foram avaliados o consumo de matéria seca, o ganho de peso, o peso absoluto e relativo (ao peso do corpo vazio e peso do estômago completo) dos quatro compartimentos estomacais, além da altura das papilas de quatro regiões do rúmen. As dietas testadas não afetaram nenhuma das características avaliadas, ficando evidenciada uma relação entre o desempenho dos animais e o desenvolvimento dos compartimentos gástricos. O desenvolvimento dos estômagos de bezerros não foi afetado pelas dietas líquidas testadas, sendo, portanto, possível a substituição de 50% do leite integral por soro de queijo.


This research evaluated the influence of different liquid diets on development of the stomach compartments of crossbred calves. It was used 24 crossbred calves distributed in a completely randomized design with four treatments and six replications: whole milk, 50% whole milk + 50% of cheese whey, 50% whole milk + 50% cheese whey supplemented with a whole egg; whole milk and 50% + 50% of cheese whey a supplemented with a egg added with biotin. I was evaluated the dry matter intake, weight gain, absolute and relative weight (weight of the empty body and weight stomach full) of the four stomach compartments, and papillae height of four rumen regions. The experimental diets did not affect any of the traits, being shown a relationship between animal performance and development of gastric compartments. The development of calf stomachs was not affected by the tested liquid diets, therefore enabling the replacement of 50% of milk for cheese whey.

13.
Braz. arch. biol. technol ; 56(2): 259-268, Mar.-Apr. 2013. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-675644

ABSTRACT

The aim of the present study was to investigate the antimicrobial effect of the lipopeptide biosurfactants produced by Bacillus licheniformis strain M104 grown on whey. The biosurfactant was investigated for potential antimicrobial activity by using the disc-diffusion method against different Gram-positive bacteria {B subtilis, B. thuringiensis (two strains), B. cereus, Staphylococcus aureus (two strains) and Listeria monocytogenes)}, Gram-negative bacteria {(Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli (two strains), Salmonella typhimurium, Proteous vulgaris and Klebsiella pneumoniae) and a yeast (Candida albicans)}. The biosurfactant showed profoundly distinct antibacterial activity toward tested bacteria and displayed an antifungal activity against the tested yeast. Maximum antimicrobial activity of the biosurfactant was shown against S. aureus ATCC 25928. The biosurfactant had a broad inhibition effect on intracellular components of S. aureus ATCC 25928. The antimicrobial effect of lipopeptide biosurfactant produced by B. licheniformis strain M104 was time and concentration dependent. When biosurfactant was added to S. aureus medium in a concentration of (48 μg / ml), the maximum reduction of acid soluble phosphorous (53.06 %), total lipid (90.47 %) total proteins (53.43%), RNA (83.29 %) and DNA (48.50%) were recorded after 12 h of incubation period. From the preliminary characterization results, it could be concluded that biosurfactants were a suitable alternative in potential applications of medical fields.

14.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 63(6): 1553-1558, dez. 2011. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-608982

ABSTRACT

High performance liquid chromatography was used in order to detect cheese whey in samples of raw milk preserved with Bronopol®. Six samples were collected and divided in 45 aliquots of 40mL. From these, 15 were used as control and stored frozen, 15 were added with Bronopol® and stored at 7ºC, and the other 15 were added with Bronopol® and stored at 30ºC. In all groups, five levels of cheese whey addition (0, 2, 5, 10, and 20 percent) were tested. The samples were submitted to high performance liquid chromatography on the 2nd, 4th, and 8th days of storage. A completely random design was used, following the factorial scheme (5x3x3) and the results were compared through the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test. There was no difference among the treatments (P>0.05), which allows the conclusion that raw milk preserved with Bronopol® may be used for the determination of cheese whey addition in milk through high performance liquid chromatography.


O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a viabilidade do uso de amostras de leite cru conservadas com Bronopol® na pesquisa de soro de queijo por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE). Seis amostras foram coletadas e subdivididas em 45 alíquotas de 40mL. Destas, 15 compuseram o grupo controle e foram armazenadas sob congelamento, 15 amostras foram adicionadas de Bronopol® e armazenadas a 7ºC e outras 15 foram adicionadas de bronopol e estocadas a 30º C. Em todos os grupos, cinco porcentagens de soro de queijo foram adicionados, 0, 2, 5, 10 e 20 por cento. As amostras foram submetidas à cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência no segundo, quarto e oitavo dias de armazenamento. Foi utilizado o delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com os tratamentos em esquema fatorial 5x3x3 e os resultados comparados por meio do teste não paramétrico de Kruskal Wallis. Não houve diferença (P>0,05) entre os tratamentos, concluindo-se que é possível utilizar amostras de leite cru conservadas com Bronopol® para pesquisa de soro de queijo em leite por CLAE.

