Chenopodium ambrosioides induces an endothelium-dependent relaxation of rat isolated aorta / 中西医结合学报

OBJECTIVE@#This study aims to evaluate the vasodilatory effect of Chenopodium ambrosioides on the isolated rat aorta, and to explore its mechanism of action.@*METHODS@#The vasorelaxant effect and the mode of action of various extracts from the leaves of C. ambrosioides were evaluated on thoracic aortic rings isolated from Wistar rats. In addition, ethyl acetate and methanol fractions were analyzed, using thin-layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography techniques, for their polyphenolic content.@*RESULTS@#The various active extracts of C. ambrosioides at four concentrations (10, 10, 10 and 1 mg/mL) relaxed the contraction elicited by phenylephrine, in a concentration-dependent manner. This effect seems to be endothelium-dependent, since the vasodilatory effect was entirely absent in denuded aortic rings. The vasorelaxant effect of the methanol fraction (MF) of C. ambrosioides at 1 mg/mL was also inhibited by atropine and tetraethylammonium. This effect remained unchanged by Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride and glibenclamide. The preliminary phytochemical analysis showed that the leaves of C. ambrosioides are rich in phenolic and flavonoid derivatives.@*CONCLUSION@#These results suggest that the MF of C. ambrosioides produces an endothelium-dependent relaxation of the isolated rat aorta, which is thought to be mediated mainly through stimulation of the muscarinic receptors, and probably involving the opening of Ca-activated potassium channels.

Óleo essencial de Chenopodium ambrosioides L: estado da arte / Essential oil of Chenopodium ambrosioides L: state of the art

Chenopodium ambrosioides L. é uma erva aromática amplamente distribuída ao longo da América, África e também em países da Europa. No Brasil, a planta é popularmente conhecida como mastruz. Tem sido utilizada pela população como anti-helmíntica e para tratamentos de gripe. O óleo essencial das folhas é o componente mais conhecido da planta e de grande importância científica. As propriedades terapêuticas da planta são geralmente atribuídas ao óleo essencial pelos investigadores. Este trabalho traz uma revisão da literatura sobre o óleo essencial de C. ambrosioides, com ênfase nos seus constituintes químicos, atividade biológica e aspectos toxicológicos.(AU)

Chenopodium ambrosioides L. is an aromatic herb widely distributed throughout the Americas, Africa and also in European countries. In Brazil, the plant is popularly known as mastruz. It has been used by the population as anthelmintic and in the treatment of influenza. The essential oil of the leaves is the most familiar component of the plant and of great scientific importance. The therapeutic properties of the plant are generally attributed to the essential oil. This paper reviews the literature on the essential oil of C. ambrosioides, with emphasis on its chemical constituents, biological activity and toxicological aspects.(AU)

Chenopodiaceae endémicas del Perú

La familia Chenopodiaceae es reconocida en el Perú con cuatro géneros y 20 especies (Brako & Zarucchi, 1993; Ulloa Ulloa et al., 2004), todas hierbas y arbustos. En este trabajo reconocemos un endemismo en el género Atriplex. Esta especie endémica ocupa las regiones Desierto Cálido Tropical, Desierto Semicálido Tropical y Matorral Desértico, desde el nivel del mar hasta los 1150 m; no está representada en el Sistema Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas por el Estado.

The Chenopodiaceae is represented in Peru by four genera and 20 species (Brako & Zarucchi, 1993; Ulloa Ulloa et al., 2004), all of them herbs and shrubs. Here we recognize one endemic species in Atriplex. This endemic species grows in the Tropical Costal Desert, Subtropical Costal Desert and Desert Shrubland regions, from sea level to 1150 m elevation. This endemic species is not found within Peru's protected area system.

Chenoalbuside: an antioxidant phenolic glycoside from the seeds of Chenopodium album L. (Chenopodiaceae)

In addition to three known phytoecdysteroids, a new phenolic glycoside (named, chenoalbuside) was isolated from the methanol extract of the seeds of Chenopodium album. While the structures of all phytoecdysteroids were elucidated by direct comparison of their spectroscopic data with published data, the structure of chenoalbuside was determined unequivocally by a combination of UV, MS and 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic analyses. The antioxidant potential of the new compound was assessed by the DPPH assay, and the RC50 value was found to be 1.4 x 10-4 mg/mL.