Normative references of fetal chest circumference in a Nigerian population

A linear relationship between gestational age and fetal thoracic size has been observed, with growth occurring at a regular rate from 16 to 40 weeks.Objective: To determine the fetal chest circumference in normal late second and third-trimester pregnancies in a Nigerian population.Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out on gravid women with normal singleton pregnancies at 22 ­ 38 weeks gestational age. We recruited 440 eligible gravid women. The fetal gestational age was estimated from the last menstrual period and an early first trimester ultrasound report (< 10 weeks). The fetal chest circumference was measured on an axial view of the fetal chest after ensuring adequate visualisation of the four cardiac chambers, both fetal lungs and ribs. The other fetal biometric parameters were determined using the previously established guidelines. Descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation, and regression analysis were used as appropriate. Statistical tests were considered significant at P ≤ 0.05.Results: The mean age of the subjects was 29.8 ± 4.6 years (range = 18-45 years). The chest circumference of the fetuses ranged from 16.56 ± 0.29 cm to 30.87 ± 6.88 cm. The fetal chest circumferences increased with advancing gestational age (16.56 ± 0.29 cm at 22 weeks to 30.87 ± 6.88 cm at 37 weeks gestational age). There was strong positive correlation between chest circumference and menstrual gestational age (r=0.85, p=<0.0001), biparietal diameter (r=0.88, p<0.0001), abdominal circumference (r=0.90, p<0.0001) and fetal length (r=0.88, p<0.0001).Conclusion: The fetal chest circumference grew as the pregnancy progressed. There was a positive linear correlation between fetal chest circumference and menstrual gestational age as well as the other fetal biometric parameters.

Study on peak expiratory flow rate and its influencing factors in healthy school children in Kancheepuram district of Tamil Nadu, India

Background: The Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) is useful to screen and monitor the severity of asthma in children. Many studies have documented that age, height and weight are some of the main factors that affect the PEFR. Thus, the present study was done to find the PEFR values among the school children and to find the factors that influences the PEFR values in our geographical area.Methods: It was a cross sectional study conducted in school children belong the rural area of Kancheepuram district, Tamil Nadu, India. A total of 378 students of both the gender at the age group of 5-10 years were selected for the study. The PEFR was measured by making the participant seated comfortably. One peak flow meter was used for 25 children and mouthpiece was changed for each student.Results: The PEFR value among and male and female participants was analyzed statistically (Table 2). The mean value of male and female study population was 169.53'37.38 and 146.24'33.01 respectively. The difference in the mean values were statistically significant (p=0.001) and found to be high in male participants. The Pearson correlation r between PEFR with height is 0.463, thus showing a positive correlation with the p?0.001 which is statistically significant. The Pearson correlation r between PEFR and chest circumference is 0.335 thus indicating a positive correlation between PEFR and chest circumference.Conclusions: From the present study, the normal values of PEFR has been deduced for the healthy school children in our geographical area. Further, it was found that the height and chest circumference are influencing factors for PEFR. Further regression equation has been derived that can help us to find the approximate PEFR values with the help of height and chest circumference of the children.

Therapeutic Observation of Paired Needling plus Tuina for Small Breast Disease / 上海针灸杂志

ObjectiveTo observe the clinical efficacy of paired needling plus tuina in treating small breast disease.MethodBy following the randomized controlled method, 60 patients with small breast disease were divided into a treatment group (intervened by paired needling plus tuina) of 30 cases and a control group (intervened by treatment device for mammary glands) of 30 cases, 15 sessions as a treatment course, for 2 courses in total. The chest circumference was used to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy.Result There was no significant inter-group difference in comparing the chest circumference after the first treatment course(P>0.05), while the difference was statistically significant after 2 treatment courses(P<0.05).ConclusionPaired needling plus seven-step tuina can produce a significant stable long-standing therapeutic efficacy in treating small breast disease.

The effect of chest circumference index adjusting tube voltages technique on image quality and radiation dose at coronary CT angiography / 中华放射学杂志

Objective To explore the effect of chest circumference index adjusting tube voltage techniquey on image quality and radiation dose at coronary CTA. Methods One hundred and twenty consecutive patients [body mass index(BMI)90 cm, n=20). All patients were examined by coronary CTA. The patients in conventional group were performed using retrospective ECG-gating technology and reconstructed by filtered back projection algorithm. The tube voltage/tube current was 120 kV/1 000 mAs. Prospective ECG?gating technology and iterative algorithm reconstruction were used in low dose group. The tube voltages/currents were 80 kV/150 mAs, 100 kV/150 mAs, 120 kV/150 mAs in A, B, C group, respectively. Image quality was assessed by subjective evaluation (image quality score) and objective evaluation (signal?to?noise ratio).The effective radiation dose was calculated. Analyses of the differences between groups were compared with image quality, radiation dose by single factor variance and Wilcoxon signed ranks test.Results The image quality scores and signal?to?noise ratio of aorta were respectively (3.47 ± 0.38), (3.48 ± 0.27), (3.45 ± 0.32), (3.46±0.29) and (15.5±3.6), (15.8±3.6), (15.8±4.1), (16.2±3.9) in conventional, A, B and C groups, there was no statistical difference between the four groups (P=0.24, 0.43). The effective radiation dose of four groups were respectively (17.15 ± 3.25), (0.88 ± 0.02), (1.38 ± 0.05), (2.32 ± 0.04) mSv, the difference was statistically significant (P=0.02). The effective radiation dose of A, B, C group was significantly lower than that in the conventional group. Conclusion Chest circumference index adjusting tube voltages technology at coronary CT angiography can effectively reduce the effective radiation without compromise of image quality.

