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Objective To explore the relationship between serum growth differentiation factor-15(GDF-15),chemerin,pentraxin 3(PTX3)levels and obesity,insulin resistance and inflammatory factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),and to construct and evaluate the predictive efficacy.Methods A total of 231 T2DM patients admitted to the hospital from February 2020 to September 2022 were selected as T2DM group.Another 100 healthy subjects who came to the hospital for physical examination during the same period were selected as the control group.Serum GDF-15,chemerin and PTX3 levels of the two groups were detected and compared by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Clinical data of the two groups were collected and compared.Pearson correlation analysis and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the relationship between serum GDF-15,chemerin,PTX3 levels and obesity,insulin resistance and inflammation.Multivariate Logistic regression was used to evaluate the independent risk factors for T2DM development,and the com-bined prediction model of serum GDF-15,chemerin and PTX3 was constructed,and receiver operating charac-teristic(ROC)curve was plotted to evaluate its predictive efficacy for T2DM development.Results Compared with the control group,body mass index(BMI),waist-to-hip ratio(WHR),systolic blood pressure,total cho-lesterol,triglyceride,fasting blood glucose,fasting insulin(FINS),homeostasis model assessment of insulin re-sistance(HOMA-1R),interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6,GDF-15,chemerin and PTX3 were all increased in T2DM group,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed that se-rum GDF-15,chemerin and PTX3 levels were positively correlated with BMI,WHR,FINS,HOMA-IR,IL-1βand IL-6 in T2DM group(P＜0.05).Multiple linear regression analysis showed that BMI,FINS,HOMA-IR,IL-1β and IL-6 were positively correlated with serum GDF-15,chemerin and PTX3 levels(P＜0.05).Multiva-riate Logistic regression analysis showed that the increase of serum GDF-15,chemerin and PTX3 levels was an independent risk factor for T2DM development(P＜0.05).ROC curve analysis results showed that the com-bined prediction model of serum GDF-15,chemerin and PTX3 had better prediction efficiency,and its area un-der the curve,sensitivity,specificity and accuracy were higher than those applied alone.Conclusion The levels of GDF-15,chemerin and PTX3 in serum of T2DM patients are elevated,and their levels increase with the ex-acerbation of obesity,insulin resistance and inflammatory response in T2DM patients.The combined predic-tion model constructed in this study has good predictive efficacy and has high predictive value for the occur-rence of T2DM.
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Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of liraglutide in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated by osteoporosis and its effects on serum chemokines and bone mineral density.Methods:This is a case-control study. The clinical data of 78 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated by osteoporosis who received treatment in the Siming Branch of The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University from May 2019 to September 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. These patients were divided into an observation group and a control group ( n = 39 per group) according to different treatment methods. The control group was treated with adjuvant therapy with afacalcitol, while the observation group was given liraglutide in addition to adjuvant therapy with afacalcitol. Both groups were treated for 16 weeks. Clinical efficacy was compared between the two groups. Before and after treatment, serum chemokines and bone mineral density were determined in each group. Adverse reactions were evaluated in each group. Results:The total effective rate in the observation group was 92.3% (36/39), which was significantly higher than 71.8% (28/39) in the control group ( χ2 = 5.57, P < 0.05). After treatment, the serum chemokine level in the observation group was (60.11±10.25) μg/L, which was significantly lower than (63.15 ± 10.24) μg/L in the control group ( t = -2.01, P < 0.05). Bone mineral density in the observation group was (1.77 ± 1.05) g/cm 2, which was significantly higher than (1.01 ± 0.06) g/cm 2 in the control group ( t = 4.51, P < 0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was 7.7% (3/39), which was not significantly different from 12.8% (5/39) in the control group ( χ2 = 0.56, P > 0.05). Conclusion:Liraglutide is highly effective on type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated by osteoporosis. Liraglutide can effectively decrease serum chemokine levels, increase bone mineral density, and thereby is worthy of clinical application.
