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Resumen ANTECEDENTES: Las quemaduras son la forma más severa de estrés que el cuerpo puede sufrir; pueden generarse por diferentes agentes térmicos y químicos. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente de 25 años, con dolor intenso en la región genital de 12 horas de evolución, secundario a la introducción en la vagina de una piedra de alumbre. Se le hicieron múltiples irrigaciones con solución salina al 0.9% sin obtener el resto de la piedra de alumbre. Se le aplicó sulfadiazina de plata en la cavidad vaginal cada 12 horas, óvulos vaginales de ketanserina, miconazol y metronidazol cada 8 horas, ketorolaco por vía oral 10 mg cada 8 horas. Durante su estancia hospitalaria tuvo buena evolución, con disminución de la inflamación en la zona genital, epitelización adecuada. Al tercer día se dio de alta del hospital con cita para valoración a los siete días. CONCLUSIÓN: El tratamiento de las quemaduras en el área genital, por agentes químicos, tiene como piedra angular la identificación del agente causante de la lesión que permita actuar de forma inmediata y evitar las secuelas físicas, sexuales y psicológicas mediante el lavado exhaustivo con solución o agua estéril para remover el agente causal y disminuir que continúe actuando en el sitio afectado.
Abstract BACKGROUND: Burns are the most severe form of stress that the body can suffer; they can be caused by various thermal and chemical agents. CLINICAL CASE: A 25-year-old female patient presented with severe genital pain of 12 hours' duration, secondary to the introduction of an alum stone into the vagina. She underwent several irrigations with 0.9% saline without obtaining the rest of the alum stone. She was given vaginal silver sulfadiazine every 12 hours, vaginal ketanserin, miconazole and metronidazole every 8 hours and oral ketorolac 10 mg every 8 hours. During her stay in hospital, she progressed well, with a decrease in genital inflammation and adequate epithelialisation. She was discharged on the third day with an appointment for a seven-day follow-up. CONCLUSION: The management of genital burns caused by chemical agents is based on the identification of the agent causing the lesion, which allows immediate action and prevents physical, sexual and psychological sequelae by thorough washing with sterile solution or water to remove the causative agent and reduce its continued action in the affected area.
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Desensitizing tooth pastes have been used for treatment of hypersensitivity for decades. Along with its benefits, it can cause some adverse effects. A 60 years old man experienced oral ulceration as a consequence of application of potassium nitrate paste overnight at lower buccal and lingual area of anterior teeth. Diagnosis was made on the basis of definitive history. Oral lesions healed well within ten days following the use of local and systemic anal and antibiotics.
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PURPOSE: To report the ocular health of a community after an accidental release of hydrofluoric acid (HF). METHODS: The hospital records of 327 patients that were exposed to HF between Sep 9, 2012 and Oct 31, 2012 were reviewed. Demographic characteristics, subjective ocular symptoms, and the ophthalmologic examination results of the patients were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: Among the 327 patients, 203 patients (62.1%) were exposed to hydrofluoric acid (HF) within 1,000 m of the site of the accident. A total of 131 patients (40.1%) were exposed to HF over 3 days. The most frequently reported ocular symptoms after HF exposure were ocular pain (49.5%) and conjunctival hyperemia (37.9%). Conjunctival hyperemia (43.4%), corneal erosion (23.9%), conjunctiva papilla, and follicles (24.2% and 14.4%, respectively) were noted during ophthalmologic examinations, but 46.2% of patients were normal on examination. None of the patients had vision-threatening damages. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, severe ocular surface changes, which can affect vision, were not identified. This result could be explained by the low atmospheric HF concentration after the accident.
