Effects of lactoprotein iron chelates on iron deficiency anaemia in rats / 预防医学

Objective@#To investigate the effects of lactoprotein iron chelates on rats with iron deficiency anaemia (IDA), so as to provide insights into developing and utilizing novel iron supplements.@*Methods@#Seventy weaning female SPF-graded rats of the SD strain were randomly divided into the control group (A), model group (B), ferrous sulfate group (C), lactoferrin group (D), lactoferrin iron chelate group (E), Casein oligopeptide iron chelate group (F) and whey protein oligopeptide iron chelate group (G), with 10 rats in each group. The rats in group A were fed with normal diet, and the others were fed with poor iron diet for IDA modeling. The corresponding interventions were given by intragastric administration once a day. The iron ion concentrations of group C, E, F and G were 2.0 mg/kg, and the protein and oligopeptide concentrations of group D, E, F and G were 2 000 mg/kg. Body weight and hemoglobin of rats were measured weekly during 21-day intervention. At the end, peripheral blood samples were collected, and blood routine, iron metabolism and liver function indicators were determined. @*Results@#After the intervention, among blood routine indicators, the rats in group C, E, F and G showed elevated hemoglobin, red blood cell, mean corpuscular volume and hematocrit, and decreased free protoporphyrin and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration when compared with the rats in group B (all P<0.05); among iron metabolism indicators, the rats in group C, E and G showed elevated serum ferritin, the rats in group C, E, F and G showed elevated serum iron, the rats in group C, D, E, F and G showed decreased unsaturated iron binding capacity and total iron binding capacity when compared with the rats in group B (all P<0.05); among liver function indicators, the rats in group E and G showed decreased alanine transaminase when compared with the rats in group B (both P<0.05). @*Conclusions@#Lactoprotein alone could not completely improve IDA in rats compared with traditional iron supplement (ferrous sulfate). Lactoprotein iron chelate, especially whey protein oligopeptide iron chelate, could significantly improve IDA, iron reserve and liver function damage in rats.

Biodisponibilidad de minerales que lados y no que lados: una revisión sistemática / Bioavailability of chelated and non-chelated minerals: a systematic review

RESUMEN Los minerales son elementos esenciales para la vida y su equilibrio es imprescindible para múltiples procesos fisiológicos, bioquímicos y metabólicos. La forma en que son ingeridos determina su funcionalidad. Se sugiere que los minerales quelados tienen mejor biodisponibilidad. El objetivo del trabajo fue realizar una revisión sistemática para verificar si los minerales quelados (MQ) son más biodisponibles que los no quelados (MNQ). Se revisaron publicaciones en el período entre 2007 y 2017 en las bases de datos Pubmed, Lilacs y Cochrane Library en los idiomas portugués e inglés, y con las palabras clave: "mineral chelates", "micronutrient chelate", "bioavailability micronutrient chelate", organic mineral, "iron chelate", "zinc chelate", "magnesium chelate", "copper chelate" y "chelate" y sus respectivas traducciones en portugués (idioma original de este artículo). Se seleccionaron 446 artículos, quedando 24 trabajos pendientes de aplicación de criterios de inclusión/exclusión, siendo 15 de ellos en animales (manganeso, zinc, cobre, hierro, cromo, cobalto y selenio) y 9 en humanos, sólo con hierro y calcio. Los estudios demostraron mayor absorción, transporte y biodisponibilidad para los MQ en comparación con los MNQ. Sin embargo, serían necesarios más estudios en humanos, abordando la biodisponibilidad de otros minerales, así como la estandarización de las dosificaciones de estos micronutrientes.

ABSTRACT Minerals are essential elements for life and their balance is important for multiple physiological, biochemical and metabolic processes. The way they are ingested determines their functionality. It has been suggested that chelated minerals have better bioavailability. The objective of this work was to perform a systematic review of published articles to verify if chelated minerals are more bioavailable than non-chelated minerals. Publications were reviewed in the period between 2007 and 2017 in Pubmed, Lilacs and Cochrane Library databases in Portuguese and English with the keywords: "mineral chelates", "micronutrient chelate", "bioavailability micronutrient chelate", organic mineral, "iron chelate", "zinc chelate", "magnesium chelate", "copper chelate" and "chelate" and their respective translations in Portuguese (the original language of this article). 446 articles were selected and 24 papers were left after the application of inclusion / exclusion criteria. Of these, 15 were in animals (manganese, zinc, copper, iron, chromium, cobalt and selenium) and 9 in humans, and focused on iron and calcium. The studies showed greater absorption, transport and bioavailability for chelated compared to non-chelated minerals. More human studies, however, are necessary to address the bioavailability of other minerals, as well as the standardization of the dosajes of these micronutrients.

