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@#Introduction: Food insecurity is a public health concern that may lead to malnutrition in children. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between demographic characteristics and food security level with nutritional status among children from food-insecure households in Simunjan District, Sarawak. Methods: This study involved a total of 171 mother-and-child pairs from two Maternal and Child Health Clinics (Simunjan and Gedong) using non-probability convenience sampling technique. Food insecurity status was determined using Radimer/Cornell Hunger Food Insecurity Instrument, while child’s weight and height were measured following standard procedures. Chi-squared test of independence and binary logistic regression were used during data analysis. Results: The prevalences for household food insecurity, individual food insecurity, and child hunger were 70.8%, 15.2%, and 14.0%, respectively. The main nutritional problems for children aged 24–59 months were underweight (17.9%) and stunting (17.9%), while for children aged 60–144 months were overweight and obesity (27.5%). Children of mothers over 34 years old (AOR=2.367; 95% CI: 1.085, 5.164), and those aged 60–144 months (AOR=3.619; 95% CI: 1.521, 8.613) had increased odds of being overweight or obese. Meanwhile, children of working mothers (AOR=6.526; 95% CI: 1.108, 38.449) were more likely to have a thinness problem than children of unemployed mothers. However, no association was found between the severity of food insecurity with children’s nutritional status. Conclusion: Malnutrition in children remains a public health concern in Simunjan District, and it is linked to mother’s age and employment status. An intervention programme is required to ameliorate the situation.
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Este artigo tem como objetivo avaliar o estado nutricional em relação à presença de cáries dentárias em crianças de 4 a 6 anos de idade, do município de Cajamar, São Paulo. Trata-se de estudo transversal com crianças entre 4 a 6 anos (n=1642), acompanhadas pelo Programa Saúde na Escola (PSE) do Município de Cajamar, São Paulo. A classificação do estado nutricional foi baseada no Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) e a avaliação das condições bucais, por meio do índice ceo-d e critério para Risco de Cárie. A análise do estado nutricional, faixa etária e sexo conforme o número de cáries, foi feita por meio dos testes Mann-Whitney U e Kruskal-Wallis (p<0,05). Observou-se maior prevalência de meninos entre 4 a 6 anos. Em todas as faixas etárias a prevalência de excesso de peso foi de aproximadamente 30% e eutrofia em torno de 70%. 65% (n=1068) das crianças não apresentavam risco de cárie (A) e 28,8% (n=475), alto risco (D, E e F). Das 1162 crianças sem cáries, 0,2% eram magras (n=2), 67,2% (n=781) eutróficas e 32,7% (n=380) possuíam excesso de peso. A frequência de 1 a 5 cáries maior entre meninas e de 6 ou mais cáries, entre meninos. Segundo estado nutricional, o número médio do número de cáries foi de 2,17 para magreza, 0,93 para eutrofia e 0,65 para excesso de peso (p<0,010). Conclui-se que houve diferença entre número cáries e estado nutricional, na qual crianças com déficit nutricional apresentavam maior número de cáries dentárias comparadas às eutróficas ou com excesso de peso, sugerindo-se a inclusão do estado nutricional na avaliação odontológica.
This article aims at evaluating the nutritional status in relation to the presence of dental caries in children aged 4 to 6 years in the city of Cajamar, in the state of São Paulo. It is a cross-sectional study with children aged 4 to 6 years (n=1642) accompanied by the School Health Program of the City of Cajamar, São Paulo. The nutritional status classification was based on the Body Mass Index (BMI) and the evaluation of oral conditions, through the ceo-d index, and criteria for risk for caries. The analysis of the nutritional status, age, and sex according to the number of caries was made through the Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests (p<0.05). A higher prevalence was observed among boys aged 4 to 6 years. In all age groups, there was a prevalence of 30% of overweight children, and eutrophy of approximately 70%. A total of 65% (n=1068) of the children presented no risk of caries (A), whereas 28.8% (n=475) showed high risk (D, E, and F). Among the 1162 children with no caries, 0.2% were thin (n=2); 67.2% (n=781) eutrophic; and 32.7% (n=380) were overweight. Girls presented a higher frequency of 1 to 5 caries while boys presented frequency of having 6 or more caries. According to the nutritional status, the average number of caries was 2.17 for thin individuals; 0.93 for eutrophic individuals; and 0.65 for overweight individuals (p<0.010). It could be concluded that there was a difference between the number of caries and the nutritional status, in which children with nutritional deficit presented a higher number of dental caries when compared to eutrophic or overweight ones, suggesting the inclusion of the nutritional status in the dental evaluation.
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Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Nutrition Assessment , Dental Caries/diagnosis , Thinness , Nutrition Programs/organization & administration , Body Mass Index , Public Health/education , Protein-Energy Malnutrition/diagnosis , Dentistry , Overweight , Pediatric Obesity , Diet, HealthyABSTRACT
Background: The pre-school age group (2-5 years) was evaluated for nutritional status at Teetardi village near Geetanjali hospital Udaipur. Objectives: To study the nutritional status in pre-school children. Methods: Cross sectional study carried out during February 2014 to June 2014 with 300 children at Teetardi village near Geetanjali hospital Udaipur. Body weight, height recorded with age, gender and also interviewing the mother. Results: The age and sex distribution of 300 children in present study was 52% males and 48% females. The nutritional status in the children was determined as per World Health Organization child growth standards. Result reveals that out of total male children 4.5% were severely stunted and out of total female children 4.2% were severely stunted. Out of total 10.3% of male children and 11.1% of female children were found stunted. Whereas out of total children 3.2% of male children and 4.9% of female children were severely wasted. Out of total children 10.9% of male children and 12.5% of female children were found wasted. Also 7.1% of male children and 5.5% of female children were overweight also found that 1.9% of male children and 0.7% of female children are obese. Conclusions: There is necessity of more education in reference to nutrition and dietary habits including proper antenatal care and postnatal care of mother to reduce the prevalence of nutrition related abnormalities in children.