Subject(s)
Humans , Burns, Chemical , Conjunctiva , Hospital Records , Hydrofluoric Acid , Hyperemia , Vision, OcularABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The effects of AmniSite-Lens on wound healing were evaluated for a burn wound on a rabbit cornea. METHODS: A chemical burn was inflicted on the cornea of rabbits using 0.1N NaOH and a superficial keratectomy with trephine was performed. The control group consisted of rabbits with a bandage contact lens (Focus Lens) after the operation. In the other group, the AmniSite-Le was applied on the rabbits' cornea. The rabbits were evaluated for the following: 1) the time of epithelialization; 2) the grade of corneal opacity; and 3) the histological analysis by evaluation of inflammatory reaction and apoptotic keratocytes. RESULTS: In the alkali-burn model, the time of epithelialization in the AmniSite-Lens group was not statistically significant compared with the bandage contact lens group. There was no difference of corneal opacity at postoperative week 1. The corneal opacity in the AmniSite-Lens group was clearer than the bandage contact lens group at postoperative weeks 4 and 8 and the difference of corneal opacity was statistically significant. In the keratectomy model, the time of epithelialization in the AmniSite-Lens group was not statistically significant compared with the bandage contact lens group. The corneal opacity in the AmniSite-Lens group was clearer than the bandage contact lens group at postoperative weeks 1 and 4 and the difference of corneal opacity was statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: The AmniSite-Lens has both the wound healing effect of an amniotic membrane and the convenience of a bandage contact lens.
Subject(s)
Rabbits , Amnion , Bandages , Burns , Burns, Chemical , Cornea , Corneal Opacity , Wound HealingABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to investigate the clinical characteristics of patients admitted to emergency rooms with ocular chemical injuries, the substances responsible for such injuries, in order to improve their prevention and treatment. METHODS: The subjects of this study were 73 patients admitted to the hospital with ocular chemical injuries from January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2010. The subjects were divided into groups based on the PSS (poisoning severity score) grade of their injuries, where grades 0 and 1 were classified as the low group (low PSS) and grades 2 and 3 were classified as the high group (high PSS). There were 28 subjects in the low PSS group (38.3%) and 45 subjects in the high PSS group (61.6%). The results were retrospectively reviewed by examining the medical records of the patients. RESULTS: Upon their arrival to the hospital, the most common symptoms were red eye (50.7%), pain (39.7%), and eye irritation (39.7%). Red eyes were more frequently observed from 27 persons (60%) in the high PSS group (p=0.04). The most common causative substances were chemicals and adhesives/glues for both groups (21 cases each). Among the 15 patients exposed to acids or alkalis, 13 patients belonged to the high PSS group. Only two patients visited the hospital after having washed their eyes. CONCLUSION: Worse damage was observed from work-related exposure (including alkali or acid exposure), causing red eye and ocular chemical injuries. Onsite first aid was lacking.
Subject(s)
Humans , Alkalies , Burns, Chemical , Emergency Service, Hospital , Eye Injuries , First Aid , Medical Records , Occupational Exposure , Poisoning , Retrospective Studies , Therapeutic IrrigationABSTRACT
Introducción: Aproximadamente un tercio de las cegueras infantiles son debidas a los traumatismos, siendo la principal causa de déficit visual y ceguera monocular en ninos. caso clínico: Se reporta el caso de un preescolar masculino de 2 años de edad quien presentó úlcera escleral en ojo izquierdo secundaria a quemadura química por pila de reloj cuyo motivo de consulta fue contacto con detergente, con cicatrización dificultosa debido a cuerpo extraño mineral retenido en fondo de saco conjuntival inferior durante aproximadamente un mes, contando desde el ingreso al área pediátrica. conclusión: Se reporta un caso inusual de úlcera escleral. Hasta el momento no se han reportado otros casos de úlcera escleral secundaria a quemadura química por pila de reloj y por objetos retenidos en fondo de saco conjuntival inferior, resaltando el manejo diagnóstico y la demora en la extracción del cuerpo extraño, representando una emergencia oftalmológica.