Comparison of the efficacy of iron amino acid chelate and ferrous sulfate in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia among pregnant women seen at the out-patient department of a tertiary medical center on 2016-2017 / Philippine Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology

Background@#Anemia is a major global problem that affects women and prevalent during pregnancy. Effective management is needed to prevent adverse maternal and pregnancy outcomes. Ferrous iron salts are the preparation of choice and recommended for both prevention and treatment of iron deficiency anemia (IDA). However, most commonly available iron supplement are poorly absorbed, with gastrointestinal disturbances as side effect.@*Objective@#To compare the efficacy of iron amino acid chelate and ferrous sulfate in the treatment of IDA among pregnant women seen at the out-patient department of a tertiary medical center.@*Methodology@#This study is a single blind randomized clinical trial which included women 18 to 40 years old, with singleton pregnancies diagnosed with IDA without any co-existing fetal and maternal complications seen at the OutPatient Department. Forty eight eligible participants were randomized, with 24 women allocated on each treatment arm who took their assigned treatment twice a day for 90 days. Hemoglobin, hematocrit, MCHC, MCV, RDW & serum ferritin levels were taken at baseline and monitored on days 30, 60 and 90 from initiation of treatment. Mean blood parameters between two treatment arms were compared on days 30, 60 and 90 post-treatment as well as the mean difference of blood parameters on days post-treatment from the baseline using T-test. Chi-square was used to compare adverse effects between two treatment arms.@*Results@#No statistically significant differences in the mean blood parameters on days 30 and 60 of treatment between Iron amino acid chelate and Ferrous sulfate. It was only on day 90 from initiation of treatment when there were a significantly higher hematocrit and MCHC and lower RDW in Iron amino acid chelate compared to Ferrous sulfate group. All of the CBC parameters on days 30, 60, and 90 post-treatment when compared to baseline level were significantly increased for both treatment arms. However, day 90 level of serum ferritin in the Iron amino acid chelate group significantly increased unlike those in ferrous sulfate group.@*Conclusion@#Iron amino acid chelate is comparable to Ferrous sulfate in the treatment of IDA among pregnant women. Iron amino acid chelate was found to be superior to Ferrous sulfate in achieving optimum treatment response even at a lower dose with lesser adverse effects. Hence, better oral iron treatment tolerability, thereby, compliance to long-term therapy can be expected resulting to successful treatment outcome.

Development of Immunochromatographic Strips Based on Covalently Conjugated BHHCT-Eu3+@SiO2 for Rapid and Quantitative Detection of Kanamycin / 分析化学

As a kind of fluorescent nanoprobe, BHHCT-Eu3+ @ SiO2 fluorescent nanoparticles were synthesized using microwave irradiation. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the nanoparticles were in spherical shape with particle size of about 36 nm. The BHHCT-Eu3+@SiO2 exhibited good fluorescence property, with a maximal excitation wavelength of 343 nm and an maximal emission wavelength of 615 nm. The fluorescence lateral flow immunoassay ( LFIA ) was established for rapid and quantitative detection of kanamycin ( Kana) in milk after BHHCT-Eu3+@SiO2 fluorescent nanoparticles were conjugated with Kana antibody, with dextran as a linker. The limit of detection of Kana with the LFIA method was 0. 85 ng/mL with IC50 of 12. 76 ng/mL, and the detection range was from 3. 0 ng/m to 76 ng/mL. The recoveries of Kana in milk were between 93 . 7% and 97 . 4% with RSD of 3 . 1%-4 . 6%, and cross-reactivity of the fluorescence immunoassay strip for Kana determination was<1%. The detection results of kana in milk samples between the LFIA and traditional ELISA method showed good correlation.