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Objective:To study the effect of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) on serum Chemerin, blood lipid levels and insulin dosage in patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary heart disease.Methods:The clinical data of 96 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease admitted in Xianyang Central Hospital from June 2019 to June 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. According to different treatment methods, they were divided into control group and observation group, with 48 cases in each group. The control group was treated with insulin combined with metformin, and the observation group was treated with insulin combined with SGLT2i (this study mainly used dagglitazone). The blood glucose, serum Chemerin, blood lipid level and insulin dosage of the two groups were observed before and after treatment. The incidence of cardiovascular adverse events and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.Results:After treatment, the levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2 h PG (plasma glucose), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA 1c), and Chemerin in the two groups were better than those before treatment ( P<0.05). The decrease in the levels of FBG, 2 h PG, HbA 1c and insulin dosage in the observation group were greater than those in the control group ( P<0.05). However, there was no difference in the decline of Chemerin levels between the two groups ( P>0.05). After treatment, the levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in the two groups were lower than before treatment, and the levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were higher than before treatment (all P<0.05). The decrease of TG in the observation group was greater than that in the control group, the decrease of TC and LDL-C was samller than that in the control group, and the increase of HDL-C was greater than that in the control group (all P<0.05). The incidence of cardiovascular adverse events in the observation group was 4.17%(2/48), which was lower than that in the control group [16.67%(8/48), P<0.05]. Conclusions:SGLT2i has a significant therapeutic effect on patients with type 2 diabetes complicated with coronary heart disease. It can better control blood glucose and lipid levels and reduce insulin dosage, which is worthy of clinical application.
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Objective:To assess the correlation between circulating chemerin and two indicators of renal function, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urine albumin creatinine ratio (UACR), in individuals with type 2 diabetes and to determine whether chemerin is an independent marker of early renal insufficiency.Methods:A total of 742 patients with type 2 diabetes were recruited into the cross-sectional community study. Basic information, anthropometric parameters, and biochemical parameters of these individuals were determined and collected, and serum chemerin level was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results:Chemerin levels were significantly higher in the eGFR-impaired group compared with eGFR-normal group, and macroalbuminuria group compared to the normal or microalbuminuria groups. Spearman′ rank correlation analysis showed serum chemerin level was correlated with eGFR ( r=-0.25, P<0.001), UACR ( r=0.23, P<0.001) and some other biochemical indicators such as triglyceride. And univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed circulating chemerin was an independent risk factor for eGFR impairment or proteinuria after adjusting corresponding covariates. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that the area under curve (AUC) of circulating chemerin for predicting early impaired eGFR in type 2 diabetes was 0.747, while the AUC of circulating chemerin for predicting macroalbuminuria in type 2 diabetes was 0.748. Conclusion:Circulating chemerin is associated with eGFR or UACR and may be a potential diagnostic marker for early renal insufficiency in type 2 diabetes.
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Objective:To explore the correlation between the serum 25-(OH)D 3, adiponectin (APN), and chemerin levels of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and insulin resistance. Methods:28 pregnant women with GDM were selected for the study group from May 2020 to December 2021, and 45 pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance were selected for the control group. 25-(OH)D 3, APN, chemerin, islet resistance index (HOMA-IR), fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, and HbA1c were compared between the two groups. The correlation between 25-(OH)D 3, APN, chemerin, and GDM insulin resistance was analyzed. Results:Fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, and chemerin in the GDM group were higher than those in the control group (all P<0.05), while 25-(OH)D 3 and APN were lower than those in the control group (all P<0.05). There was no statistical difference in HbA1c between the two groups. Logistic regression analysis showed that serum 25-(OH)D 3, APN, and chemerin were all related influencing factors of GDM (all P<0.05). Spearman's correlation analysis showed that serum 25-(OH)D 3 was negatively correlated with fasting blood glucose and HOMA-IR (all P<0.05), chemerin was positively correlated with fasting insulin and HOMA-IR (all P<0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that the AUC of 25-(OH)D 3 was 0.841 (95% CI: 0.746~0.967). AUC of APN was 0.678 (95% CI: 0.545~0.812). AUC of chemerin AUC was 0.360 (95% CI: 0.233~0.487). Conclusions:The levels of 25-(OH)D 3, APN, and chemerin have a certain correlation with the pathogenesis of GDM, which has a certain reference value for the prediction of GDM.
