Extrato de Echinodorus grandiflorus apresenta efeito renoprotetor em ratos com nefrotoxicidade aguda induzida pela ciclofosfamida / Extract of Echinodorus grandiflorus presents renoprotetic effect on rats with acute nephrotoxicity induced by cyclophosphamid / El extracto de Echinodorus grandiflorus tiene un efecto renoprotector en ratas con nefrotoxicidad aguda inducida por ciclofosfamida

Pelas características anatômicas e fisiológicas dos rins, a lesão renal aguda tem sua origem nefrotóxica pela alta circulação local, o que favorece a alta concentração de substâncias tóxicas e seus metabólitos no tecido. A lesão renal aguda é uma complicação comum em internações hospitalares e principalmente em internações em unidades de terapia intensiva. A ciclofosfamida, um quimioterápico utilizado no tratamento de doenças autoimunes e neoplasias sólidas, pode causar nefrotoxicidade com disfunção glomerular e tubular. O uso de plantas medicinais, pelas suas potentes ações antioxidantes, tem sido usado para prevenção ou tratamento de lesões celulares induzidas pelo desequilíbrio entre enzimas antioxidantes e oxidantes. Por esse motivo, o objetivo do experimento foi avaliar o potencial efeito protetor da Echinodorus grandiflorus na prevenção da nefrotoxidade induzida pela ciclofosfamida. Para isso, foi realizado o experimento com a utilização de 35 ratos machos, Wistar, divididos em seis grupos experimentais, sendo administrado a ciclofosfamida na dose de 150mg/kg nos grupos G2 a G6 e diferentes doses da Echinodorus grandiflorus, com posterior análise de parâmetros sanguíneos e histológicos. A administração de ciclofosfamida na dose de 150mg/kg de massa corporal, em dose única, foi capaz de induzir a nefrotoxicidade aguda em todos os ratos. O extrato bruto de Echinodorus grandiflorus apresentou potencial efeito renoprotetor ao uso da ciclofosfamida, na dose de 300mg/kg de massa corporal, sendo possível observar redução dos efeitos nefrotóxicos do quimioterápico, pela redução dos danos tubulares e pela diminuição dos espaços capsulas, nitidamente encontradas alterados no grupo que recebeu apenas ciclofosfamida, denotando resultados promissores para utilização desta planta medicinal na prevenção da nefrotoxicidade induzida pelo fármaco. Contudo, novos estudos dos efeitos renoprotetor do chapéu de couro, poderão elucidar os mecanismos envolvidos na ação do extrato bruto do chapéu de couro. A utilização de extrato bruto de plantas medicinais torna-se um adjuvante aos tratamentos pelo baixo custo e pela facilidade de acesso das diferentes populações as plantas desde que devidamente orientados pelos profissionais habilitados.

Due to the anatomical and physiological characteristics of the kidneys, acute kidney injury has its nephrotoxic origin due to the high local circulation, which favors the high concentration of toxic substances and their metabolites in the tissue. Acute kidney injury is a common complication in hospital admissions and especially in intensive care unit admissions. Cyclophosphamide, a chemotherapy drug used in the treatment of autoimmune diseases and solid neoplasms, can cause nephrotoxicity with glomerular and tubular dysfunction. The use of medicinal plants, due to their potent antioxidant actions, has been used for the prevention or treatment of cellular injuries induced by the imbalance between antioxidant and oxidant enzymes. For this reason, the aim of the experiment was to evaluate the potential protective effect of Echinodorus grandiflorus in preventing cyclophosphamide-induced nephrotoxicity. For this, the experiment was carried out with the use of 35 male Wistar rats, divided into six experimental groups, being administered cyclophosphamide at a dose of 150mg/kg in groups G2 to G6 and different doses of Echinodorus grandiflorus, with subsequent analysis of parameters blood and histology. The administration of cyclophosphamide at a dose of 150mg/kg of body weight, in a single dose, was able to induce acute nephrotoxicity in all rats. The crude extract of Echinodorus grandiflorus showed a potential renoprotective effect with the use of cyclophosphamide, at a dose of 300mg/kg of body mass, and it was possible to observe a reduction in the nephrotoxic effects of the chemotherapy, due to the reduction of tubular damage and the reduction of capsule spaces, clearly found altered in the group that received only cyclophosphamide, showing promising results for the use of this medicinal plant in the prevention of drug-induced nephrotoxicity. However, further studies of the renoprotective effects of the leather hat may elucidate the mechanisms involved in the action of the crude extract of the leather hat. The use of raw extract of medicinal plants becomes an adjuvant to treatments due to the low cost and ease of access of different populations to plants, provided that they are properly guided by qualified professionals.