Development of Immunochromatographic Strips Based on Covalently Conjugated BHHCT-Eu3+@SiO2 for Rapid and Quantitative Detection of Kanamycin / 分析化学

As a kind of fluorescent nanoprobe, BHHCT-Eu3+ @ SiO2 fluorescent nanoparticles were synthesized using microwave irradiation. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the nanoparticles were in spherical shape with particle size of about 36 nm. The BHHCT-Eu3+@SiO2 exhibited good fluorescence property, with a maximal excitation wavelength of 343 nm and an maximal emission wavelength of 615 nm. The fluorescence lateral flow immunoassay ( LFIA ) was established for rapid and quantitative detection of kanamycin ( Kana) in milk after BHHCT-Eu3+@SiO2 fluorescent nanoparticles were conjugated with Kana antibody, with dextran as a linker. The limit of detection of Kana with the LFIA method was 0. 85 ng/mL with IC50 of 12. 76 ng/mL, and the detection range was from 3. 0 ng/m to 76 ng/mL. The recoveries of Kana in milk were between 93 . 7% and 97 . 4% with RSD of 3 . 1%-4 . 6%, and cross-reactivity of the fluorescence immunoassay strip for Kana determination was<1%. The detection results of kana in milk samples between the LFIA and traditional ELISA method showed good correlation.

Quality and stability of eggs from laying hens fed with organic minerals and lycopene / Qualidade e estabilidade dos ovos de poedeiras alimentadas com licopeno e minerais orgânicos

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of using lycopene and organic minerals in diets for laying hens on the egg quality and stability of eggs stored for 30 days under different storage environments. An entirely randomized design was adopted in 2x3x3 factorial scheme (mineral sources x lycopene levels x storage periods) with six replicates of eight hens per experimental unit. The experimental diets were: feed containing inorganic minerals (IM) without added lycopene; IM with added lycopene (400mg kg-1); IM with added lycopene (800mg kg-1); organic minerals (OM) without added lycopene; OM with added lycopene (400mg kg-1); OM with added lycopene (800mg kg-1). After 112 days of feeding experimental diets, it was selected 60 eggs treatment-1, which were later labeled, stored in room and refrigerated temperature, and subjected to different storage periods (0, 15 and 30 days). Variables analyzed were: Haugh unit, yolk index, yolk color, albumen and yolk pH, and lipid oxidation (TBARS). Stability of eggs is not altered as a function of mineral sources and levels of lycopene studied. However, increasing storage time affects the quality of the eggs of laying hens at both storage conditions.

RESUMO: Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da utilização do licopeno e de minerais orgânicos em rações para poedeiras sobre a qualidade e estabilidade dos ovos armazenados por até 30 dias, em diferentes ambientes de conservação. Adotou-se um DIC em esquema fatorial 2x3x3 (fontes de minerais x níveis de licopeno x períodos de armazenamento) com seis repetições e oito aves por unidade experimental. As rações experimentais foram: ração contendo minerais inorgânicos (MI) sem a adição de licopeno; MI com a adição de licopeno (400mg kg-1); MI com a adição de licopeno (800mg kg-1); minerais orgânicos (MO) sem a adição de licopeno; MO com a adição de licopeno (400mg kg-1); MO com a adição de licopeno (800mg kg-1). Após 112 dias de fornecimento das rações experimentais, foram selecionados 60 ovos tratamento-1 que, posteriormente, foram identificados, acondicionados em temperatura ambiente e refrigerado, e submetidos a diferentes períodos de armazenamento (0, 15 e 30 dias). As variáveis analisadas foram: unidade Haugh, índice de gema, coloração de gema, pH de albúmen e gema e oxidação lipídica (TBARS). A estabilidade dos ovos não é alterada em função das fontes minerais e dos níveis de licopeno estudados. No entanto, o aumento do período de estocagem prejudica a qualidade dos ovos de poedeiras semipesadas, em ambas as condições de armazenamento.

Lecitina, silicone e amido na adubação foliar de couve (Brassica oleracea L.) / Lecithin, silicon and starch in the foliar feeding on collard green (Brassica oleracea L.)

