ABSTRACT
Resumo Em Portugal, existe escassez de instrumentos aferidos para avaliar os programas de proteção da infância. Este estudo analisou as características psicométricas das Escalas de Bem-Estar Infantil (EBI), destinadas à avaliação multidimensional de potenciais situações de maltrato e negligência, em 276 famílias em risco psicossocial. Foram também recolhidas medidas de eficácia, satisfação e sintomatologia parental. A análise fatorial exploratória sugere uma estrutura com três fatores, similar à versão original, com boa consistência interna (α entre 0,82 e 0,86) e bons indicadores de ajustamento (GFI = 0,97, RMSR = 0,06). Relativamente à validade de construto, foram encontradas correlações significativas que correspondiam à expectativa teórica. Os resultados sustentam a aplicabilidade das EBI para a avaliação e tomada de decisão nas medidas de proteção da criança.
Abstract There is a lack of validated instruments to evaluate child protection programs in Portugal. The present study analyzed the psychometric characteristics of the Child Well-Being Scales (CWBS), a multidimensional measure of potential situations of abuse and neglect, in 276 families at psychosocial risk. Measures of parental efficiency, satisfaction and parental symptomatology were also collected. Through exploratory factor analysis, a 3-factor solution, similar to the original version was identified, with high levels of internal consistency (α between 0.82-0.86) and good model fit (GFI = 0.97, RMSR = 0.06). Regarding construct validity, significant correlations were found that were in line with theoretical expectation. Our results support the utility of EBI as a guide to the assessment and decision-making regarding child protection measures.
ABSTRACT
Resumen Este estudio presenta un análisis de las necesidades psicosociales de un grupo de escolares españoles que padecen problemas visuales. La investigación utiliza metodología mixta aplicada en una muestra de 26 menores que acuden con sus progenitores a una consulta de oftalmología pediátrica con y sin problemas visuales. Se realizan entrevistas a los niños, adolescentes y/o progenitores sobre las repercusiones de su problema visual en el ámbito educativo, en la realización de actividades de ocio y tiempo libre y en la interacción con sus iguales, además de los sentimientos que les produce su problema visual. A los datos obtenidos se aplican análisis descriptivos, de medias, de varianza y pruebas de independencia entre variables, mediante las pruebas de chi-cuadrado de Pearson (χ²) y de U de Mann-Whitney. Los resultados encontrados indican que el grupo de escolares con problemas visuales graves tienen mayores dificultades que los que no los tienen en el bienestar físico y emocional, en el rendimiento escolar y en la interacción con los otros. Estos resultados sugieren la importancia de programar intervenciones integrales y conjuntas de carácter sanitario y socioeducativo que incidan en la mejora en cada una de las áreas de necesidad.
Abstract This study investigates the psychosocial needs of a group of schoolchildren with visual impairments. Based on a CUAN+CUAL mixed methods, it analyzed 26 children, with and without visual impairment, who attended a pediatric ophthalmology consultation with their parents. Several descriptive, mean and variance tests of independence between variables were performed using Pearson's Chi-square (χ²) and Mann-Whitney U tests. The interviews conducted with the children and/or parents on the impact of their visual impairment on education, leisure activities and peer interaction, as well as the feelings derived from the impairment, underwent discourse analysis. Results show that schoolchildren with severe visual impairments experience greater difficulties regarding physical and emotional well-being, school performance, and peer interaction when compared with those without. These findings suggest the importance of developing comprehensive and joint health and socio-educational interventions to improve these areas.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Quality of Life , Social Work , Students , Underachievement , Vision Disorders , Child Health , Adolescent HealthABSTRACT
Se realizó un estudio transversal para establecer la relación entre el bienestar infantil, bienestar familiar y el clima escolar en niños de una escuela pública de Fundación, Magdalena. El bienestar familiar se cuantificó con la Escala de Bienestar de los Miembros de la familia (FMWB), el bienestar infantil con el Inventario de Bienestar infantil (IBI) y el clima escolar con la Escala de Clima Social Escolar (ECLIS). La asociación entre las variables se estableció con el coeficiente de correlación de Spearman (r). Se contó con la participación de 49 niños en edades entre 9 y 11. Se encontró relación significativa el clima escolar en la subprueba de bullying y el bienestar infantil general (r=-0,30, p=0,03), de correlación significativa entre el clima escolar de profesores y el bienestar infantil en la subprueba de bienestar subjetivo (r =0,40, p=0,04) y en la prueba de clima escolar de compañeros con el bienestar de los miembros de la familia (r=0,32, p=0,02). Se discute la relación entre el clima familiar y el bienestar infantil y familiar desde una perspectiva ecológica, así como la necesidad de reconocer el alcance de estos indicadores en la calidad de las relaciones de los niños y en el futuro cercano.
A cross-sectional study was carried out, which aimed to establish the relationship between child welfare, family welfare and school climate in children of a public school of the Fundacion (Magdalena, Colombia). Family well-being was quantified with the scale Family Members Well-Being Index (FMWB), child welfare with the Child Welfare Inventory (IBI) and school climate with the School Social Climate Scale (ECLIS). The association between the variables was established with the Spearman correlation coefficient (r). The study was attended by 49 children aged between 9 and 11. A significant relationship was found between school climate in the bullying subtest with child welfare (r=-0,30, p=0,03), school climate in the teacher's subtest and the children welfare in the subjective wellbeing subtest (r =0,40, p=0,04) and the school climate and the Family Well-being scale. The ecological perspective and the relationship between family climate, the child well-being and the family well-being is discussed, and the scope of these indicators should be further studied. The quality of children's relationships and in the near future.
