ABSTRACT
Abstract This study aimed to describe the community food environment surrounding schools and its association with territorial socio-environmental vulnerability in the city with the highest intraurban social inequity index in Brazil. Methods: this ecological observational study includes data on the presence and type of food retail in a 400 m buffer surrounding public and private schools in Recife. We have also described the Health Vulnerability Index (HVI) of census tracts and conducted multivariate analyses. Results: through factor analysis, we observed two grouping patterns of food retail. The "diverse food outlets" pattern was positively associated with middle HVI (β 0.14, 95% confidence interval [CI] - 0.11; 0.16) and higher HVI areas (β 0.15, 95%CI - 0.11; 0.17), while "the large food retail chains" pattern was inversely associated with middle HVI (β -0.42, 95% CI - 0.53; -0.30) and high HVI areas (β -0.32, 95%CI - 0.45; -0.18) and positively associated with private schools (β 0.15, 95%CI - 0.030; 0.27). Conclusion: the greatest variety in food retail is in high HVI areas, and large food retail chains prevail around private schools, especially in low HVI areas.
Resumo Este trabalho objetivou descrever o ambiente alimentar comunitário no entorno das escolas e sua associação com a vulnerabilidade socioambiental territorial na cidade com maior índice de desigualdade social intraurbana do Brasil. Métodos: estudo ecológico observacional, inclui dados sobre a presença e o tipo de varejo de alimentos em uma área de 400 m no entorno de escolas públicas e privadas de Recife. Descrevemos o Índice de Vulnerabilidade à Saúde (IVS) dos setores censitários e realizamos análises multivariadas. Resultados: por meio da análise fatorial, observamos dois padrões de agrupamento de estabelecimentos. O padrão "Diversos pontos de venda de alimentos" foi associado positivamente com IVS médio (β 0,14; intervalo de confiança [IC] 95% - 0,11; 0,16) e áreas de IVS mais alto (β 0,15; IC95% - 0,11; 0,17), enquanto o padrão "Grandes redes varejistas de alimentos" foi inversamente associado às áreas de IVS médio (β -0,42; IC95% - 0,53; -0,30) e alto IVS (β -0,32; IC95% - 0,45; -0,18) e positivamente associado com escolas particulares (β 0,15; IC95% - 0,030; 0,27). Conclusão: a maior variedade de estabelecimentos está em áreas de alto IVS, e grandes redes varejistas de alimentos predominam no entorno de escolas particulares, especialmente em áreas de baixo IVS.
ABSTRACT
Objectives: To examine how and why a South-South capacity development and networking program for leadership, research, practice and advocacy on maternal new-born, child and adolescent health and health policy and systems strengthening in West Africa and Cameroon worked and identify lessons for low- and middle-income countries. Design: Single qualitative case study drawing on data from document review, observations, key informant interviews and a deliberative workshop. Ethics approval for primary data collection was obtained from the Ghana Health Service Ethical Review Committee (GHS-ERC 012/10/18). Setting: West Africa and Cameroon Participants: Researchers, policy and programme managers and frontline health workers Interventions: Networking and capacity development Results: The programme made good progress in implementing many but not all planned capacity development and networking activities. The opportunity to network with other organisations and individuals and across countries, disciplines, and languages as well as to learn, to develop skills, and obtain mentorship support, were considered valuable benefits of the partnership. Human and financial resource constraints meant that not all planned interventions could be implemented. Conclusions: Lessons for health policy and systems research capacity building in LMIC include the potential of South-South partnerships, the need for dedicated resources, the potential of Sub-regional health organizations to support capacity building and recognition that each effort builds on preceding efforts of others, and that it is important to explore and understand where the energy and momentum for change lies.