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ABSTRACT Background: Elevated levels of chemerin can predict future ischemic cerebrovascular disease. Although chemerin is thought to play a role in atherosclerotic inflammation, whether circulating chemerin levels are associated with the severity of atherosclerosis remains to be determined. Objectives: Through the use of carotid Doppler ultrasonography, our aim in this study was to investigate the relationships of serum chemerin levels with carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) as an indicator of generalized atherosclerosis. Methods: This study compared 40 patients with ischemic stroke and 40 healthy subjects. Measurements were made at end-diastole using color Doppler ultrasonography (CDUS) after a 5-min rest interval in a quiet and dark room. CIMT was defined as the distance between the innermost edge of the luminal echo to the innermost edge of the media/adventitia echo. CIMT was measured in the posterior wall of both common carotid arteries within 1 cm proximally to the bulbus. Three measurements were made on both sides and the average measurement was taken as the CIMT. Serum chemerin levels were determined in all patients and healthy subjects. Results: Serum chemerin levels were significantly higher in the patient group than in the control group (p=0.004). Serum chemerin levels were positively correlated with CIMT (p<0.05). There was a significant difference between the groups with regard to CIMT (p<0.001). Conclusion: Elevated serum chemerin levels appear to be associated with CIMT, thus suggesting that a link exists between chemerin and atherosclerotic ischemic cerebrovascular disease.
RESUMO Introdução: Níveis elevados de chemerin podem prever doenças cerebrovasculares isquêmicas futuras. Embora se acredite que a chemerin desempenhe um papel na inflamação aterosclerótica, ainda não foi determinado se os níveis circulantes de chemerin estão associados à gravidade da aterosclerose Objetivos: Por meio do uso da ultrassonografia Doppler da carótida, nosso objetivo neste estudo foi investigar as relações dos níveis séricos de chemerin com a espessura da íntima-média da carótida (EIMC) como um indicador de aterosclerose generalizada. Métodos: Este estudo comparou 40 pacientes com AVC isquêmico e 40 indivíduos saudáveis. As medidas foram feitas no final da diástole usando ultrassonografia Doppler em cores (USDC), após um intervalo de descanso de 5 minutos em um quarto silencioso e escuro. A EIMC foi definida como a distância entre a borda mais interna do eco luminal e a borda mais interna do eco da mídia/adventícia. EIMC foi medido na parede posterior de ambas as artérias carótidas comuns dentro de 1 cm proximalmente ao bulbo. Três medições foram feitas em ambos os lados e a medição média foi tomada como o EIMC. Os níveis séricos de chemerin foram determinados em todos os pacientes e indivíduos saudáveis. Resultados: Os níveis séricos de chemerin foram significativamente maiores no grupo de pacientes do que no grupo controle (p=0,004). Os níveis séricos de chemerin foram positivamente correlacionados com EIMC (p<0,05). Houve diferença significativa entre os grupos em relação à EIMC (p<0,001). Conclusão: Níveis séricos elevados de chemerin parecem estar associados com a EIMC, sugerindo que existe uma ligação entre chemerin e doença cerebrovascular isquêmica aterosclerótica.
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Humans , Carotid Artery Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Chemokines/blood , Atherosclerosis , Carotid Intima-Media Thickness , Carotid Arteries/diagnostic imaging , Risk Factors , Ultrasonography , Carotid Artery, Common/diagnostic imagingABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The key pathological characteristics of osteoarthritis are manifested in the degeneration of the cartilage caused by inflammation, and chondrocytes are the only cells in cartilage tissues. Studies have shown that Chemerin can stimulate the migration of leukocytes to the inflammation site and increase the inflammation signal of chondrocytes, suggesting that Chemerin can play a role in arthritis. Our previous research indicated that the serum Chemerin level in patients with osteoarthritis was significantly increased, and the Chemerin level in the synovial fluid was related to the severity of osteoarthritis based on the Kellgren-Lawrence classification. Chemerin may be used as an inflammatory factor in osteoarthritis. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of Chemerin on the proliferation and metabolism of chondrocytes. METHODS: The chondrocytes from neonatal mice were isolated by collagenase type II digestion, and then cultured. Cell growth curves were established and the range of concentrations of Chemerin that exhibited toxicity to normal chondrocytes was screened using an MTT assay. Subsequently, 10 μg/L interleukin-1β was used to stimulate the chondrocytes in order to establish an in vitro model of osteoarthritis induction. After the chondrocytes had been cultured in the presence of the drug for 2 days, cell morphology, proliferation and metabolism were evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin staining and diacetate fluorescein/ propidium iodide staining. In addition, the expression of inducible nitric oxide polymerase was analyzed by measuring the secretion of nitric oxide. Furthermore, qRT-PCR was used to quantify mRNA expression of proteoglycan, type II collagen α1, matrix metalloprotease-13 and nitric oxide synthase 2. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The chondrocytes cultured in vitro exhibited healthy activity and morphology. Furthermore, chemerin (50 μg/L) and interleukin-1β (10 μg/L) were able to reduce the synthesis of extracellular matrix, enhance the secretion of nitric oxide and increase chondrocyte apoptosis. More importantly, the qRT-PCR results indicated that Chemerin and interleukin-1β caused similar effects, by which the expression of cartilage-specific genes was downregulated and catabolism-related genes upregulated. As a pro-inflammatory factor, Chemerin can increase the generation of nitric oxide in chondrocytes, regulate cell metabolism, stimulate cell apoptosis and act synergistically with interleukin-1β.