Introduction: Approximately one-third of childhood blindness is due to trauma, representing the leading cause of visual impairment and monocular blindness in children. case report: The patient is a 2 year old preschool boy, who presented scleral ulcer in his left eye secondary to chemical burn caused by watch battery. The reason for seeking medical care was difficult healing caused by a mineral foreign body retained in the lower conjunctival sac after the patient came in contact with detergent one month before the pediatric consultation. Discussion: An unusual case of scleral ulcer was reported. So far, no other similar cases have been reported. The diagnosis process and the delay for the removal of the foreign body are emphasized in this serious ophthalmologic emergency.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child, Preschool , Eye Foreign Bodies/complications , Scleral Diseases/chemically induced , Eye Burns/chemically induced , Eye Burns/therapy , Burns, Chemical , Conjunctiva , Eye Injuries/chemically induced , Alkaline Batteries/adverse effectsABSTRACT
BackgroundThe favorable effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on the reconstruction of injured corneas have been reported,but the mechanism remains unclear.ObjectiveThis study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antiangiogenic effect after transplantation of BMSCs in chemically burned corneas.Methods BMSCs were isolated and extracted from the bone marrow.The cells were cultured and passaged and then were seeded on the amniotic membrane.Corneal alkali injury models were created in 18 clean SD rats by sticking the filter paper containing 1 mol/L NaOH at the central cornea for 40 seconds.The rats were then randomized into 3 groups.Amniotic membrane with BMSCs or amniotic membrane without BMSCs were transplanted in 1 week after the establishment of models,and the rats without transplantation were used as the control group.The severity of corneal lesion was graded,and angiogenesis area was measured 2 weeks after the transplantation.The expression of interleukin-2 ( IL-2 ),interferon-γ(IFN-γ),IL-10 and transforming growth factor-β ( TGF-β ) were examined by ELISA,and the mRNA of the matrix metalloproteinase-2 ( MMP-2 ),vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF),epidermal growth factor(EGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF) were analyzed by real-time PCR.ResultsThe positive rates of the cells were 99.78％ and 99.79％ for CD90 and CD29,7.90％,1.16％ and 1.28％ for CD34,CD45 and CDllba.The cells grew well on the amniotic membrane.The corneal inflammatory score and neovascularization area were similar among the three groups ( F =0.021,P-- 0.979 ; F =0.076,P =0.927 ).However,the corneal inflammatory score was significantly reduced and neovascularization area was significantly less in the amniotic membrane group compared with the BMSCs group and control group(P=0.011,0.001 ;P=0.005,0.000).The levels of IL-2 and IFN-γ secreted by Th1 cells were decreased (P =0.000,0.002;P =0.003,0.045 ) and the levels of IL-10 and TGF-β secreted by Th2 cells were increased in the BMSCs group compared with the amniotic membrane and control group ( P =0.000,0.000 ; P =0.000,0.021 ).No significant difference was found in VEGF expression among three groups( F=4.880,P =0.056).But the mRNA of the MMP-2 and bFGF were lower in the BMSCs group than the amniotic membrane group(P=0.009,0.003 ) and control group(P＜0.01 ).Conclusions BMSCs modulate the expression of inflammatory-related and angiogenic-related cytokines and therefore play the antiinflammatory and anti-angiogenic effects in the chemically burned cornea.
