ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#In this study, the combined effect of two stressors, namely, electromagnetic fields (EMFs) from mobile phones and fructose consumption, on hypothalamic and hepatic master metabolic regulators of the AMPK/SIRT1-UCP2/FOXO1 pathway were elucidated to delineate the underlying molecular mechanisms of insulin resistance.@*METHODS@#Weaned Wistar rats (28 days old) were divided into 4 groups: Normal, Exposure Only (ExpO), Fructose Only (FruO), and Exposure and Fructose (EF). Each group was provided standard laboratory chow ad libitum for 8 weeks . Additionally, the control groups, namely, the Normal and FruO groups, had unrestricted access to drinking water and fructose solution (15%), respectively. Furthermore, the respective treatment groups, namely, the ExpO and EF groups, received EMF exposure (1,760 MHz, 2 h/day x 8 weeks). In early adulthood, mitochondrial function, insulin receptor signaling, and oxidative stress signals in hypothalamic and hepatic tissues were assessed using western blotting and biochemical analysis.@*RESULT@#In the hypothalamic tissue of EF, SIRT1, FOXO 1, p-PI3K, p-AKT, Complex III, UCP2, MnSOD, and catalase expressions and OXPHOS and GSH activities were significantly decreased ( P < 0.05) compared to the Normal, ExpO, and FruO groups. In hepatic tissue of EF, the p-AMPKα, SIRT1, FOXO1, IRS1, p-PI3K, Complex I, II, III, IV, V, UCP2, and MnSOD expressions and the activity of OXPHOS, SOD, catalase, and GSH were significantly reduced compared to the Normal group ( P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The findings suggest that the combination of EMF exposure and fructose consumption during childhood and adolescence in Wistar rats disrupts the closely interlinked and multi-regulated crosstalk of insulin receptor signals, mitochondrial OXPHOS, and the antioxidant defense system in the hypothalamus and liver.
Subject(s)
Humans , Rats , Animals , Adult , Rats, Wistar , Fructose/metabolism , Catalase , Receptor, Insulin/metabolism , AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism , Electromagnetic Fields/adverse effects , Sirtuin 1/metabolism , Cell Phone , Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism , Forkhead Box Protein O1/metabolism , Uncoupling Protein 2ABSTRACT
El trabajo presenta aspectos que permiten la conceptualización del enfoque del Derecho para el abordaje de la niñez y la adolescencia en el contexto chileno. A través del análisis de la evidencia existente en la literatura, se tratan aspectos bio-psico-sociales y legales que admiten la validación del niño como sujeto de derecho. Se hace especial hincapié en el análisis de los principios rectores de la Convención sobre los Derechos del Niño para la preparación hacia los próximos desafíos en el trabajo con niños y adolescentes.
This paper presents aspects that allow the conceptualization of the rights-based approach to childhood and adolescence in the Chilean context. Through the analysis of existing evidence in the literature, the bio-psycho-social and legal aspects that support the validation of children as subjects of law are dealt with. Special emphasis is given to the analysis of the guiding principles of the UNICEF´s Convention on the Rights of the Child in preparation for the forthcoming challenges in the work with children and adolescents in Chile.
ABSTRACT
A efectos de explorar la relación entre rendimiento intelectual y nivel educativo materno, en el presente estudio piloto se analizan 50 díadas madre-hijo. El rendimiento cognitivo de los menores se evaluó a través de la Escala de Inteligencia para Niños de Wechsler -cuarta edición (WISCIV) en su adaptación argentina, y los años de educación materna a partir de un cuestionario sociodemográfico. Los resultados indicaron correlaciones significativas entre las dos variables evaluadas. De este modo, se constata la relevancia de la educación materna como predictor del rendimiento en el WISC-IV. Las conclusiones ratifican la necesidad de reconocer los factores socio-ambientales que rodean al sujeto para desarrollar una interpretación más completa de la producción registrada en el test.
This research paper aims to explore the relationship between intellectual performance and maternal educational level. 50 mother-child couples were sampled. To assess the children's cognitive performance, the Wechsler (4th edition (WISC-IV) scale and a demographic questionnaire of maternal education were used. The results showed significant correlations between the two variables. Consequently, maternal education as relevant performance predictor in WISC-IV scale is confirmed. The conclusions also prove the need to recognize socio-environmental factors around this subject to develop a more comprehensive interpretation related to the test results.
ABSTRACT
Esta pesquisa aborda a relação de interdependência entre experiências sociais na escola e a transição da infância à adolescência de crianças de contexto urbano. Analisa as mudanças psicológicas e de significados que acompanham tal transição. Parte de uma perspectiva teórico-metodológica histórico-cultural, na qual a escola configura importante contexto de desenvolvimento do sujeito, em especial, nos primeiros anos de vida. Foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa envolvendo entrevistas individuais com crianças e adolescentes de 10 a 14 anos, mediadas por gravuras. As narrativas de entrevista revelaram que as experiências do brincar e as mudanças nos relacionamentos sociais na escola são fonte significativa de sentidos pessoais que marcam a transição infância-adolescência. Além disso, mudanças de interesse e atividades revelam que a transição não se resume às mudanças corporais, mas compreende a síntese complexa de elementos das experiências infantis e da adolescência, mediada por valores culturais.
This research approaches the interdependence between social experience in school and the transition from childhood to adolescence within children in the urban context. The study analyses semiotic and psychological changes related to such transition. It stems from a cultural-historical theoretical and methodological perspective, according to which the school is considered as an important developmental context for the subject, especially along ones first years of life. A qualitative investigation was conducted, including picture-mediated interviews with children and adolescents from10 to 14. Interviews revealed that the experience with playing and the transformations over social relationships within school are important sources of personal meanings along childhood-to-adolescence transition. In addition, changes in child´s activities and fields of interests evidentiate that the transition should not be solely attributed to bodily transformation. The phenomena involve the complex syntesis of elements children and adolescent experience mediated by cultural values.