Debido a las características anatómicas y fisiológicas de los riñones, la lesión renal aguda tiene su origen nefrotóxico por la elevada circulación local, que favorece la alta concentración de sustancias tóxicas y sus metabolitos en el tejido. La lesión renal aguda es una complicación frecuente en los ingresos hospitalarios y principalmente en las unidades de cuidados intensivos. La ciclofosfamida, un quimioterápico utilizado en el tratamiento de enfermedades autoinmunes y neoplasias sólidas, puede causar nefrotoxicidad con disfunción glomerular y tubular. El uso de plantas medicinales, debido a sus potentes acciones antioxidantes, se ha utilizado para la prevención o el tratamiento de lesiones celulares inducidas por el desequilibrio entre enzimas antioxidantes y oxidantes. Por este motivo, el objetivo del experimento era evaluar el posible efecto protector del Echinodorus grandiflorus en la prevención de la nefrotoxicidad inducida por la ciclofosfamida. Para ello, se realizó el experimento utilizando 35 ratas Wistar macho, divididas en seis grupos experimentales, administrándoseles ciclofosfamida a una dosis de 150mg/kg en los grupos G2 a G6 y diferentes dosis de Echinodorus grandiflorus, con posterior análisis de sangre y parámetros histológicos. La administración de ciclofosfamida a una dosis de 150mg/kg de masa corporal, en dosis única, fue capaz de inducir nefrotoxicidad aguda en todas las ratas. El extracto crudo de Echinodorus grandiflorus presentó un potencial efecto renoprotector al uso de ciclofosfamida, a una dosis de 300mg/kg de masa corporal, siendo posible observar una reducción de los efectos nefrotóxicos de la quimioterapia, por la reducción del daño tubular y por la disminución de los espacios capsulares, encontrándose claramente alterados en el grupo que recibió solamente ciclofosfamida, denotando resultados promisorios para el uso de esta planta medicinal en la prevención de la nefrotoxicidad inducida por el fármaco. Sin embargo, nuevos estudios sobre los efectos renoprotectores del sombrero de cuero podrían dilucidar los mecanismos implicados en la acción del extracto crudo de sombrero de cuero. El uso de extractos crudos de plantas medicinales se convierte en un coadyuvante de los tratamientos por su bajo coste y la facilidad de acceso de las diferentes poblaciones a las plantas desde que son guiadas adecuadamente por profesionales cualificados.

Efeito protetivo do extrato de Echinodorus grandiflorus sobre o urotelio vesical de ratos com cistite induzida por ciclofosfamida / Extract of echinodorus grandiflorus presents renoprotetic effect on rats with acute nephrotoxicity induced by cyclophosphamid / Extracto de Echinodorus grandiflorus presenta efecto renoprotético en ratas con nefrotoxicidad aguda inducida por ciclofosfamida