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PURPOSE: Mustard (Brassica spp.) has been used as a home remedy to cure various diseases like garlic, but its side effects like contact dermatitis due to local application at skin cannot be ignored. As a chemical burn due to local application of mustard has never been reported in Korea up to now, we will present a case in which who got a deep second degree burn due to local application of mustard. METHODS: A 56 year-old female patient who had pain at right wrist, knee, ankle, applied mustard paste for 5 hours. After one day, she visited hospital with bullous lesion with pain at wrist, knee, ankle and we confirmed that she got second degree chemical burn wound. During 3 days after admission, we performed foam dressing. And 4 days after admission, the burn wound was considered as deep second degree burn wound, we performed dressing with cultured allogenic keratinocyte (KaloDerm(R), Tegoscience, Seoul, Korea). RESULTS: After dressing with cultured allogenic keratinocyte, while exudate was being secreted by the lesion, saline wet dressing was applied. Exudate secretion decreased 7 days after application of cultured allogenic keratinocyte, and it stopped after 9 days. And it took about 10 days to remove dressing materials from the wound. When the dressing material had been removed, epithelialization was completed. CONCLUSION: Local application of pungent material like mustard or garlic as a traditional treatment is widely known, and side effect such as chemical burn due to garlic or contact dermatitis due to mustard also has been reported. We had another 2 cases of chemical burn due to garlic in addition to this case, and all 3 patients had local application for longer time than recommended time in traditional treatment. So, even if local application of them is effective in various disease, we should be aware that abuse of this traditional treatment should be avoided.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Humans , Ankle , Bandages , Blister , Burns , Burns, Chemical , Dermatitis, Contact , Exudates and Transudates , Garlic , Keratinocytes , Knee , Korea , Medicine, Traditional , Mustard Plant , Skin , WristABSTRACT
In the extremity surgery, pneumatic tourniquet and povidone-iodine solution are commonly used to provide an aseptic, bloodless field, and their complication rate has remained low. However, chemical burn under tourniquet has been rarely reported. Patients sustained burn injuries over the dependent, weight-bearing regions such as posterior neck, back, buttocks and posterior thighs. This rare adverse complication occurred in a 22-year-old man who underwent modified Brostrom operation with arthroscopic os trigonum excision. 10% povidone-iodine was used as topical antiseptic, and full thickness burn occurred underneath the area of tourniquet application. Main causes of povidone-iodine related chemical burn are considered maceration, irritation of the skin, long term use of the tourniquet and pressure. To reduce the complications like chemical burn, awareness of the risk and the possible pathogenesis as well as the preventive measures is important in surgical practice.
Subject(s)
Humans , Young Adult , Burns , Burns, Chemical , Buttocks , Extremities , Neck , Povidone-Iodine , Skin , Talus , Thigh , Tourniquets , Weight-BearingABSTRACT
MCPP (2-(4-chloro-2-methyl phenoxy) propionic acid) is a phenoxy herbicide found in many household weed killers and lawn fertilizers. Some of the phenoxy acids, salts, and esters are moderately irritating to skin, eyes, and respiratory and gastrointestinal linings. In a few individuals, local depigmentation has apparently resulted from protracted dermal contact with phenoxy compounds. Although acute irritant contact dermatitis induced by herbicides is common, chemical burns induced by herbicides have been reported infrequently in the literature. Here we describe a chemical burn in a 25 year old female after sitting on a lawn that had been sprayed with MCPP 3 days earlier. This case illustrates potential hazards of the herbicide on the lawn of a public park.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Burns, Chemical , Dermatitis, Contact , Diethylpropion , Esters , Eye , Family Characteristics , Fertilizers , Herbicides , Salts , SkinABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Recently there are upgrowing public interest of cosmetics and anti-aging and also public request of chemical peel and its complications. It is a strong chemical agent and can occur severe chemical burn. METHODS: This research surveyed from August 2008 to March 2010 by 3 patients who had gotten chemical burn by phenol peel. We investigated age, sex, site, size and treatment. RESULTS: The average age of cases was 43 years old. They were all female. Damaged area was all on face. Wound size was 3.3% in average. Wound depth was deep second degree in 2 cases and mid second degree in 1 case. In one case, ectropion on both lower eyelids was occurred by scar contracture. We did release and thick split thickness skin graft to resolve ectropion. To other milder cases, we managed conservatively. CONCLUSION: People who had gotten chemical burn by phenol therapy didn't get proper therapy instantly. We suggest that phenol peel must be performed very carefully and by professional and experienced surgeon.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Burns, Chemical , Cicatrix , Contracture , Cosmetics , Ectropion , Eyelids , Phenol , Skin , TransplantsABSTRACT
A 81-year-old female patient was experiencing a second degree burn. The vesicobullous lesion and skin necrosis was accompanied by erythema with a size of 8x11 cm and severe pain. Three days earlier, the patient had bumped her forehead against the wall, her forehead was swelled and hurted. The patient spread ground indomethacin cream (Vigel cream(R)) on her forehead constantly. She was treated with potadine soaked gauze every day. As soon as the erythema had worn out, she was treated by foam dressing using Episurge(R) (Erweis). Epithelialization of the injured area began from the 7th day since the burn. Complete epithelialization took 14th days, and the outpatient's progress is currently being observed.
