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Farmers of the western Uttar Pradesh state of the country ,applying different kinds of chemical fertilizers into their cropping fields for better crop yield.But continuous use of these fertilizers for a long time period, reduce the fertility power of the soil.Thereby several researchers carried out research work on these lines and proved that as per current requirement, use of chemical fertilizers into the soil system is not suitable for fertile soil.In the present studies, three kinds of fertilizers were used for the better production of Brassica campestris. It was assessed and recorded that maximum production of Brassica was noticed 2.17 times more in those experimental plots who were treated with the vermicompost, prepared by earthworms, of the genus Eisenia fetida than that of plots treated with the market fertilizers (NPK and Urea). Although, Farm Yard Manure (FYM) biocompost also showed better results than the chemical fertilizers and control (without any fertilizers). Hence, these studies concluded that use of chemical fertilizers should be stopped and use of biofertilizers should be accepted and started in the form of vermicompost and FYM into the cropping fields for better crop yield of various crops.
ABSTRACT
Aims@#Plant growth-promoting bacteria are the key components of a biofertilizer. This study was aimed to isolate and identify the predominant bacteria found in a foliar biofertilizer and characterizes the potential of the bacterial isolates as plant growth promoters.@*Methodology and results@#Potential bacteria with plant growth-promoting activities were isolated from a foliar biofertilizer on HiCrome™ Bacillus agar and Nutrient agar. Bacteria with unique colonial morphology were selected and categorized by Gram’s differential staining. Subsequently, the bacterial isolates were being further characterized for plant growth-promoting potentials, such as the production of indole acetic acid (IAA), 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase and siderophore; as well as the ability of nitrogen fixation and phosphate/potassium solubilization. Based on the characterized traits, three bacterial isolates, namely M17, M22 and M52 showed great potential for being a plant growth promoter. Based on their 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, M17, M22 and M52 were identified as Leclercia adecarboxylata, Margalitia shackletonii and Lysinibacillus pakistanensis, respectively.@*Conclusion, significance and impact of study@#Bacterial isolates exhibiting plant growth-promoting activities were successfully isolated from a biofertilizer and identified in this study. This finding provides an insight into the potential bacteria of a foliar fertilizer that may promote plant growth. Identification of these plant-growth promoters may help the scientists and agrochemical manufacturers to determine and disclose the key microorganisms of their biofertilizers, thereby contributing to the improvement of biofertilizers and promoting them as reliable alternatives to chemical fertilizers.
ABSTRACT
The production capacity of green and dry mass of the entire plant, efficiency of N conversion, apparent N recovery and the chemical composition of cultivar Mulato II was evaluated under a system of cuts and nitrogen doses. The assay, conducted in the municipality of Goiânia, GO, Brazil, had a totally randomized 2 x 4 factorial design (2 height cuts, 0.40 and 0.50 m and 4 nitrogen doses), with three replications and subdivided subplots. Treatments comprised four N doses (0, 50, 100 and 150 kgha-1 N, with urea as nitrogen source). There was no significant interaction (p>0.05) between N doses and cut heights for the variables productivity of green (PGM) and dry (PDM) mass, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and apparent N recovery (ANR), which were neither affected (p<0.05) by N doses nor by evaluated cut heights. Average productivity reached 59,450 kgha-1 (PGV) and 10,367 kgha-1 (PDM) and it was produced an average of 19.62 kg of DM per kg of N, with a mean 56.00% recovery. N doses and cut heights did not affect (p>0.05) DM rates of the plant, whilst mean dry matter rate was 17.49%. CP rates were affected (p<0.05) by N doses (0, 50, 100 and 150 kgha-1) and cut heights (0.40 and 0.50 m) and by the interaction of these factors. CP rates of the entire plant hybrid Brachiaria cv. Mulato II increased (p<0.05) due to N doses through an increasing linear relationship. Since there was a significant effect (p<0.05) with regard to cut height and CP rates decreased with height increase. NDF rates were significantly influenced by N doses (p<0.05) and by cut heights (p<0.05), with significance for the interaction (p<0.05) of over 100 kgha-1 N doses only. No significant interaction (p>0.05) occurred in ADF rates among the variables analyzed. ADF contents were influenced by N supply (p<0.05) with decreasing quadratic regression as N doses increased.
O presente trabalho de pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar o potencial produtivo de massa verde e seca da planta inteira, a eficiência de conversão do N, a recuperação aparente do N, bem como a composição bromatológica do cultivar Mulato II, sob regime de cortes e submetido a doses de nitrogênio, no município de Goiânia, GO, Brasil. Utilizou-se um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com arranjo fatorial 2 X 4 (2 alturas de corte (0,40 e 0,50 m) X 4 doses de nitrogênio) com três repetições e parcelas subdivididas. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por quatro doses de N (0, 50, 100 e 150 kgha-1 de N) (sendo a fonte ureia). Não ocorreu interação significativa (p>0,05) entre doses de N e alturas de corte para as variáveis produtividades de massa verde (PMV) e massa seca (PMS), eficiência de conversão aparente de nitrogênio (ECAN) e recuperação aparente de nitrogênio (RAN), que não foram influenciadas (p<0,05) pelas doses de N, nem em função das alturas de corte avaliadas. A média de produtividade encontrada foi de 59.450 kgha-1 (PMV) e 10.367 kgha-1 (PMS), produzindo em média 19,62 kg de MS para cada kg de N aplicado, com uma recuperação média de 56,00%. As doses de N aplicadas e as alturas de corte não influenciaram (p>0,05) os teores de MS da planta. A média do teor de matéria seca encontrada foi de 17,49%. Os teores de PB foram influenciados (p<0,05) pelas doses de N (0, 50, 100 e 150 kgha-1) e alturas de corte (0,40 e 0,50 m) bem como a interação desses fatores. Os teores de proteína bruta (PB) da planta inteira Brachiaria híbrida cv. Mulato II aumentaram (p<0,05) em função das doses de N, apresentando uma relação linear crescente. Quanto à altura de corte, ocorreu também efeito significativo (p<0,05), evidenciando que os teores de PB diminuíram com o aumento da altura. Os teores de FDN foram influenciados significativamente pelas doses de N (p<0,05) e pelas alturas de corte (p<0,05), apresentando significância para a interação (p<0,05) apenas nas doses acima de 100 kgha-1 de N. Para os teores de FDA não houve interação significativa (p>0,05) entre as variáveis analisadas. O conteúdo de FDA foi influenciado pelo fornecimento de N (p<0,05), apresentando regressão quadrática decrescente com o aumento das doses de N.
Subject(s)
Brachiaria , Fertilizers , Food Analysis , NitrogenABSTRACT
The experiment was conducted during rabi season in medium black soil at College Farm, College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, ANGRAU, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh to study the influence of biofertilizers, vermicompost and chemical fertilizers on growth, nodulation, nutrient uptake, seed yield and economics of Black gram. From the data, it was observed that 50%RDF + Vermicompost + Rhizobium + Pseudomonas significantly increased the plant height, root length, leaf area index and leaf chlorophyll content at 25 and 50 DAS over the other treatments including control. The same treatment recorded highest seed yield (707 kg ha-1) and haulm yield (7067 kg ha-1) as compared to the control. Nutrient uptake recorded significantly highest in the treatment supplied with biofertilizers along with Vermicompost and 50%RDF. Treatment supplied with 50%RDF + Vermicompost + Rhizobium + Pseudomonas recorded highest net return (17784 Rs ha-1) but highest B: C ratio (2.11) was recorded in the treatment supplied with 50%RDF + Rhizobium + Pseudomonas.