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Adipokines,the bioactive polypeptides secreted by adipose tissue,are related to the occurrence and development of obesity,metabolic syndrome,renal insufficiency,cardiovascular disease,diabetes mellitus and other diseases.They may be the disease intervention targets and a breakthrough in the study of disease pathogenesis.In this paper,we summarize the latest research progress of the adipokines omentin,chemerin and nesfatin.
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Humans , Adipokines , Adipose Tissue , Chemokines , Cytokines , Kidney Diseases , Metabolic Syndrome , ObesityABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES@#To study the expression of adipokines in children with primary nephrotic syndrome (PNS) before and after treatment and its correlation with blood lipids, as well as the role of adipokines in PNS children with hyperlipidemia.@*METHODS@#A total of 90 children who were diagnosed with incipient PNS or recurrence of PNS after corticosteroid withdrawal for more than 6 months were enrolled as subjects. Thirty children who underwent physical examination were enrolled as the control group. Venous blood samples were collected from the children in the control group and the children with PNS before corticosteroid therapy (active stage) and after urinary protein clearance following 4 weeks of corticosteroid therapy (remission stage). ELISA was used to measure the levels of adipokines. An automatic biochemical analyzer was used to measure blood lipid levels.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the control group, the children with PNS had a significantly lower level of omentin-1 in both active and remission stages, and their level of omentin-1 in the active stage was significantly lower than that in the remission stage (@*CONCLUSIONS@#Omentin-1 may be associated with disease activity, dyslipidemia, and proteinuria in children with PNS. Blood lipid ratios may be more effective than traditional blood lipid parameters in monitoring early cardiovascular risk in children with PNS.
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Child , Humans , Adipokines , Chemokines , Cytokines/metabolism , GPI-Linked Proteins/metabolism , Hyperlipidemias , Lectins/metabolism , Lipids , Nephrotic Syndrome/drug therapy , ProteinuriaABSTRACT
Disulfide-bond A oxidoreductase-like protein (DsbA-L) is a molecular chaperone involved in the multimerization of adiponectin. Recent studies have found that DsbA-L is related to metabolic diseases including gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and can be regulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) agonists; the specific mechanism, however, is uncertain. Furthermore, the relationship between DsbA-L and the novel adipokine chemerin is also unclear. This article aims to investigate the role of DsbA-L in the improvement of insulin resistance by PPARγ agonists in trophoblast cells cultured by the high-glucose simulation of GDM placenta. Immunohistochemistry and western blot were used to detect differences between GDM patients and normal pregnant women in DsbA-L expression in the adipose tissue. The western blot technique was performed to verify the relationship between PPARγ agonists and DsbA-L, and to explore changes in key molecules of the insulin signaling pathway, as well as the effect of chemerin on DsbA-L. Results showed that DsbA-L was significantly downregulated in the adipose tissue of GDM patients. Both PPARγ agonists and chemerin could upregulate the level of DsbA-L. Silencing DsbA-L affected the function of rosiglitazone to promote the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (PKB)/AKT pathway. Therefore, it is plausible to speculate that DsbA-L is essential in the environment of PPARγ agonists for raising insulin sensitivity. Overall, we further clarified the mechanism by which PPARγ agonists improve insulin resistance.
