Uric acid-lowering active ingredients and mechanism of Cichorium intybus / 中草药

Objective: To investigate the active ingredients of chicory on uric acid-lowering, and make a preliminary study on the safety as well as mechanism of uric acid-lowering. Methods: Fifty quails were evenly randomized into five groups, namely normal group, model group, benzbromarone (20 mg/kg) group, high-dose and low-dose mixture groups (150, and 50 mg/kg), 10 quails in each group. Except for the normal group, the quails in other groups were given high purine diet (ordinary forage mixed with 15 g/kg of yeast extract powder) to induce hyperuricemia model. And then we observed the changes of UA, ALT, AST, Cr, BUN, XOD, and ADA levels in serum during the treatment. Results: During the molding period, model group of serum UA level significantly increased (P 0.05) in 7-21 d; The XOD and ADA levels showed different degrees of inhibition. Conclusion: Chlorogenic acid, aesculin, as well as chicoric acid has the effect on lowering serum uric acid level in quail hyperuricemia model, which may be associated with reducing the activities of XOD and ADA levels.

Simultaneous Determination of Monocaffeyltartaric Acid, Chlorogenic Acid, Caffeic Acid and Chicoric Acid in Herba Taraxaci by HPLC / 中国药师

Objective:To develop an HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of four phenolic compounds ( monocaffey-ltartaric acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid and chicoric acid) in Herba Taraxaci. Methods:The separation was performed on a Ther-mo C18 column (250 mm × 4. 6 mm, 5 μm) with methanol-0. 2％ phosphonic acid as the mobile phase with gradient elution. The de-tection wavelength was 328 nm, the flow rate was 1. 0 ml·min-1 and the column temperature was 35℃. Results:The linear range of monocaffeyltartaric acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid and chicoric acid was 11.59-115.90 (r = 0.9999), 2.50-24.96(r =0. 9998),2. 27-22. 70(r=0. 9995) and 12. 44-124. 40(r=0. 9998) μg ·ml-1, respectively. The average recovery was 102. 50％(RSD=2. 30％), 99. 29％(RSD=0. 43％), 96. 71％(RSD=0. 78％) and 95. 36％ (RSD=1. 30％), respectively. Conclusion:The method is simple and accurate with good repeatability, which can be used for the quality control of Herba Taraxaci.

Phytochemical Analysis of the Phenolic Fat-Suppressing Substances in the Leaves of Lactuca raddeana in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes

Lactuca raddeana (Compositae) is used to treat obesity and complications due to diabetes. The five phenolic compounds including chlorogenic acid, chicoric acid, luteolin 7-O-glucoside, luteolin 7-O-glucuronide, luteolin were qualitatively identified by LC-ESI-MS analysis. The contents were quantitatively determined by HPLC, under the condition of a Capcell Pak C18 column (5 microm, 250 mm x 4.6 mm i.d.) and a gradient elution of 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and 0.05% TFA in MeOH-H2O (60 : 40). The contents of chicoric acid (100.99 mg/g extract) and luteolin 7-O-glucoside (101. 69 mg/g extract) were high, while those of other three phenolic substances were very low. The 3T3-L1 adipocyte cells treated with chicoric acid and luteolin 7-O-glucuronide significantly suppressed the accumulation of fat, suggesting they are effective against obesity. Since high level of peroxynitrite (ONOO) causes cardiovascular disease in obese patients, its scavenging activity was also studied.

Quantitative Determination of Five Phenolic Peroxynitrite-scavengers in Nine Korean Native Compositae herbs

Peroxynitrite (ONOO-)-scavenging activities of nine Compositae herbs consisting of three Ixeris, two Youngia, two Cirsium and one of each Lactuca and Taraxacum species were evaluated. The contents of their ONOO- scavengers in the extracts were also determined on a HPLC using seven standard compounds, chlorogenic acid (CGA), chicoric acid (CA), luteolin 7-glucoside (luteolin-7-glc), luteolin 7-glucuronide (luteolin-7-glcU), luteolin, linarin and pectolinarin. Five of those compounds exhibited potent ONOO--scavenging activities: IC50, CA (0.76 microM), CGA (1.34 microM), luteolin (0.81 microM), luteolin-7-glc (0.86 microM) and luteolin-7-glcU (3.13 microM). Both CA and luteolin-7-glc were highly contained in I. dentata (19.71 mg/g and 13.58 mg/g, respectively), I. dentata var. albiflora (17.58 mg/g and 23.83 mg/g, respectively) and I. sonchifolia (65.71 mg/g and 6.99 mg/g, respectively). Among the nine herbs, those three Ixeris species had very low IC50 values over the range of 0.48 - 1.74 microg/mL, suggesting that they could be potential therapeutic vegetables, particularly for preventing diabetic complications or obesity, which can be caused by an excess production of ONOO-.

Determination of Chicoric Acid in Three Different Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms by RP-HPLC / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To determine the contents of chicoric acid in three different pharmaceutical dosage forms by RP-HPLC.METHODS:Samples were determined on VP-ODS C18,with the mobile phase consisted of methanol-1% acetic acid-tetrahydrofuran(33∶62∶5) with flow rate at 1.0 mL?min-1,UV detection wavelength at 327 nm,column temperature at 30 ℃ and sample size at 20 ?L.RESULTS:The linear range of chicoric acid was 0.398 72～3.987 2 ?g(r=0.999 8).The average recoveries of the oral liquid,capsules,and tablets were 99.85%(RSD=0.98%),102.50%(RSD=1.84%),and 100.50%(RSD=1.69%),respectively.CONCLUSION:This method is accurate,reproducible,specific,and suitable for the content determination of chicoric acid.

Determination of 2 caffeic acid derivatives in Echinacea extracts by RP-HPLC / 中成药

AIM: To estahlish a RP-HPLC method of determining two caffeic acid derivatives in Echinacea extract and to determine 5 Echinacea purpurea root extracts. METHODS: RP-HPLC was applied to determine 2 caffeic acid derivatives in E.purpurea extract:caftaric acid and chicoric acid.HPLC conditions were as follows: Agilent ZORBAX StableBond C_(18) column(5 ?m,4.6 mm?250 mm) was used,with A(acetonitrile) —B(0.1% H_3PO_4) gradient elution as a mobile phase.The flow rate was 1.2 mL/min.The detection wavelenth was set at 330 nm. RESULTS: 2 caffeic acid derivatives were separated well.The linear range for caftaric acid and chicoric acid were 0.064-0.416 ?g and 0.1-0.7 ?g,respectively.Its average recoveries were 99.37% with RSD of(1.50%) and 100.44% with RSD of 1.71%,respectively. CONCLUSION: The method is simple,accurate,strong specificity and can be used to control the quality of E.purpurea extract and new medicine development.