cistite hemorrágica e a cistite intersticial expressam uma etiologia variável, desde idiopática à provocada por fármacos, dentre eles a ciclofosfamida. A cistite apresenta tratamento multifatorial, e o potencial efeito satisfatório do uso da medicina complementar, vem ganhando espaço na prática médica. Assim o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito protetivo do extrato bruto de Echinodorus grandiflorus sobre a bexiga de ratos induzidos a cistite por ciclofosfamida. Utilizou-se neste estudo, 35 ratos, machos, Wistar, com peso médio de 321g, que foram submetidos a indução de cistite com uso de ciclofosfamida por via intraperitoneal e tratados com diferentes doses de extrato de Echinodorus grandiflorus (30, 100, 300mg) e o grupo controle com o fármaco Mesna. Todos os animais foram mortos no décimo sétimo dia e suas bexigas urinarias foram ressecadas para avaliação macro e microscópica, além da análise de hemograma e leucograma. A análise do sangue mostrou leucopenia com diferença significativa em todos os animais que receberam a ciclofosfamida. Observou-se que a dose de 300mg/kg do extrato bruto da planta, apresentou efeito protetivo no urotélio vesical, porém, inferior ao uso de Mesna. Diante dos resultados apresentados neste estudo sugere-se que o extrato de Echinodorus grandiflorus apresenta efeito protetivo no urotélio vesical na dose de 300mg/kg, porém estudos futuros quanto a dose e também a uma possível associação terapêutica ao Mesna devam ser realizados. Por se tratar de uma patologia com prevalência importante e ser muitas vezes desagradável e limitante à vida, faz-se necessário o empenho em métodos terapêuticos alternativos aos atuais, afim de, diminuírem os custos e efeitos colaterais dos métodos já documentados.

Hemorrhagic cystitis and interstitial cystitis have a variable etiology, from idiopathic to drug-induced, including cyclophosphamide. Cystitis has a multifactorial treatment, and the potential satisfactory effect of the use of complementary medicine has been gaining ground in medical practice. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the protective effect of the crude extract of Echinodorus grandiflorus on the bladder of rats induced to cystitis by cyclophosphamide. In this study, 35 male Wistar rats, with an average weight of 321g, were submitted to cystitis induction with intraperitoneal use of cyclophosphamide and treated with different doses of Echinodorus grandiflorus extract (30, 100, 300mg) and the control group with the drug Mesna. All animals were killed on the seventeenth day and their urinary bladders were resected for macro and microscopic evaluation, in addition to the analysis of blood count and leukogram. Blood analysis showed leukopenia with a significant difference in all animals that received cyclophosphamide. It was observed that the dose of 300mg/kg of the crude extract of the plant had a protective effect on the vesical urothelium, however, it was inferior to the use of Mesna. In view of the results presented in this study, it is suggested that the Echinodorus grandiflorus extract has a protective effect on the vesical urothelium at a dose of 300mg/kg, but future studies regarding the dose and also a possible therapeutic association with Mesna should be carried out. Because it is a pathology with significant prevalence and is often unpleasant and life-limiting, it is necessary to commit to alternative therapeutic methods to the current ones, in order to reduce the costs and side effects of the methods already documented.

cistitis hemorrágica y la cistitis intersticial tienen una etiología variable, desde idiopática hasta inducida por fármacos, incluida la ciclofosfamida. La cistitis tiene un tratamiento multifactorial, y el potencial efecto satisfactorio del uso de la medicina complementaria ha ido ganando terreno en la práctica médica. Así, el objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el efecto protector del extracto crudo de Echinodorus grandiflorus sobre la vejiga de ratas inducidas a cistitis por ciclofosfamida. En este estudio, 35 ratas Wistar macho, con un peso promedio de 321g, fueron sometidas a inducción de cistitis con uso intraperitoneal de ciclofosfamida y tratadas con diferentes dosis de extracto de Echinodorus grandiflorus (30, 100, 300mg) y el grupo control con el fármaco Mesna. Todos los animales fueron sacrificados al decimoséptimo día y sus vejigas urinarias fueron resecadas para evaluación macro y microscópica, además del análisis de hemograma y leucograma. El análisis de sangre mostró leucopenia con una diferencia significativa en todos los animales que recibieron ciclofosfamida. Se observó que la dosis de 300 mg/kg del extracto crudo de la planta tuvo un efecto protector sobre el urotelio vesical, sin embargo, fue inferior al uso de Mesna. En vista de los resultados presentados en este estudio, se sugiere que el extracto de Echinodorus grandiflorus tiene un efecto protector sobre el urotelio vesical a una dosis de 300 mg/kg, pero se deben realizar estudios futuros sobre la dosis y también una posible asociación terapéutica con Mesna. llevado a cabo. Por tratarse de una patología con una prevalencia importante y muchas veces desagradable y