Subject(s)
Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Bandages , Burns , Burns, Chemical , Erythema , Forehead , Indomethacin , Necrosis , SkinABSTRACT
Several hair dressing procedures, for example, bleaching and dyeing of the hair, are currently being frequently performed for cosmetic purposes. While allergic contact dermatitis due to hair dressing products has often been described, only a few cases of burns caused by hair dressing chemicals have been reported. A 6-year-old girl presented with an 8x6 cm sized round ulcerative lesion on the occipital area after hair bleaching with ammonium persulfate mixed with hydrogen peroxide. The skin biopsy specimen showed epidermal necrosis and sclerosing change in the dermis. She was referred to another burn center and then she was treated with skin grafting by a plastic surgeon. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of chemical burn due to a hair bleaching agent in the Korean dermatologic literature.
Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Ammonium Sulfate , Bandages , Biopsy , Burn Units , Burns , Burns, Chemical , Cosmetics , Dermatitis, Allergic Contact , Dermis , Hair , Hydrogen Peroxide , Necrosis , Quaternary Ammonium Compounds , Skin , Skin Transplantation , UlcerABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Chemical lights, also called Luminous Sticks, consist of a solution of diphenyl oxalate (C14H10O4) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Human tissue can be damaged when the mixed solution contacts the human body. The authors report a single case of chemical injury of keratoconjunctiva by exposure to chemical lights. CASE SUMMARY: A 47-year-old man's right eye accidentally contacted the fluorescent material when breaking a Luminous Stick 7 days before being referred to our clinic. He had pain in the right eye and experienced visual loss. The patient's best corrected visual acuity in the right eye was 20/50. An ulcerative lesion with edema at the inferior bulbar and palpebral conjunctiva and coneal epithelial defect was observed upon biomicroscopic examination. The patient was hospitalized and antibiotics, steroids, mydriatic and artificial tear eye drops were applied for treatment. After 9 days of treatment, the best corrected visual acuity of the patient recovered to 20/20, and the conjunctiva and cornea were mostly healed. No complication was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Chemical lights are commonly used in concerts and festivals. If the contents contact the eyes when breaking he chemical lights, various chemical burns can occur and cause ophthalmologic complications. Since no regulations have been passed regarding chemical lights, safety education and supervision are considered to be necessary for children.
Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Middle Aged , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Biphenyl Compounds , Burns, Chemical , Conjunctiva , Cornea , Edema , Eye , Holidays , Human Body , Hydrogen Peroxide , Light , Ophthalmic Solutions , Organization and Administration , Social Control, Formal , Steroids , Tears , Ulcer , Visual AcuityABSTRACT
A 22-year-old woman was referred to our emergency department for the treatment of a chemical injury on her arm. She had accidentally spilled 99% trifluoroacetic anhydride (TFAA) over her left forearm during an organic chemistry experiment. She visited a primary care unit, and then she was referred to our hospital for inactivation of the released fluoride ions. Her skin lesions were different from those caused by hydrofluoric acid (HF) injury. The injured area showed painful whitish maculae and patchy areas with accentuated rim. No vesiculation and bulla formation was detected. We intradermally injected a 5% solution of calcium through a 24-gauge needle into the burned skin. After the injection, she complained of more severe pain. Although TFAA contains fluorine, it does not release free fluoride ions on contact with the skin, unlike HF. In fact, application of calcium gluconate for TFAA burns is not recommended. Rather, it should be avoided since it increases pain and local abscess formation.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Young Adult , Abscess , Acetic Anhydrides , Arm , Blister , Burns , Burns, Chemical , Calcium , Calcium Gluconate , Chemistry, Organic , Emergencies , Fluorides , Fluorine , Fluoroacetates , Forearm , Gluconates , Hydrofluoric Acid , Ions , Needles , Primary Health Care , Skin , Trifluoroacetic AcidABSTRACT
PURPOSE: We investigated the clinical characteristics and demographics of patients who suffered from hydrofluoric acid chemical injury and the mechanism of damage. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who were exposed to hydrofluoric acid from March 2004 to March 2009 and who were seen at the emergency centers in two university teaching hospitals. RESULTS: Forty four patients out of 47 patients suffered from chemical burn, while the injuries of the remaining 3 could not be identified by the medical records. A total of 17 hydrofluoric acid chemical injury patients were enrolled during the study period, and their mean age was 29.6+/-7.0. All the patients were accidentally injured by contact with the material and none of them inhaled or ingested the material. Only 6 patients wore appropriate protective equipments and 5 underwent the water irrigation for more than 10 minutes. The most common exposure area was the hand and forearm (70.5%). Less than 1% of all of the patients had their total body surface (TBS) exposed to hydrofluoric acid (mean=0.35%). The mean time interval from calcium gluconate administration to pain relief was 33.6+/-8.8 hours. CONCLUSION: When exposed to hydrofluoric acid, it is important to wear protective equipment and undergo water irrigation for more than 10 minutes. Pain and skin damage were observed in all the patients. After treatment, we concluded that administration of calcium gluconate and pain killers was successful in relieving pain, and the prognosis was also positive for the admitted and followed up patients when less than 1% of the TBS was exposed.
Subject(s)
Humans , Burns, Chemical , Calcium Gluconate , Demography , Emergencies , Forearm , Gluconates , Hand , Hospitals, Teaching , Hydrofluoric Acid , Medical Records , Prognosis , Retrospective Studies , Skin , WaterABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Although Hydrofluoric acid(HF) is not a strong acid compared to other hydrogen halides, it is a feared corrosive and is particularly dangerous in higher concentrations. HF burns are characterized by symptoms, often delayed and localized with diluted HF solutions, to include erythema, edema and severe pain. Pain, a well known symptom, is followed by exposure to calcium binding. And, EMLA(R) cream is a topical formulation based upon the eutectic mixture of lidocaine and prilocaine and is used in clinical settings to relieve pain undergoing superficial surgical procedures. The aim of this study is to evaluate effects of EMLA(R) cream, pain-control dressing on the treatment for HF injury wound. METHODS: From June 2007 to June 2008, this study was carried out with 10 patients who had HF partial thickness burns. We were applied topically EMLA(R) cream to injured wound with vaseline gauze and 10% calcium gluconate wet gauze dressings. As a principle, in the emergency treatment, partial or complete removal of the bullae along with copious washing with normal saline was done, depending on the degree of HF invasion of the distal digital extremities. The effect of dressing was investigated by visual analogue pain scale. RESULTS: We therefore reviewed 10 cases of HF- induced pain and pain relief treatment principle. The 10 cases who came to the hospital nearly immediately after the injury healed completely without sequelae and EMLA(R) related complications. CONCLUSION: Proper initial treatment of HF burn is important. If not promptly recognized or properly treated, it produces serious injury. Topical EMLA(R) cream remains a powerful, new advancement for minimizing HF-related pain during dressing procedures. When used appropriately, topical EMLA(R) cream can be a safe and effective alternative to other forms of HF-pain control treatment.