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Disulfide-bond A oxidoreductase-like protein (DsbA-L) is a molecular chaperone involved in the multimerization of adiponectin. Recent studies have found that DsbA-L is related to metabolic diseases including gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and can be regulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) agonists; the specific mechanism, however, is uncertain. Furthermore, the relationship between DsbA-L and the novel adipokine chemerin is also unclear. This article aims to investigate the role of DsbA-L in the improvement of insulin resistance by PPARγ agonists in trophoblast cells cultured by the high-glucose simulation of GDM placenta. Immunohistochemistry and western blot were used to detect differences between GDM patients and normal pregnant women in DsbA-L expression in the adipose tissue. The western blot technique was performed to verify the relationship between PPARγ agonists and DsbA-L, and to explore changes in key molecules of the insulin signaling pathway, as well as the effect of chemerin on DsbA-L. Results showed that DsbA-L was significantly downregulated in the adipose tissue of GDM patients. Both PPARγ agonists and chemerin could upregulate the level of DsbA-L. Silencing DsbA-L affected the function of rosiglitazone to promote the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (PKB)/AKT pathway. Therefore, it is plausible to speculate that DsbA-L is essential in the environment of PPARγ agonists for raising insulin sensitivity. Overall, we further clarified the mechanism by which PPARγ agonists improve insulin resistance.
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Objective At present, there are few reports about the relationship between Chemerin and the occurrence and development of breast cancer. The aim of this study is to investigate Chemerin expression in breast cancer mice and its effect on proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells. Methods 30 Balb/c mice were randomly divided into two groups (Normal mice 15, Tumor-bearing mice 15). The 4T1 breast cancer cells were inoculated to construct breast cancer mice model. The expressions of Chemerin in peripheral blood and breast cancer tissue were detected by ELISA and Western blot, respectively. The relationship between Chemerin expression and breast cancer was analyzed. Breast cancer cells MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 were treated with different concentrations of recombinant Chemerin protein and Chemerin neutralizing antibody. Three groups were set up in the experiment, including control group (1640 or DMEM culture medium, no cells), recombinant Chemerin protein group (100 μg/L, no dilution by serum-free medium) and Chemerin neutralizing antibody group (100 μg/L, no dilution by serum-free medium). The effects of Chemerin on cell proliferation and migration were detected by MTT assay and wound healing assay respectively. Results The expressions of Chemerin in peripheral blood and mammary gland of tumor bearing mice were significantly higher than that in normal mice (both P<0.05). The scratch mobility and MTT absorbance (OD) values of breast cancer cells treated with recombinant chemerin protein increased significantly with the increase of protein concentration (P<0.05).However, they significantly decreased after cells treated with chemerin neutralizing antibody (P<0.05). Conclusion Chemerin could promote the proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells in a concentration-dependent manner, thereby promotinge the occurrence and development of breast cancer.
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Objective To investigate the role and mechanism of inflammatory response of Kupffer cells induced by Chemerin in the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in mice.Methods Wortmannin was used to treated on KCs which pre-treated with Chemerin in vitro for two hours,and treated on C57BL/6J mice which was fed with a high-fat die.Levels of cytokines in supernatant/serum were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays(ELISA);mRNA and protein levels of KCs' Chemokine-like receptor 1 (CMKLR) and nucleotide oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) in vivo and vitrowere detected by real time polymerase chain reaction(real time-PCR) and Western blot;changes of mouse weight were recorded;insulin resistance and glucose tolerance were detected;the severity of liver steatosis was evaluated by HE staining combined with NAS score.Results The levels of interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and IL-18 in the KCs and mice treated with wortmannin were significantly lower than the KCs treated with Chemerin only and mice fed with high fat diet only.The mRNA and protein levels of CMKLR1 and inflammasome 3 (NLRP3) were significantly lower in the KCs and mice treated with Wortmannin than the KCs treated with Chemerin only and mice fed with high fat diet only.In addition,changes in mouse weight,hepatic steatosis,liver function,insulin resistance and glucose tolerance were much milder in mice treated with Wortmannin than those mice fed with high fat diet.Conclusion Wortmannin alleviates liver steatosis and inflammation mediated by KCs via down-regulating the expression of CMKLR1 and NLRP3 in high fat diet fed mice.
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Objective To analyze the effect of chemerin on the pharyngeal fat deposition by comparing the level of chemerin of fat tissue in pharynx between the patients with OSAHS and non-snorer. Methods OSAHS patients finished PSG and non-snoring patients with tonsillitis as controlled group were examined to observe their chemerin level of space veli palatine. Comparisons of the chemerin level and the indexes of MS were made to analyze the relationship between chemerin and MS. Results The level of chemerin of space veli palatine in OSAHS patients was higher than that of the control groups. And the level of chemerin within the OSAHS patients also had positive correlation with TG、HOMA-IR and uric acid. We also found that the TG, HDL-C, FINS, HOMA-IR and the uric acid had statistical differences ( <0.05) between the two groups. Conclusion The level of chemerin of OSAHS group is exceed the control group and positively related with indexes of MS. Chemerin may take part in the development of fat deposition in pharynx of OSAHS patients , which may be through MS pathway.