Research progress on pharmacological effects of dihydromyricetin and its interactions with drugs / 中草药

Dihydromyricetin (DMY) is the main flavonoid compound in Ampelopsis grossedentata. It is popular for various biological and pharmacological activities including antiflammatory, antibacterial, antitumor, regulating blood fat, hypolipidemic, and protecting liver function. Recently studies have suggested that DMY works as neuroprotective molecular, ameliorating neurological abnormal symptoms in the Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, alcohol addiction, major depression disorder and so on. This paper reviewed various pharmacological effects of DMY and analyzed detailedly its interactions with the neuropsychiatric drugs and chemotherapeutics in the metabolism and pharmacodynamics perspectives in the last decade. We further elucidate the role of DMY in the combined medication, aiming to provide scientific reference for its potential in clinic.

Application of drug sensitivity from three-dimensional tissue in individualized precision medical treatment for tumor / 实用肿瘤学杂志

At present,most chemotherapy schemes for malignant tumors use the standard chemotherapy regimen recommen-ded by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network(NCCN)clinical practice guidelines,because they ignore the inherent heterogenei-ty of the tumor,resulting in low efficiency,high toxic and side effects,and high costs issues. Therefore,the realization of " individual-ized and accurate medical care" for cancer is a general trend. The sensitivity screening of chemotherapy drugs for cancer patients to a-chieve individualized precise drug delivery is one of the main contents of "individualized precision medicine". The three-dimensional histoculture drug response assay( HDRA) is a method for detecting drug sensitivity after in vitro cultivation of active tumor tissue blocks obtained by surgical resection or biopsy. It not only has a short experimental cycle,but it also maintains the tumor tissue struc-ture,heterogeneity and micro-environment,which have high clinical practice consistency,and it is a relatively promising technique for detecting drug susceptibility. Therefore,this article reviews the development history,clinical application and the future development trend of HDRA.

Medical treatment of tropical parasitic diseases

In Korea, patterns of parasitic infections have notably changed during the past few decades. The soil-transmitted helminthiases and water-borne protozoan infections, which had been prevalent, became negligible, while parasitic zoonosis including pet-associated infections, food-borne helminthiases, and imported tropical endemic diseases have increasingly been detected. People who travel abroad and those who have immigrated from other countries might suffer from endemic tropical diseases. Except for a few entities, which invoked acute febrile illness (malaria) and diarrhea (giardiasis and amoebiasis), most helminthic and protozoan infections did not provoke acute symptoms. Those infections progress slowly, but can sometimes result in fatal clinical consequences. Diverse tropical endemic diseases are prevalent in several continents/countries according to different natural environments (climate and humidity), socioeconomic status, and traditional cultural background. Those diseases might be acquired through different routes of infection. Travelers who have returned to Korea from overseas and immigrants should undergo a careful differential diagnosis. Information on countries and duration of travel/residence, food habits, underlying medical history, prophylactics received, exposure to harmful environments (insect bites, contaminated food or water), and swimming in freshwater is valuable. This article briefly overviews the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and specific chemotherapeutics of the tropical endemic diseases that are important in Korea.

Targets in anticancer research—A review.