Subject(s)
Child WelfareABSTRACT
ResumoEste estudo apresenta uma comparação entre as experiências de famílias de acolhimento de Portugal e Espanha, avaliando-se a sua satisfação com a informação recebida antes do acolhimento; a preparação da criança para o acolhimento; os apoios técnico e financeiro; e a evolução do processo de acolhimento. Pretende-se contribuir para melhorar e promover a medida de acolhimento familiar nos dois países. Os processos de acolhimento familiar dependem de fatores históricos e culturais que produzem diferenças importantes nos diversos contextos internacionais. Assim, foram realizadas entrevistas em duas amostras aleatórias constituídas por 52 famílias de acolhimento em Portugal e 46 na Espanha, cujos resultados foram comparados através de testes estatísticos paramétricos e não paramétricos. Os acolhedores, em ambos os países, mostraram um elevado grau de satisfação com o processo de acolhimento. No entanto, em Portugal, existe maior preocupação com o fraco apoio financeiro, as informações não fornecidas pelos serviços de acolhimento ou a má preparação da criança para o acolhimento. Por fim, são apresentadas sugestões para a melhoria da gestão e implementação desta resposta social. (AU)
AbstractThis study provides a comparison between experiences of Portuguese and Spanish foster families and evaluates their satisfaction with the information received before the host; the preparation of the child for the foster care; the technical and financial support; and the evolution of the foster care process. It aims to contribute to improving implementation and development of this social response in both countries. The foster care processes depend on historical and cultural factors that have significant differences in various international contexts. Thus, two random samples of 52 foster families in Portugal and 46 in Spain were interviewed, and the results were compared using parametric and non parametric statistical tests. The carers, in both countries, show a high degree of satisfaction with the foster care process. However, in Portugal there is greater concern about the poor financial support, information not provided by the foster care services or poor preparation of the child for childcare. Finally, the study presents suggestions for improving the management and implementation of this social response. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Male , Middle Aged , Personal Satisfaction , Caregivers/psychology , Foster Home Care , Child, Foster/psychology , Portugal , Spain , Cross-Sectional StudiesABSTRACT
El bienestar infantil es un tema de interés para aquellos profesionales que creen que el propósito de las políticas públicas va más allá de procurar la riqueza material o de evitar males, como el analfabetismo o la enfermedad, entre los individuos en una sociedad. La importancia de definirlo y medirlo radica en la necesidad de identificar sus determinantes, e idear mecanismos para optimizarlo. Si bien es un tema complejo, incluso desde el punto de vista filosófico, en el mundo se han realizado esfuerzos valiosos por abordarlo desde un punto de vista científico y operativo. El Fondo de las Naciones Unidas para la Infancia es una de las instituciones líderes en la investigación sobre el bienestar en la población menor de edad, particularmente en los llamados "países ricos". En México se ha generado información sobre diversos aspectos del bienestar infantil, aunque existen dominios para los cuales todavía no se cuenta con información suficiente para permitir la comparación con otros países.
Child well-being is an interesting topic to all those professionals who believe that the purpose of public policies goes beyond the mere pursuit of the material wealth or the avoidance of harms such as illiteracy and disease among individuals in the society. It is important to define it and to measure it in order to identify its determinants and to plan mechanisms to optimize it. Although it is a complex issue, even from the philosophical point of view, there have been worldwide valuable efforts to approach it from a scientific and operational perspective. The United Nations Children's Fund is one of the pioneer institutions in child wellbeing research, especially in the so called "rich countries". In Mexico, information has been generated regarding some issues concerning children well-being, however there are some dimensions for which there is not yet enough information to allow comparison with other countries.
ABSTRACT
É reconhecida a alta prevalência da deficiência de ferro na população, mas ainda não existem estudos suficientes que expliquem os motivos deste problema em nível local e nacional. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a prevalência de anemia e sua relação com aspectos sociodemográficos e antropométricos de crianças residentes no município de Vitória, ES. Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado com indivíduos de 12 a 72 meses, cujos dados foram coletados em Unidades Básicas de Saúde e envolveu a dosagem de hemoglobina, aferição de peso e estatura, além de aplicação, aos responsáveis legais, de questionário semiestruturado com informações sociodemográficas. Foram avaliadas 980 crianças, 51,1% do sexo feminino e mediana de idade de 46,00 (IC95%: 45,52-48,09) meses. Constatou-se 37% de anemia, sendo 11,4 (IC95%: 11,15-11,36) g/dL o valor mediano de hemoglobina. A estatura/idade da criança (p = 0,049) e o número de pessoas na família (p < 0,001) apresentaram-se como determinantes da anemia, e a idade como fator protetor desta carência (p = 0,010). A elevada prevalência de anemia e sua forte relação com dados sociodemográficos e antropométricos sugerem a necessidade de políticas públicas mais efetivas do que apenas a fortificação e a suplementação de alimentos.
The high prevalence of iron deficiency in the population is widely acknowledged, but there are not yet sufficient studies that explain the reasons for this problem at local and national level. Thus, the scope of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of anemia and its relation with socio-demographic and anthropometric aspects of children living in Vitoria, Espírito Santo. This is a cross-sectional study conducted among 12- to 72-month-old children. Data were collected in Primary Healthcare Units and involved the hemoglobin dosage, height and weight measurement, in addition to the application of a semi-structured questionnaire to gather socio-demographic information. The evaluation included 980 children, 51.1% of which were female with a median age of 46.00 (95%CI: 45.52 - 48.09) months. Anemia was found in 37%, with a hemoglobin median of 11.4 (95%CI: 11.15 - 11.36) g/dL. The children's' height/age ratio (p = 0.049) and the number of people in the family (p < 0.001) were found to be determinants of anemia, and age was a factor of protection for this deficiency (p = 0.010). The high prevalence of anemia and its strong relation with demographic and anthropometric data suggest the need for more effective public policies than just food fortification and supplementation.