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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver disease affecting 30% of the general population and 40% to 70% of obese individuals. Adipose tissue plays a crucial role in its pathogenesis, as it produces and secretes pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines called adipokines. Adiponectin and leptin have well-determined actions in terms of NAFLD pathophysiology. Adiponectin deficiency is associated with a pro-inflammatory condition, as it is observed in obesity and other metabolic disorders. On the other hand, increased leptin levels, above the normal levels, act as a pro-inflammatory stimulus. Regarding other adipokines (resistin, visfatin, chemerin, retinol-binding protein 4, irisin), data about their contribution to NAFLD pathogenesis and progression are inconclusive. In addition, pharmacological agents like thiazolidinediones (pioglitazone and rosiglitazone), that are used in the management of NAFLD exert favourable effects on adipokine levels, which in turn may contribute to the improvement of liver function. This review summarizes the current knowledge and developments in the association between adipokines and NAFLD and discusses possible therapeutic implications targeting the modulation of adipokine levels as a potential tool for the treatment of NAFLD.
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Adipokines , Adiponectin , Adipose Tissue , Cytokines , Hand , Leptin , Liver , Liver Diseases , Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease , Obesity , Resistin , ThiazolidinedionesABSTRACT
Chemerin is a cytokine that attracts much attention in the reproductive process. This study aimed to explore the effects of chemerin and its receptor chemokine-like receptor 1 (CMKLR1) on the maintenance of early pregnancy. The expression levels of chemerin and CMKLR1 in the decidua tissues of 20 early normal pregnant women and 20 early spontaneous abortion women were examined by Western blot and real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses. CMKLR1 receptor antagonist (α-NETA) was then intrauterinely injected into normal pregnant mice model to assess its effect on the outcome of pregnancy and the phosphorylation rate of ERK1/2 in decidua tissues.We found that the expression level of chemerin in women who had experienced early spontaneous abortion was lower than in those who had experienced normal early pregnancy (P < 0.01); conversely, CMKLR1 expression was higher in the former than in the latter (P < 0.01). In a pregnant-mouse model, the embryo resorption rate of α-NETA group was higher than that in the negative control group (61.5% vs. 10.8%) (P < 0.001). Compared with the control group, ERK1/2 phosphorylation in decidua tissues decreased in the α-NETA-treated group (P < 0.01). These results suggested that the inhibition of the chemerin/CMKLR1 signaling pathway can lead to the abortion of mouse embryos, and that chemerin/CMKLR1 may play an important role in the maintenance of early pregnancy possibly by regulating ERK1/2 phosphorylation.
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Adult , Animals , Female , Humans , Mice , Pregnancy , Young Adult , Chemokines , Metabolism , Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins , Metabolism , Metabolism , Pregnancy Rate , Pregnancy, Animal , Receptors, Chemokine , Metabolism , Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled , Metabolism , Signal TransductionABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Chemerin has been suggested to be linked to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the relationship between visceral adiposity and chemerin levels remains unclear in subjects with T2DM. In this study, we investigated the relationship between serum chemerin levels and visceral adiposity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included 102 subjects newly diagnosed with T2DM. The relationships between serum chemerin levels and clinical and biochemical parameters were examined. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to determine the predictable factors of serum chemerin levels. RESULTS: Serum chemerin levels showed significant positive correlations with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), visceral fat thickness (VFT), insulin levels, the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, and levels of triglycerides (log-transformed) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, while showing significant negative correlations with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. After adjusting for BMI and WC, VFT showed a significant relationship with serum chemerin levels (r=0.222, p=0.027). Moreover, VFT was an independent predictive factor of serum chemerin levels (β=0.242, p=0.041). CONCLUSION: We demonstrated that chemerin is linked to metabolic syndrome components. Moreover, serum chemerin levels were associated significantly with obesity, especially visceral adipose tissue, in subjects with T2DM.