Cancer is a complex disease characterized by a loss in the normal cell regulatory mechanisms that govern cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation. Current chemotherapeutics, as anticancer agents, are developing resistance to single drug and also to treatment therapies involving multiple drugs. Cross resistance associated with the specificity and selectivity of existing drugs has restricted the application of chemotherapy. Alternatively, these limitations have given better insight in understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for the development of various stages in cancer. In the light of this, continuous efforts are being made in order to identify and validate newer anticancer targets. This review presents some of the important targets that have been already reported, such as aromatase, farnesyl transferase, histone deacetylase, tyrosine kinase and cyclin-dependent kinase. A few molecules designed against these targets have successfully reached clinical trials. However, only limited marketed drugs are available from these classes. Besides, the review also highlights some of the other important targets and strategies that have also drawn considerable attention in the area of anticancer drug development such as, cancer stem cells and monoclonal antibodies. Further, the integration of the tools in molecular biology with the results from preclinical and clinical trials would strengthen the effectiveness of treatment regimens in cancer patients. There lies a much scope for designing promising lead compounds and treatment therapies against these established targets.

Association of CYP3A4*1B and CYP3A5*3 Genetic Polymorphisms with Lung Cancer and its Impact on Taxane Metabolism in Indian Population.

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the genotype frequencies of CYP3A4*1B and CYP3A5*3 in lung cancer patients which may be useful in determining the patients’ predisposition to platinum based therapies, and may be helpful for individualized drug dosing and improved therapeutics and disease management. Results: We evaluated these two common polymorphisms in south Indian population, based on case-control study of 126 lung cancer cases and 111 controls using a PCR-RFLP-based assay. The investigation of the CYP3A4*1B gene polymorphism revealed, no significant difference in distribution between the lung cancer patients and the controls (p=0.65) . The distribution of CYP3A5*3 homozygous genotypes and heterozygous plus homozygous genotypes were significantly associated (p=0.0004 & p=0.0001) with lung cancer patients, and the *3/*3 genotype had a 4.38 fold increased risk for lung cancer. In our study *1A/*1B heterozygous genotype patients were found to constitute a major percentage of patients receiving Gemcitabine plus carboplatin therapy. Conclusions: In conclusion, the results of our study indicated a relationship between CYP 3A4*1B and CYP3A5*3 polymorphisms and genetic predispositions to lung cancer. Thus detection of CYP3A4*1B/CYP3A4 and CYP3A5*3/CYP3A5 genotype frequencies in Indian population may be important in view of interindividualized drug dosing, improved therapeutics and disease management.

Clinical analysis of liver injury in 164 patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer after chemotherapy / 肿瘤研究与临床

Objective To analyze the changes and clinical significance of live function in advanced non-small cell lung cancer after chemotherapy.Methods The data of 164 patients histopathologically confirmed as advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer with complete medical history data from January 2007 to September 2010 were retrospectively analyzed.All the patients received chemotherapy by docetaxel or gemcitabine plus nedaplatin,regular liver function hematological monitoring and liver color ultrasound examination,which revealed the changes of liver function and liver morphology.Results Docetaxel or gemcitabine plus nedaplatin could induce liver function indexes abnormality in patients with advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer.The main symptoms were the rise of ALT,AST with different extent (ALT:29 U/L vs 30 U/L,AST:54 U/L vs 39 U/L,P ＜ 0.05),which were not related with the sex,age,tumor pathologic types and the clinical stages (P ＞ 0.05).Patients received chemotherapy by gemcitabine were inclined to experience liver function indexes abnormality (P ＜ 0.05).Patients with hepatic metastases and hepatitis B surface antigen positive before chemotherapy were inclined to experience liver function indexes abnormality (P ＜ 0.05).The ALP,γ-GT,TBL,ALB levels after treatment were almost the same as those before treatment (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Taking docetaxel or gemcitabine plus nedaplatin could induce liver function indexes abnormality in patients with advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer.Patients treated by chemotherapy complicated with hepatic metastases,hepatitis B surface antigen positive and treatment by gemcitabine were inclined to experience liver function indexes abnormality,which is value to research.