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The objective of this study was to assess the delivery of fruits with nutrition education in rural schools measuring its impact on food knowledge, food consumption and children nutritional status. A longitudinal quasi-experimental study of one year was carried out in an experimental group with delivery of fruits plus nutrition education, compared with a control group. Subjects were 784 school children (preschool to 8th grade) in 5 basic schools in María Pinto and 192 in the control group in Curacaví. Nutritional status, food knowledge, food consumption, the amount of fruit distributed and customer satisfaction were evaluated. Results showed that 85% of preschool to 2nd grade and 68.2% 3th to 8th grade children reported to consume fruit as a snack at least 3 times perweek. In children from 3th to 8th grade dairy consumption (more than 2 times per day) increased from 62% to 74%, respectively (p<0.01). Consumption of fruit more than 2 times per day increased to 34.9%, and legumes intake more than twice per week increased 37.7% to 51.7% (p<0.0001). In preschool from 57.6% to 76.2% and vegetables consumption more than 2 times per day increased from 26.8% to 2nd grade children there was a significant increase in healthy food knowledge in the period of the intervention (p<0.0001), while in children from 3th to 8th grade there was a significant improvement in consumption of fish and dairy food (p<0.0001). In the control group there were no changes either in food knowledge or in fruit consumption, and no changes in nutritional status were observed in both groups. In conclusion, the success of the program resides in the improvement of food knowledge and fruit consumption as a protective factor. To achieve an impact in nutritional status is necessary the long-term continuity of the program.
El objetivo de la presente investigación fue evaluar la entrega de fruta, con educación nutricional en escuelas básicas rurales midiendo su impacto en conocimiento, consumo y estado nutricional de los niños. Para ello se realizó un estudio cuasi-experimental, de seguimiento longitudinal de un año de duración en niños intervenidos con educación nutricional y entrega de frutas, comparados con un grupo control. La muestra fue de 784 niños de prekinder a 8° básico de 5 escuelas de María Pinto y 192 de una escuela control en Curacaví. Se evaluó el estado nutricional, consumo de alimentos seleccionados, conocimientos sobre alimentación saludable y consumo de la fruta entregada y satisfacción de usuarios. Resultados: el 85% de los niños de prekinder a 2° básico y el 68,2% de 3° a 8° básico reportaron consumir fruta de colación 3 días a la semana. En niños de 3° a 8° básico aumentó el consumo en 2 o más porciones al día de lácteos, de 62% a 74% (p<0,01). El consumo diario de 2 o más frutas aumentó de 57,6% a 76,2% y de 2 o más porciones de verduras de 26,8% a 34,9% y las legumbres 2 o más veces por semana aumentaron de 37,7% a 51,7% (p<0,0001). Hubo un aumento significativo en el conocimiento de una alimentación saludable entre el inicio y final (p<0,0001) en niños de prekinder a 2° básico; en los de 3° a 8° básico el cambio fue significativo en pescados y lácteos (p<0,0001). El grupo control no presentó cambios en el conocimiento ni consumo (p>0,1). No hubo cambios significativos en el estado nutricional del grupo intervenido ni del control. Se concluye que el programa fue exitoso ya que se cumplió el propósito de aumentar el conocimiento y consumo de fruta como un factor protector de la salud y que para lograr impacto en el estado nutricional se requiere darle continuidad en el tiempo.
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Child , Nutrition Programs and Policies , School Feeding , Food and Nutrition Education , Child , Nutritional Status , Diet, Healthy , FruitABSTRACT
The purposes of the study were to analyze nutritional status, psychosocial stimulation, and factors affecting the cognitive development of preschool-age children. This study was conducted in the Village of Babakan, Sub-District of Dramaga, Bogor Regency, West Java. This cross-sectionally designed study was conducted with mothers who had preschool children aged 3-5 years as respondents. Fifty-eight children were included. The distribution of mother's educational level was quite diverse, and the largest percentage (44.8%) had senior high school education. Approximately 78% of the family income per capita was classified into the non-poor category and 22.4% into the poor category. The average mother's nutritional knowledge score was 76.7 +/- 2.5 (moderate category). Most of the preschool children (84.4%) had psychosocial stimulation scores in the moderate category (30-45). The nutritional status of children showed that 15.5% were underweight, 5.2% were wasted, 3.4% were severely wasted, and 19% of the children were in the short and very short categories (stunted). The stepwise regression results showed that psychosocial stimulation (P < 0.001), participation in early childhood education (P = 0.002) and nutritional status based on the height index for age (P = 0.028) had a positive and significant effect on cognitive development of the preschool children (adjusted R2, 0.434; P = 0.028).
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Aged , Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Surveys and Questionnaires , Indonesia , Mothers , Nutritional Status , ThinnessABSTRACT
A final impact evaluation of “Quang Binh – GTZ- Intergrated Food Security Project” (1996-2001) on 360 households, 671 children under five and 360 mothers with under five children at 12 project communes belonging to Tuyen Hoa and Minh Hoa district has been conducted. The results showed that: child malnutrition prevalence has been reduced: underweight was signficant lower than that in 1996. Wasting was 5.9% in Tuyen Hoa, 3.7 % in Minh Hoa. Stunting was still very high, 50.% in Tuyen Hoa, 58.3% in Minh Hoa, not different from that in 1996, higher than national data 2001 (35.0%). Lower Birth Weight (LBM) rate was 5.3%. The CED of mothers with under five children in Tuyen Hoa was 16% and in Minh Hoa 21%, significant lower than those in 1996 (37.8% and 27.2%)