Length-chest circumference index of 13776 cases normal term newborn in different gestational ages / 临床儿科杂志

Objective To obtain the length-chest circumference index of normal term newborns in different gestational age. Methods By cross-sectional time cluster sampling fact-ifnding investigation method, the anthropometric data on 16388 newborns from 2013 to 2015 were measured, including birth weight, length, crown-rump length, head circumference, and chest circumference, to develop normal full-term infants height chest circumference index (BCI) in different gestational age. Results Anthropometric data of 13776 normal term infants were available at the end of the study. The BCI, Ververck Index (VI), Elisma index (EI) were increasing with the gestational age at newborn. BCI, VI, EI in male is less than those of female with signiifcant difference (P<0.05). There were some differences of newborn’s BCI, VI and EI in 2015 than those in 2005. Conclusion Com-pared to ten years ago, chest fullness increased with gestational age at different gestational ages in normal full-term infants, and the chest fullness in male is less than that in female.

Evaluation of a Chest Circumference-Adapted Protocol for Low-Dose 128-Slice Coronary CT Angiography with Prospective Electrocardiogram Triggering

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of chest circumference-adapted scanning protocol on radiation exposure and image quality in patients undergoing prospective electrocardiogram (ECG)-triggered coronary CT angiography (CCTA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred-eighty-five consecutive patients, who had undergone prospective ECG triggering CCTA with a 128-slice CT, were included in the present study. Nipple-level chest circumference, body weight and height were measured before CT examinations. Patients were divided into four groups based on kV/ref.mAs = 100/200, 100/250, 120/200, and 120/250, when patient's chest circumference was 95.0 (n = 32), respectively. Image quality per-segment was independently assessed by two experienced observers. Image noise and attenuation were also measured. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) were calculated. The effective radiation dose was calculated using CT dose volume index and the dose-length product. RESULTS: A significant correlation was observed between patients' chest circumference and body mass index (r = 0.762, p < 0.001). Chest circumference ranged from 74 to 105 cm, and the mean effective radiation dose was 1.9-3.8 mSv. Diagnostic image quality was obtained in 98.5% (2440/2478) of all evaluated coronary segments without any significant differences among the four groups (p = 0.650). No significant difference in image noise was observed among the four groups (p = 0.439), thus supporting the validity of the chest circumference-adapted scanning protocol. However, vessel attenuation, SNR and CNR were significantly higher in the 100 kV groups than in the 120 kV groups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: A measure of chest circumference can be used to adapt tube voltage and current for individualized radiation dose control, with resultant similar image noise and sustained diagnostic image quality.

Comparative Study of Height, Weight and Chest Circumference among Children of Municipal Corporation School and Private School.

Aim: The present study was carried out to find out growth pattern in school children from different socio economic background. Study design: Cross sectional, school based study. Setting: Mukul Mandir and Pragati School in N – 7 CIDCO Aurangabad. Study variables: Age, Sex, Weight, Height and Chest circumference. Statistical analysis: Standard deviation, mean, unpaired “t” test. Result and conclusions: Height, weight and chest circumference of municipal school children are having less value as compared to height, weight and chest circumference of private school children.

A Study on Comparison of the Physical Growth between the Korean and the Japanese Young Adults(18-29 yrs.) / 체질인류학회지

The physical conditions of the Korean and the Japanese young adults (aged 18-29) were analyzed for the 10 important body dimensions such as stature, body weight, sitting height, chest circumference, and etc.. The Korean data published in 1979 and 1992 were compared with the Japanese data published in 1984 and 1994, respectively. Also, the physical developments and the sex differences of the Korean in past 13 years were compared with those of Japanese. The results are as follows. 1) The stature, sitting height and perineum height of the Korean young male and female are significantly smaller than those of the Japanese. 2) In the past, the chest circumference, waist circumference, hip circumference, body weight of the Korean are larger values than those of the Japanese. But, there are no significant differences in recent surveys. 3) Most body dimensions of male show significantly larger than those of female in the two countries. 4) There is no significant difference in thigh circumference between the Korean male and female in 1992. 5) There are no significant differences in thigh circumference between the '84 Japanese male and female and in hip circumference between the '94 Japanese male and female. 6) Compared with the results of the past surveys, the relative body weight, perineum height, and chest circumference of female to male are decreased in the two countries. But, the relative hip circumference of female to male are increased in both countries.

Analysis of Physical Development of 3 9324 Children Aged from Birth to 12 Years in PLA / 第二军医大学学报

Four anthropometric-measurements (weight, height, head ciroumference and chest circumference) of 38342 children aged from birth to 12 years in PLA were made. The results showed that the growth and development of military children conform to the general laws of physicl development of children. The mean weight, head ciroumference and chest ciroumference by age of children aged from birth to 7 years in PLA were higher than that in the nine cities.