Chemotherapeutic targeting of cancer-induced immunosuppressive cells:an update research / 药学实践杂志

Cancer‐induced immunosuppressive cells play an important immunosuppressive role during the tumor develop‐ment process ,and the development and progression of tumors are always accompanied with abnormal accumulation of cancer‐in‐duced immunosuppressive cells .Regulatory T lymphocytes (Treg) and myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are major components of these inhibitory cellular networks ,and they can inhibit antitumor immune response through multiple mecha‐nisms .Recent studies have provided evidence that beyond their direct cytotoxic or cytostatic effects on cancer cells ,some con‐ventional chemotherapeutic drugs and agents used in targeted therapies can promote the elimination or inactivation of suppres‐sive Tregs or MDSCs ,resulting in enhanced anti‐tumor immunity .Hence ,chemotherapeutics ,used as a preconditioning regi‐men and combined with subsequent immunotherapy ,can promote anti‐tumor immune response .Anticancer chemoimmunothera‐py strategy will change the recognization of the role for conventional chemotherapy in anticancer treatment ,and it will be help‐ful to optimize the chemotherapy strategies more reasonably .

Clinical efficacy of liver lesion with the treatment of reduced glutathione and ademetionine / 安徽医科大学学报

Clinical efficacy of liver lesion with the treatment of reduced glutathione and ademetionine was analyzed retrospectively. 83 patients were randomly divided into two groups based on the application of preventive hepatopro-tective drug. Control group was treated with reduced glutathione intravenous drip infusion once a day ( n =40 ) , while treatment group with reduced glutathione and ademetionine(Transmetil) once a day(n=43). After 12 days, the clinical efficacy of treatment group was better than that of control group. Total response rate was 95. 35% for treatment group, much better than that of control group(80. 00%). There was significant difference between two groups ( P<0.05 ) . Reduced glutathione and ademetionine are more effective in the treatment of chemotherapeutics-induced liver lesion than only with reduced glutathione.

Toxic effects of different doses of cyclophosphamide on the reproductive parameters of male mice / Os efeitos tóxicos de diferentes doses de ciclofosfamida nos parâmetros reprodutivos de camundongos machos

The cyclophosphamide is used in cancer treatment. The aim of this study was evaluating the effect of different doses of this drug on male mice reproductive parameters. The cyclophosphamide was administered in the doses 100, 150, 200 e 250 mg.kg-1, intraperitoneal route, for six weeks. As a result, it was observed a decrease in body mass and a decrease in testicles and kidney's weight, in all animals treated with cyclophosphamide. Only the groups that received the doses 100, 150 mg.kg-1 of cyclophosphamide were able to fertilize their females. There was higher incidence of post- implantation losses, reabsorptions and decrease in fetal viability in the group that received the dose of 150 mg.kg-1. It was observed a reduction in epididymis and liver's weight of the animals treated with the doses 150, 200 e 250 mg.kg-1. Abnormal spermatozoa were found in the doses 200 e 250 mg.kg-1. Based on the methodology used and results obtained, it was concluded that the cyclophosphamide was toxic, considering the decrease in animal's body mass and testicle's weight; promoted hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxic effect; influenced in the animals spermatogenesis taking them to infertility and/or subfertility; decreased fetal viability, despite it didn't cause significant malformations in the offspring.

A ciclofosfamida é utilizada no tratamento de câncer. Este estudo visa avaliar os efeitos das diferentes doses do fármaco nos parâmetros reprodutivos de camundongos machos. A ciclofosfamida foi administrada nas doses de 100, 150, 200 e 250 mg kg-1, via intraperitoneal por seis semanas. Como resultado observou-se diminuição de massa corporal, redução no peso de testículos e rins em todos os animais tratados com a ciclofosfamida. Apenas os grupos que receberam as doses de 100 e 150 mg kg-1 do quimioterápico foram capazes de fertilizar as fêmeas. Houve maior incidência de perdas pós-implantação, reabsorção e diminuição da viabilidade fetal no grupo que recebeu a dose de 150 mg kg-1. Observou-se redução nos pesos dos epidídimos e fígado dos animais tratados com as doses de 150, 200 e 250 mg kg-1. Espermatozóides anômalos foram encontrados nas doses de 200 e 250mg kg-1. Com base na metodologia empregada e nos resultados obtidos, conclui-se que a ciclofosfamida foi tóxica considerando-se a redução de massa corporal e o peso dos testículos dos animais; promoveu hepatotoxicidade e efeito nefrotóxico; influenciou na espermatogênese dos animais de forma a levá-los a um estado de infertilidade e/ou subfertilidade; diminuiu viabilidade fetal, entretanto não causou malformações significativas na prole.