Subject(s)
Humans , Bandages , Blister , Burns , Burns, Chemical , Calcium , Calcium Gluconate , Edema , Emergency Treatment , Erythema , Extremities , Gluconates , Hydrofluoric Acid , Hydrogen , Lidocaine , Petrolatum , Porphyrins , PrilocaineABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Garlic (Garlic: Allium sativum), throughout history, has long been used as a method to cure various diseases in different cultures. Although the intake or local application of garlic in order to treat skin disease and antibacterial effects is gradually increasing, its possible side effects cannot be neglected. As a chemical burn case due to local application of garlic has never been reported in Korea up to now, the following paper will present a case in which who suffered a partial layer second degree burn due to the local application of garlic. METHODS: A 53 year-old female patient was experiencing a partial layer second degree burn. The vesicobullous lesion was accompanied by erythema with a size of 20x7 cm and severe pain. Two days earlier, the patient spread ground garlics on her left arm and had wrapped it in order to remove the black spots. Unfortunately, due to her carelessness, the garlic had stayed there for 12 hours. She was treated with potadine soaked gauze every day. As soon as the erythema had worn out, she was treated by wet dressing using Hydrocolloid (Comfeel plus transplant dressing(R), Coloplast A/S and Denmark). RESULTS: Epithelialization of the injured area began from the 5th day since the burn. Complete epithelialization took seven days, and the outpatient's progress is currently being observed. CONCLUSION: Local application of garlic as a folk remedy is widely known, and the side effect such as contagious skin disease is also known to some extent. Patients today tend to rely more on organic remedies, let alone garlic. Moreover, they seek traditional methods or alternative medicine rather than conventional treatment. Thus, it is crucial to acknowledge the side effects of such folk remedies and to be aware whether they have been preceded.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Allium , Arm , Bandages , Burns , Burns, Chemical , Colloids , Complementary Therapies , Erythema , Garlic , Korea , Linear Energy Transfer , Medicine, Traditional , Skin Diseases , TransplantsABSTRACT
PURPOSE: As the mode of living has been changed, the chemical burn patients are increasing. In chemical injuries, tissue destruction continues until chemical agent is neutralized. METHODS: We reviewed medical records of 30 chemical burn patients who were admitted to Hanil General Hospital from January 2000 to September 2009. The charts were reviewed for sex, age, chemical agent, mode, site, treatments, kinds of operation and complications. All patients received massive saline irrigation as the first management. RESULTS: The ratio of male to female was 2.75:1. The prevalent age group was between 41 and 50 years old. The most common chemical agent was acetic acid which was used for treatment of skin disease. The incidence of work-related burns was 66%. The most common prevalent site was hand. The extent of burn below 5% of total body surface was 90%. The majority of patients were treated with conventional dressing, but some patients were treated by skin graft, amputation and flap. The most common complications were hypertrophic scar and hyperpigmentation. CONCLUSION: Both functional and cosmetic problems can occur in chemical burns. Education and guide are necessary to reduce incidence of chemical burns by carelessness and folk remedies.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Acetic Acid , Amputation, Surgical , Bandages , Burns , Burns, Chemical , Cicatrix, Hypertrophic , Cosmetics , Hand , Hospitals, General , Incidence , Medical Records , Medicine, Traditional , Skin , Skin Diseases , TransplantsABSTRACT
When we use the total-etch dentin adhesive system for composite resin restorations, gel or liquid acid etchant such as 37% phosphoric acid is commonly used. Thirty seven percentage phosphoric acid is very powerful erosive agent, and can cause severe harmful effects when it contacts with an oral mucosa and facial skin. This case describes iatrogenic chemical burn on facial skin caused by phosphoric acid which was happened during composite resin restorative procedure. Chemical burn by acid etchant can be evoked by careless handling of remnant and syringe. In order to prevent these iatrogenic injuries, we should check the complete removal of the etching agent both in intra and extra-oral environments after etching and rinsing procedure and it is necessary to use of the rubber dam or isolation instruments. If accidental burn were occurred, immediate wash with copious water. And bring the patient to the dermatologist as soon as possible.