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Adiposity , Body Mass Index , C-Reactive Protein , Cholesterol , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 , Homeostasis , Insulin , Insulin Resistance , Intra-Abdominal Fat , Linear Models , Lipoproteins , Obesity , Triglycerides , Waist CircumferenceABSTRACT
Objective: To know the difference between chemerin and adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (AFABP) levels in obese individuals with positive Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) immunoglobulin G (IgG) compared with negative T. gondii IgG. Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study by using consecutive sampling methods conducted from January to April 2013. The subjects were 57 obese individuals who were divided into obese group of positive and negative T. gondii IgG. The level of chemerin, AFABP and T. gondii IgG was done by ELISA. The data were analyzed by independent t test. Results: The results showed that the level of chemerin of positive T. gondii IgG group was significantly higher than the negative T. gondii IgG group [(70.0 ± 16.5) vs. (64.4 ± 16.1) pg/mL;P=0.003], but there was not significant AFABP difference between seropositive and negative IgG groups [(83.6 ± 41.9) vs. (74.2 ± 36.7) pg/mL;P=0.598]. Conclusions: It can be concluded that the level of chemerin of seropositive T. gondii IgG was higher than that in the negative T. gondii IgG group.
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Objective To investigate the clinical significance of serum chemokine and hs-CRP levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with asymptomatic subclinical atherosclerosis.Methods The clinicpathological and follow-up data of 55 patients with Type 2 diabetic from 2012.1 to 2015.12 were collected and reviewed.At the same time,55 patients with non type 2 diabetes were taken as control.Determination of FPG,HbA1c,HDL-C,TC,TG,LDL-C,INS and other indicators by automatic biochemical analyzer,the application of color Doppler ultrasound equipment measurement C-IMT.Correlation using Pearson correlation analysis,risk factor analysis using multiple linear stepwise regression analysis.Results Compared with the control group,the two groups in BMI,WHR,systolic blood pressure,ankle brachial index,FPG,HbA1c,HDL-C,hsCRP,C-IMT,HOMA2-IR and serum chemokines were significantly different,with statistical significance (t =-6.31 ～5.79,P≤0.01 ～ 0.03).In 110 cases of experimental group and control group,the levels of serum chemokines were positively correlated with WHR,HOMA2-IR,C-IMT and hs-CRP (r=0.24～0.29,P=0.01～0.04).C-IMT and age,WHR,systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,FPG,HbA1c,diabetes duration,hs-CRP was positively correlated (r=0.15 ～0.68,P≤0.01～0.0.04),and the ankle brachial index was negatively correlated (r=-0.32～0.29,P≤0.01).Hs-CRP was positively correlated with HbA1c,HOMA2 IR,serum chemokine,C-IMT (r=0.25～0.32,P≤0.01～0.04),and was negatively correlated with TC and HDL-C (r=-0.27～-0.25,P all 0.02).Cox proportional hazard regression model for multivariate analysis showed that high serum chemokines,hs-CRP and HbA1c were the risk factors of C-IMT (β=0.026～0.658,SE=0.015～0.033,t=2.532～3.421,P≤0.01～0.04).Conclusion High serum levels of chemokines and hs-CRP are the risk factors of C-IMT,and it has important clinical significance for the diagnosis of asymptomatic subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Objective · To explore the relationship of adipose chemerin and its receptor chemerinR gene expression to obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods · Twenty-four patients undergoing elective abdominal surgery were enrolled, and were divided into normal glucose regulation-normal weight group (NGR-NW), normal glucose regulation-overweight/obesity group (NGR-OW/OB), and type 2 diabetic overweight/obesity group (T2DMOW/OB) according to the body mass index (BMI). The levels of chemerin and chemerinR mRNA were detected by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR).Results · Compare to the NGR-NW group, the chemerin mRNA levels of abdominal subcutaneous and omental fat were significantly increased in the NGR-OW/OB and T2DM-OW/OB group (P<0.05). Correlation analysis showed that the chemerin mRNA levels of abdominal omental fat were positively correlated with BMI, fasting insulin (FINS), triglyceride and serum chemerin (r=0.577, r=0.561, r=0.472, r=0.623, P<0.05 for all). The chemerin mRNA levels of abdominal subcutaneous fat showed significant positive correlation with BMI, FINS and serum chemerin (r=0.692, r=0.513, r=0.497, P<0.05 for all). Conclusion · The chemerin mRNA levels of abdominal subcutaneous and omental fat were positively correlated with BMI, FINS and serum chemerin, suggesting that the chemerin gene may play a crucial role in the pathophysiological mechanism of obesity and type 2 diabetes.