Subject(s)
Health Management , Infant Health , Maternal Health , Public Health Systems Research , Health PolicyABSTRACT
Objective:To analyze students' learning behavior in the teaching practice of the presentation-assimilation-discussion (PAD) class based on Xuexitong platform.Methods:The PAD class based on Xuexitong platform was applied to the course of child and adolescent health in the specialty of preventive medicine. And the data were collected from the platform to analyze students' learning behavior, including the number of visits and its rules, the completion rate and duration of homework submission, the completion rate of task points, and the number of students participating in discussions. Questionnaires were used to investigate students' evaluation of the learning effect. SPSS 17.0 was used for Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal Wallis H, and Chi-square test. Results:A total of 99 students visited the platform 40 322 times over 84 days, with a peak on the day of the discussion class, with the highest number of visits from 16:00 to 20:00, and 29.3% (29/99) of them visited the platform for less than 40 days. The completion rate of homework submission was 98.0% (582/594), with 31.1% (181/582) of the person-times less than 6 hours of homework submission duration. The completion rate of task points was 99.0% (3 919/3 960), and the number of students participating in discussions was 3 (2,7). In total, 86.9% to 90.9% of the students thought that the five aspects of learning effect were partly or basically achieved.Conclusion:Students' learning behavior is good on the whole, but their participation in discussion is few, and some of them learn passively, which needs to be further improved.
ABSTRACT
This article reviews the national and international literature on drug policy, focusing on harm reduction strategies and their impact on the development of children and youth in Brazil. Without using statistical criteria, this paper develops an overview of the current context and discusses the trends in the literature through an exploratory analysis of production and a non-exhaustive bibliography. The results showed that state investment in public policies for the treatment and prevention of drug abuse is recent. In addition, harm reduction is still a little known and controversial strategy, especially among children and adolescents...
O artigo traz uma revisão da literatura nacional e internacional referente às políticas sobre drogas, notadamente a propósito da estratégia de redução de danos, com o objetivo de situar, nesse contexto, as ações voltadas para o público infanto-juvenil em desenvolvimento no Brasil. Através de análise exploratória e não exaustiva da produção bibliográfica sobre o tema, e sem o emprego de critérios estatísticos, apresentamos um panorama da situação atual da discussão e principais tendências. Como resultados, identificamos que é muito recente o investimento do Estado em políticas públicas visando ao tratamento e prevenção do uso abusivo de drogas, especialmente quando se trata de crianças e adolescentes, e que a estratégia de redução de danos é ainda pouco conhecida e cercada por muita polêmica...
Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Adolescent , Adolescent Health , Child Health , Harm Reduction , Health Policy , Substance-Related Disorders/prevention & controlABSTRACT
O Brasil vem implantando o Programa de Saúde da Família, em sua atenção básica à saúde. A composição das equipes do programa tem sido questionada como insuficiente, sendo uma das críticas a ausência do pediatra. Este trabalho analisou parte da experiência do município de Campinas (SP), que implantou o programa com adaptações, entre as quais a existência de pediatra em suas 140 equipes. Utilizando metodologia qualitativa e entrevistas semi-estruturadas, foram entrevistados pediatras e médicos de família de dez equipes, indicadas pelos gestores como as de melhores resultados. O objetivo foi conhecer a visão dos mesmos sobre a atenção à saúde da criança por eles praticada, o papel de cada um e a existência do pediatra no programa. Há uma quase unanimidade de defesa da importância do pediatra na atenção básica por aumentar a resolubilidade da equipe. Porém, são apontadas críticas à sua atuação, muito focada no referencial biomédico e no consultório médico, havendo necessidade de maior envolvimento com o trabalho em equipe, os aspectos psicossociais, a família e o território. É essencial uma melhor capacitação do médico de família e do pediatra frente à complexidade da missão da atenção básica atual.
Brazil is developing a Family Health Program in the Primary Health Care. The Family Health Program's team composition has been criticized as insufficient. One of the criticisms has been about the absence of the pediatrician. This study analyzed the experience of the city of Campinas, São Paulo State, which implemented this program with adaptations specifically with the presence of the pediatrician in its 140 teams. Using qualitative methodology and semi-structured interviews, pediatricians and ten family physicians teams were interviewed. The objective was to know their visions about their practice with children's primary health care, the role of each one and about the pediatrician's presence in the team. It was almost an unanimity about the importance of the pediatrician's participation in Primary Health Care, not as a specialty, but because of the improvement of the team's resolubility. Though, the pediatrician's work was considered too focused in the biomedical paradigm and in the office. There is a need for the pediatrician to have more engagement with the psychosocial aspects, the family and territory. It is essential the improvement of the training of pediatricians and family physicians to deal with the complex mission of the primary health care of nowadays.
Subject(s)
Adult , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Family Health , Family Practice , Pediatrics , Physician's Role , Brazil , Government Programs , Urban PopulationABSTRACT
This article introduced practical experience of changing the traditional teaching of experiment lesson in laboratory into the on-the-spot teaching practice of Child and adolescent health.