ABSTRACT
PURPOSE@#To investigate the changes and underlying mechanisms in parents' safety awareness and the use of child safety seats after the mandatory legislation in Shanghai city, China.@*METHODS@#This study was carried out by Shanghai Key Laboratory of Environment and Children's Health using a multi-stage, simple random sampling method. Volunteers with children aged 0-12 months were recruited. Child safety seats were sent to each volunteer's family. Telephone encounters and/or on-site visits were used to collect data from parents using a phased survey on children's safety during car use.@*RESULTS@#Among all respondents, 91.2% had heard of motor vehicle accidents involving children, and 97.2% could describe the appropriate use of a safety seat to minimize the risk of child injury in a collision. Among 1078 families with newborns, awareness of child safety seats was 91.9%. There were 86% patients aware that new laws and regulations have been released regarding the use of child safety seats, and 98.5% of them plan to comply with the new laws. Moreover, 61% patients think that taxis should be routinely equipped with child safety seats.@*CONCLUSION@#The parents in Shanghai obtained a high level of awareness of children's traffic safety after the introduction of child safety seats legislation, and had a positive experience related to the use of child safety seats. Taxi may be an important area of focus for implementation of child traffic safety. Traffic safety laws and regulations with further impact should be continuously studied.
Subject(s)
Child, Preschool , Humans , Infant , Accidents, Traffic , Automobiles , Awareness , Child Health , Child Restraint Systems , China , Parents , Psychology , SafetyABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Child safety seats (CSS) are critical for the protection of children, in case of motor vehicle accidents. Although the national legislation mandates that all newborns must be placed in an appropriately installed CSS during transportation, people often do not perceive the importance of CSS and do not use it as recommended. The purpose of this survey was to understand the use of CSS for the safe transport of newborns from hospital to home. METHODS: We interviewed parents of newborn infants, using a structured questionnaire, at the time of their discharge from Cheil General Hospital & Women’s Health Care Center, between May 2014 and July 2014. RESULTS: A total of 403 participants were interviewed. The rate of CSS use was only 14.9%. Overall, 76.4% of the families interviewed were not aware about the recommendations on CSS use for newborns when travelling in a car. The provision of education on using CSS significantly influenced their rate of use. Parents who were educated about mounting the CSS in a car used it more as compared with others (25.7% vs. 12.2%) (P=0.002). Furthermore, if parents had heard about the importance or necessity of CSS, they used it more than others did (19.5% vs. 10.6%, P=0.032). CONCLUSION: Despite the legal regulation, most parents transport their newborn infants without a CSS while traveling from hospital to their home. The rate of CSS use was influenced by parental education and their knowledge about its necessity. Education programs for parents must be reinforced to increase the CSS use.
Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Child Restraint Systems , Delivery of Health Care , Education , Hospitals, General , Motor Vehicles , Parents , Seat Belts , TransportationABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The use of proper safety restraint systems by children is vital for the reduction of traffic accident-related injury and death. This study evaluated the rates of use of safety restraint systems and front seats by Korean children. METHODS: Based on data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2008 to 2015, I investigated the frequencies of safety restraint systems and front seat use by children under six and 12 years of age, respectively. RESULTS: The percentage of respondents who said they always use safety restraint systems increased from 17.7% in 2008 to 45.0% in 2015. The rate of children who did not use the front seats at all was 47.3 % in 2008 compared to 33.4% in 2015. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed a decrease in safety-restraint-system use as age increased (odds ratio, 0.63; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.51–0.77). The use rate of front-passenger seat belts by the mother is significantly correlated with the safety-restraint- system use rate by children (odds ratio, 2.14; 95% CI, 1.12–4.06). CONCLUSION: Although the rate of safety-restraint-system use for children is increasing annually, it remains low. Additionally, the use rate of front passenger seats for children is high. To reduce the rates of injury and death of children from traffic accidents, it is necessary to educate on the appropriate use of safety restraint systems according to age and body size and to develop stronger regulations.
Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Accidents, Traffic , Body Size , Child Restraint Systems , Korea , Logistic Models , Mothers , Nutrition Surveys , Seat Belts , Social Control, Formal , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the transport of children in automobiles and the use of child restraints systems (CRS). Methods: This is a transversal descriptive study which included 200 vehicle drivers who carried 0-10 year old children in the city of São Luis, MA, Brazil. The drivers' passengers' and children's features were properly identified. The children's transportation using CRS were analyzed according to the Resolution 277/8 of the Brazilian National Traffic Department. Results: The transportation of children was classified as inappropriate in 70.5% of the vehicles analyzed. The most common way for children transportation was free on the back seats (47%) or on the lap of passengers/drivers (17%). The main reasons to justify the improper transportation were either not understanding the importance of CRS use (64.5%) or not having financial resources to buy the devices. The child safety seat was the most used CRS (50.8 %) among vehicles with proper child transportation system. Conclusion: The transportation of children was inappropriate in most of the vehicles analyzed, reflecting the need for creating awareness among automobile drivers, including education, supervision and improvement of policies for health improvement and prevention of accidents involving children transportation. Level of Evidence III, Cross Sectional Study.
ABSTRACT
Os acidentes se configuram em um problema de saúde pública no Brasil. O objetivo deste estudo foi compreender a experiência de pais de crianças vítimas de acidentes automobilísticos sem a utilização de Assento de Segurança Infantil (ASI) ocorridos em Londrina, Paraná, de 2008 a 2011. Estudo exploratório de abordagem qualitativa. Os participantes foram 17 pais de crianças de zero a oito anos, atendidas pelo Sistema Integrado de Atendimento ao Trauma de Emergência (SIATE) e encaminhadas a hospitais. A análise dos dados se deu através da análise de conteúdo, resultando em duas categorias: Acidente de trânsito: quem está a salvo?; Sentimentos no momento do acidente. Concluiu-se que as pessoas não acreditam que acidentes possam acontecer consigo ou com pessoas próximas. Sentimentos de nervosismo são os observados no momento do acidente. A educação se mostra como ponto de partida para o uso do ASI, daí a importância do enfermeiro como profissional educador.
Accidents are a public health problem in Brazil. The objective of this study was to understand the experience of parents of children victims of automobile accidents without a child restraint systems (CRS) taken place in Londrina, Paraná, from 2008 to 2011. This exploratory study was performed with a qualitative approach. The participants were 17 parents of children of ages zero to eight years, seen by the Integrated Emergency Trauma Care Service and referred to hospitals. The data analysis was performed using content analysis, which revealed two categories: Traffic accidents: who is safe?; Feelings at the time of the accident. In conclusion, people do not believe that accidents may happen with them or with close ones. Feelings of nervousness are observed at the time of the accident. Education is a starting point for using the CRS, thus the importance of nurses as educators.
Los accidentes constituyen un problema de salud pública en Brasil. Se objetivó comprender la experiencia de padres de niños víctimas de accidentes automovilísticos sin utilización de Asiento de Seguridad Infantil (ASI) sucedidos en Londrina-PA, de 2008 a 2011. Estudio exploratorio de abordaje cualitativo. Participaron 17 padres de niños de 0 a 8 años, atendidos por el Sistema Integrado de Atención del Trauma de Emergencia (SIATE) y derivados a hospitales. Datos analizados por análisis de contenido, resultando dos categorías: "Accidente de tránsito, ¿quién está a salvo?"; "Sentimientos al momento del accidente". Se concluye en que las personas no creen que puedan ocurrir accidentes a sí mismos o a personas próximas. Se observan sentimientos de nerviosismo al momento del accidente. La educación se muestra como punto de partida para el uso del ASI, de allí la importancia del enfermero como educador.
Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Accidents, Traffic , Child Restraint Systems , Nursing , Parents/psychologyABSTRACT
En 2009 murieron en la Argentina 564 niños de 0 a 14 años en accidentes de tránsito, cuya tasa de mortalidad es de 56/100 000 habitantes, el 858% con respecto a Suecia, el país con menor tasa. El 50% viajaban en automóviles; el 30%, en vehículos pesados; el 16,3% murieron en vuelcos, y el 4,5%, en vehículos de dos ruedas. Las lesiones graves y la muerte son más frecuentes en los bebés menores de 1 año. Las sillas de seguridad adecuadas evitan la muerte del 71% de los niños menores de 1 año y del 54% de los de 1 a 6 años. Motivar un mayor uso requiere un trabajo interdisciplinario entre el obstetra y el pediatra para asesorar a la familia. El Estado y las instituciones deben acompañar esta campaña para disminuir los accidentes mortales y sus secuelas.
During 2009, 564 children died in Argentina from 0 to 14 in traffic accidents. The mortality rate for road accidents is 56/100 000 inhabitants and is 858% when compared to Sweden, the country with the lowest rate. Fifty percent were children transported in cars, 30% in heavy duty vehicles, 16.3% died when the vehicle overturned and 4.5% died in two wheeled vehicles. Serious injuries and death are more frequent in babies less than a year old. Seventy one per cent of children under 1 year old and 54% of those between 1 and 6 years old would avoid death in an accident if transported in adequate safety seats. This requires a joint effort between obstetricians and pediatricians to inform the family about the right type of safety seat. The State and other institutions should accompany this campaign to reduce the number of fatal accidents and their consequences.
Subject(s)
Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Infant , Automobiles , Child Restraint Systems , Pediatrics , Physician's Role , Safety , Wounds and Injuries/prevention & control , Accidents, Traffic , Practice Guidelines as TopicABSTRACT
Legislating five of the main risk factors for road traffic injuries (RTIs), as much as enforcing the law, is essential in forging an integral culture of road safety. Analysis of the level of progression in law enforcement allows for an evaluation of the state of world regions. A secondary analysis of the 2009 Global status report on road safety: time for action survey was undertaken to evaluate legislation on five risk factors (speed management, drinking and driving, motorcycle helmet use, seatbelt use, and use of child restraints) in the Americas. Laws were classified depending on their level of progression: the existence of legislation, whether the legislation is adequate, a level of law enforcement > 6 (on a scale of 0-10), and whether the law is considered comprehensive. A descriptive analysis was performed. The totality of the countries has national or subnational legislation for at least one of the five risk factors. However, 63% have laws on the five risk factors studied, and none of them has comprehensive laws for all five. Seatbelt use appears to be the most extended enforced legislation, while speeding laws appear to be the least enforced. There are positive efforts that should be recognized in the region. However, the region stands in different stages of progression. Law enforcement remains the main issue to be tackled. Laws should be based on evidence about what is already known to be effective.
La legislación sobre cinco de los principales factores de riesgo de sufrir lesiones causadas por el tránsito, así como el cumplimiento de la ley, son esenciales para forjar una cultura integral de seguridad vial. El análisis del nivel de progresión en el cumplimiento de la ley permite evaluar el estado de las regiones del mundo. Se llevó a cabo un análisis secundario de la encuesta Informe sobre la situación mundial de la seguridad vial: es hora de pasar a la acción, de 2009, para evaluar la legislación sobre cinco factores de riesgo (control de la velocidad, conducir bajo la influencia del alcohol, uso del casco al conducir motocicletas, uso de cinturones de seguridad y uso de sistemas de retención para niños) en las Américas. Las leyes se clasificaron según su nivel de progresión: la existencia de legislación, si la legislación es adecuada, un nivel de cumplimiento de la ley > 6 (en una escala de 0-10) y si la ley se considera integral. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo. Todos los países tienen legislación nacional o subnacional al menos con respecto a uno de los cinco factores de riesgo; sin embargo, 63% tienen leyes sobre los cinco factores de riesgo estudiados, y ninguno de ellos tiene leyes integrales para los cinco. La legislación sobre uso de cinturones de seguridad parece ser la de mayor cumplimiento, mientras que las leyes de exceso de velocidad parecen ser las que menos se cumplen. En la región hay esfuerzos positivos que deben reconocerse; sin embargo, existen diferentes etapas de progresión. El cumplimiento de la ley sigue siendo el principal tema por abordar. Las leyes deben basarse en datos de eficacia reconocida.