Objetivou-se, no presente trabalho, avaliar os efeitos que a lecitina, amido e silicone possam ter na eficiência da adubação foliar, utilizando-se sais e quelatos como fonte de micronutrientes. Para isso foi realizado um experimento em que avaliaram-se os efeitos da adição de diferentes adjuvantes em relação à absorção e translocação de zinco e manganês na forma de sais e quelatos. O delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com seis repetições, com quatro fatores em estudo e dois níveis cada, perfazendo um fatorial 2x2x2x2, totalizando dezesseis tratamentos. Além dos tratamentos, foi adicionada testemunha como tratamento adicional, perfazendo, assim, um total de 102 parcelas. Cada parcela foi constituída por um vaso, contendo uma planta de couve-manteiga (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala DC.). Os tratamentos constaram de combinações entre 2 fontes (sulfato e quelato) e de presença ou ausência de três substâncias na calda de pulverização: lecitina de soja desengordurada, um siliconado comercial e gel de amido de mandioca. A determinação dos efeitos constituiu-se na análise do teor de zinco e manganês nas folhas novas 30 dias após a pulverização. A adição de lecitina aumentou a absorção do sulfato de zinco ao passo que o produto siliconado aumentou a absorção do zinco quelatizado. Tanto a lecitina quanto o produto siliconado, quando adicionados à calda de pulverização, aumentaram o teor de manganês. O gel de amido não aumentou a absorção de nenhum micronutriente.

The objective of the present work was to evaluate the effect of lecithin, starch and silicon may have in the efficiency of foliar feeding, using salts and chelates as source of nutrients. The experiment was carried out under greenhouse condition at Univerdidade Federal de Goiás (Jataí unit) - GO, set in a completely randomized design, with six replications, four factors in study and two levels each, making a 2x2x2x2 factorial arrangement, totalizing 16 treatments. Moreover, a control was added as an additional treatment, totalizing, 102 experimental units. Each experimental unit consisteed of by a vase of collard green plant (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala DC.). The treatments consisted of 2 minor nutrient sources (sulfate and chalate) and of absence and presence of three substance added to the spray solution: soydean lecithin de-waxed, a commercial silicon surfactant and starch. After analyses of the leaves, 30 days after the pulverization, it was clear that the amount of zinc and manganese was influenced by the adjutants and fertilizer. The use of lecithin increased the absorption of zinc sulfate whereas the use of silicon increased the absorption of zinc chelate. Both chelate and sulfate increased the absorption of manganese. starch had no influence on micronutrient.

Progress in the rearch of gadolinium chelate for MRI contrast agents / 国际生物医学工程杂志

The purpose of this paper is to outline the progress of gadolinium chelates used as extracllular, liver-specific, RES-specific, blood-pool and other tissue-specific contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on the basis of summing up the relevant research papers. Because of its safety and efficacy, the new development of tissue-specific contrast agent is the trend in the research of gadolinium chelates used as contrast agents for MRI.

The role of free amino groups of peptides and proteins in the Folin-Lowry and biuret methods.

On an equal weight basis polymyxin Β and EM 49 which do not contain tyrosine or tryptophan yielded the same colour intensity as proteins in the Folin-Lowry and biuret methods. But, in the absence of reagent C (alkaline copper reagent) polymyxin Β and EM 49 yielded no colour in the Folin-Lowry method. Mono-, di- and tri-formyl polymyxins Β formed identical amounts of coloured complexes as polymyxin Β in the two methods. However, the tetra- and penta-formyl polymyxins Β yielded only one-fifth and one-sixth, respectively, of the expected colour in the Folin-Lowry method. Similarly, 40% and 30%, respectively, of the anticipated amount of colour is formed in the biuret method. Formylated and methylated lysozyme and bovine serum albumins form only 70-75% of the expected colour in the Folin-Lowry method. Since formation of colour by reduction of Folin reagent, in the Folin-Lowry method, is at least partly due to complexes of copper, it was inferred that polymyxin Β as well as its mono-, di- and tri-formyl derivatives on the one hand and the tetra- and penta-formyl derivatives on the other differ in their ability to complex Cu(II) The former group of compounds was indeed found to complex as many as three Cu(II) ions whereas the tetra- and penta-formyl polymyxins Β complexed only one equivalent, under conditions of excess Cu(II). Under conditions of low Cu(II), polymyxin Β and all its derivatives complexed only one Cu(II). In proteins, sites other than amino groups which complex Cu(II) probably play a major role in the reduction of the Folin reagent, since methylated lysozyme and bovine serum albumin yield 70-75% of the colour formed by the unmodified proteins in the Folin-Lowry reaction.