Expression of Survlvin and p53 in human biiiary tract carcinoma cell line regulated by nanochemotherapy drug / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective To determine the effect of nanochemotherapy drug on Survivin and p53 ex-pressed by human biliary traet carcinoma cell line QBC939.Methods Culturing the human biliary tract carcinoma cell line QBC939 in vitro and it was divided into five groups including saline,nanochemotherapy drug,nanopartiele withoul nanochemotherapy drug,5-FU and gemcitabine.Using the methods of MTT and flow cytometry to observe the growth of QBC939 which was dealt with different drugs.In addition,RT-PCR and Western blot were used to delect the expression of mRNA and protein by Survivin or p53.Results The expression of mRNA and protein by Survivin decreased in the following set:saline,nanoparlicle withoul nanochemotherapy drug,5-FU,gemcitabine and nanochemotherapy drug,respeclively.However,the ex-pression of mRNA and protein by p53 were in reverse order.The inhibiting action to QBC939 was obvious in nanochenmtherapy drng and the apoplotic rate was higher than others except for gemcitabine(P＜0.05). Conclusion Nanochemotherapy drug has significant effect on treatment cholangiocarcinoma in vilro,which may attribute to the down regulation of Survivin and up regulation of p53.

Efficacy Observation of Reduced Glutathione in the Treatment of Chemotherapeutics-induced Liver Lesion Caused by Chemotherapy in Cancer Patients / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To observe clinical efficacy of reduced glutathione in the treatment of chemotherapeutics-induced liver lesion in cancer patients.METHODS:85 patients with drug-induced liver lesion after chemotherapy were randomly divided into 2 groups.Treatment group were treated with reduced glutathione and diammonium glycyrrhizinate injection (n=43) and control group were treated with diammonium glycyrrhizinate (n=42).Clinical efficacies of 2 groups were compared.RESULTS:After 2 weeks,average value of several index in treatment group were lower than in control group,there were significant difference between 2 groups (P

Desenvolvimento e avaliação de formas farmacêuticas sólidas contendo didanosina / Development and evaluationof solid dosage forms with didanosine

A Síndrome da Imunodeficiência adquirida (AIDS) é uma doença de amplo espectro de manifestações, sendo razão de preocupação para qualquer autoridade sanitária. A terapêutica da AIDS é complexa sendo utilizados vários medicamentos, diversas vezes ao dia. Deste modo, objetivou-se o desenvolvimento de formas farmacêuticas sólidas como comprimidos tamponados mastigáveis (CTM), comprimidos com revestimento gastro-resistentes (CRGR) e pellets (PEL) para a veiculação de didanosina (ddl). Seis especialidades farmacêuticas na forma de CTM forma estudadas quanto ao perfil de dissolução, pH do meio e capacidade neutralizante ácida (CNA). Formulações teste de CTM foram propostas visando obter CNAs e perfis de dissolução adequados. Também foram testadas formulações de comprimidos e de pellets para posterior revestimento com filme gastro-resistente derivado do ácido metacrílico. Os ensaios de dissolução das amostras de CTM revelaram diferenças nas características de liberação do fármaco. Também foram observadas diferenças relacionadas a CNA. As formulações de CTM propostas apresentaram, na maioria dos casos, adequados perfis de dissolução e CNA. As formulações CRGR que receberam revestimento gastro-resistente apresentaram perfis de dissolução de ddl adequados, entretanto os comprimidos testados intumesceram em meio ácido, indicando descontinuidade do filme polimérico sobre os comprimidos. Testes para a produção de pellets veiculando ddl mostraram-se adequados quanto à morfologia e dissolução do fármaco, o mesmo sendo observado após o revestimento com filme gastro-resistente

The Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a disease that manifests itself in a myriad of ways. Because of this, the condition has been subject of concern to all sanitary authorities. The treatment of AIDS is complex and many types of medicine are used, many times a day. The objective of the present study was to develop solid pharmaceutical dosage forms such as buffered chewable tablets (CTM), gastro-resistant coating tablets (CRGR) and pellets (PEL) for the loading of didanosine (ddl). Six pharmaceutical specialties in the form of CTM were studied so as to identify the profile of the dissolution, the pH of the environment, and the neutralizing acid capacity (CNA). The use of CTM tests formulations was proposed with the objective of obtaining adequate CNA and dissolution profiles. Different compositions of tablets and pellets were tested for a later addition of gastro-resistant film derived from the methacrylic acid. The experiments on the dissolution of the sample of CTM showed differences in the characteristic of the release of the substance. Differences related to the CNA were also observed. The formulations of the CTM proposed showed to have, in the most number of the cases, both adequate dissolution behavior and CNA. The formulations of the CRGR that had received the gastro-resistant coating showed adequate profile of ddl dissolution; the tested tablets, however, swelled in the acid environment, therefore indicating a lack of continuity of the polymeric film over the tablets. The tests for the production of pellets showed adequate results as to its morphology and dissolution of ddl. The same was observed after coating the pellets with gastro-resistant film.

Immunomodulatory features of chemotherapeutics / 医学研究生学报

Chemotherapeutic drugs conventionally used for their cytotoxic activity can also exert their influence on the immune system by grooming the tumor microenvironment,abrogating immune tolerance and inciting immune reconstitution.Due to their immunomodulatory features,chemotherapeutics,used as a preconditioning regimen and combined with subsequent immunotherapy,can mobilize the immune system to generate antitumor immune response.The synergy between chemotherapy and immunotherapy has brought some enlightenment to the development of new protocols for cancer treatment.

Therapeutic drug effects or toxicity depends on genetic polymorphisms in cancer chemotherapy / 医学研究生学报

A nucleotide diversity in DNA sequence is called polymorphism,which results in intersubjects variation in therapeutic drug effects and toxicity.Clinical studies were found that a single nucleotide polymorphism influenced response or drug toxicity in cancer chemotherapies,which were based on 5-fluorouracil,Irinotecan,platinum and so on.This review will focus on the recently development in the relation between drug effects or toxicity and polymorphism.

Restoration of Adriamycin and Vincristine Dependent Tumoricidal Activity by Interferon in Mice with Implanted Tumor Cells

The survival of implanted tumor cells in mice which had been treated with interferon in combination with either adriamycin or vincristine was evaluated. While the majority of tumor cells implanted into normal mice failed to survive (52.1 to 63.5%), most of those implanted into mice which had been pretreated with either adriamycin or vincristine survived. If the mice were secondarily treated with interferon, the ability of adriamycin or vincristine to inhibit the survival of implanted tumor cells was restored within 24 hours. Restoration of tumoricidal activity by interferon treatment was more evident in the adriamycin pretreated mice. Peritoneal macrophages isolated from mice pretreated with both interferon and adriamycin had an increased tumoricidal activity, when compared with those isolated from mice treated with adriamycin alone. This interferon dependent enhancement of tumoricidal activity was comparable with that obtained by treating mice with lymphokines a product of Con A treated lymphocytes isolated from BCG treated mice. These results suggested that both adriamycin and vincristine may damage the macrophages required for the natural host defense mechanism and allow the implanted tumor cells to survive. Interferon may, however, protect the macrophages from drug induced damage.