15.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 63(4): 1039-1042, ago. 2011.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-599630

ABSTRACT

An electronic equipment based on the infrared spectroscopy was evaluated to measure the whey composition in "Minas padrão" and "prato" cheeses. The results for fat, protein, and total solids using infrared instrument based on filters and using standard methods were compared. There were differences between the values obtained from both analytical methods, and since compounds formed during heating of the analyzed whey may have interfered with infrared spectrum readings, a linear transformation of the data was done. After this statistical adjustment, results for "Minas padrão" cheese were equivalent in both infrared and standard methods. For "prato" cheese whey, the difference was significant, even after the adjustment.


Subject(s)
Animals , Milk , Cheese/analysis , Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared
16.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 60(1): 243-250, fev. 2008. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-483282

ABSTRACT

O perfil físico-químico de soros de queijos mozarela e minas-padrão foi analisado em quatro das cinco macrorregiões com maior produção desses queijos no estado de Minas Gerais: Alto São Francisco, Zona Metalúrgica, Zona da Mata e Sul de Minas. Os valores média+desvio padrão encontrados para os componentes do soro de queijo mozarela foram: -0,565+0,031ºH para crioscopia; 6,19+0,26 para pH; 13,16+3,08ºD para acidez; 6,33+0,43g/100g para sólidos totais; 93,67+0,43g/100g para umidade; 0,77+0,26g/100g para gordura; 0,84+0,04g/100g para proteína; 4,42+0,68g/100g para lactose; 0,47+0,04g/100g para cinzas; 0,18+0,01g/100g para cloretos e 1,0253+0,0006 para densidade. Para soro de queijo minas-padrão, foram encontrados: -0,555+0,030ºH para crioscopia; 6,30+0,31 para pH; 12,48+2,07ºD para acidez; 6,28+0,51g/100g para sólidos totais; 93,97+0,54 g/100g para umidade; 0,70+0,21g/100g para gordura; 0,49+0,03g/100g para cinzas; 4,12+0,36 g/100g para lactose; 0,80+0,04g/100g para proteínas; 0,20+0,01g/100g para cloretos e 1,0249+0,0009 para densidade. Não houve diferença significativa entre os dois tipos de soro, mas encontrou-se diferença entre os soros de diferentes regiões para crioscopia, sólidos totais, umidade e densidade, e observou-se interação tipo de soro versus região para proteínas, acidez, gordura e cloretos. Os teores de lactose e resíduo mineral fixo (cinzas) não apresentaram nenhuma diferença significativa. Por não existir um padrão de identidade e qualidade específico para soros de queijo, esses resultados podem ser tomados como base para se desenvolver tais padrões.


The physical-chemical profile of the whey of mozzarella and minas-padrão cheeses was studied in four regions ("Alto São Francisco", "Zona Metalúrgica", "Zona da Mata" and "Sul de Minas") which produce milk and cheese in Minas Gerais. Due to the lack of a specific identity and a quality pattern for cheese whey, the results can be taken as a base to develop such patterns. The mean values found for mozzarella cheese whey were: - 0.565± 0.031ºH for freezing point; 6.19± 0.26 for pH; 13.16± 3.08ºD for titratable acidity; 6.33± 0.43g/100g for total solids; 93.67± 0.43g/100g for moisture; 0.77± 0.26g/100g for fat; 0.84± 0.04g/100g for protein; 4.42± 0.68g/100g for lactose; 0.47± 0.04 g/100g for ashes; 0.18± 0.01g/100g for chlorine and 1.0253± 0.0006 for density. In relation to minas-padrão cheese whey, the following mean results were obtained: - 0.555± 0.030ºH for freezing point; 6.30± 0.31 for pH; 12.48± 2.07ºD for titratable acidity; 6.28± 0.51g/100g for total solids; 93.97± 0.54 g/100g for moisture; 0.70± 0.21g/100g for fat; 0.80± 0.04g/100g for protein; 4.12± 0.36g/100g for lactose; 0.49± 0.03g/100g for ashes; 0.20± 0.01g/100g for chlorine and 1.0249± 0.0009 for density. No statistical difference between those types of whey was observed, but difference among wheys from regions for freezing point, total solids, moisture and density as well as interaction whey x regions for protein, titratable acidity, fat, and chorine were found. Only lactose and ash contents did not present any statistical difference.


Subject(s)
Animals , Food Quality , Chemical Phenomena , Cheese/analysis
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