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El estilo de autoridad de los padres es un factor relevante a investigar cuando existe obesidad infantil. Por tanto, un primer objetivo de este estudio fue describir las características de los estilos parentales (EP) que utilizan madres de niños con obesidad vs. madres de niños con normopeso; y el segundo fue comparar los EP intragrupo, según escolaridad, ocupación y condición de pareja de la madre. Participaron 58 madres, con hijos de entre dos y ocho años de edad, divididas en dos grupos, de acuerdo con la condición de peso corporal de sus hijos: obesidad vs. normopeso. Las participantes completaron una versión adaptada y validada para población mexicana del Cuestionario de Dimensiones y Estilos Parentales. No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los grupos en cuanto a los EP; sin embargo, las madres de niños con normopeso que viven con su pareja y permanecen en el hogar utilizan con mayor frecuencia el estilo autoritativo. Las comparaciones según el nivel educativo no arrojaron diferencias significativas en la frecuencia de utilización de los EP evaluados. Se discuten, por un lado, el papel que juega la cultura como determinante de los EP, y, por otro lado, la capacidad analítica de las categorías de EP evaluados.
The authority style of parents is an important factor to investigate in children with obesity. Therefore the first objective of this study was to describe parenting style (PS) features of mothers with children diagnosed with obesity vs. mothers with normal weight children. The second objective was to compare PS intergroup by educational level, occupation and marital status. A total of 58 mothers with their children aged among two to eight years were divided into two groups according to their children's bodyweight condition: obesity vs. normal weight. Participants completed the Parental Styles Dimensions Questionnaire, this instrument was adapted and validated for Mexican population. Non-statistical differences between groups were found in PS; however mothers of children with normal weight who live with their partner and are housewives use more often the authoritative style. Comparisons between educational level were non statistical different in the frequency of any on the PS assessed. It is discussed, on the one hand, the role of culture as determinant of PS, and on the other hand, the analytical capacity of the categories of all PS evaluated.
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PURPOSE: Obesogenic environments in children, in particular excessive intake of sodium, generate hypertension, which is a major risk factor for chronic diseases. METHODS: In all, 725 children, 379 boys and 373 girls, aged 8∼9 years were recruited from seven elementary schools in Kuro-ku, Seoul. To evaluate whether or not obesity risk was modulated by salt-sensitive genes, Solute Carrier Familiy 12 member 3 (SLC12A3) was used as the target. After children were assigned into obese (BMI > 85 percentile) or non-obese groups, anthropometry, blood biochemistry, and dietary intakes were measured according to the genotypes GG (wild) or GA+AA (hetero+mutant). RESULTS: Without gender differences, high TG and low HDLc were detected in the obese group compared to the non-obese group. Regardless of obesity, weight gain and blood pressure (BP) increased in the SLC12A3 GA+AA genotype rather than in the GG type. HDLc was associated with obesity risk without genotype difference. Odd ratios for risk of obesity were 15.57 (95% CI 2.192∼110.654), 22.84 (95% CI 1.565∼333.469), and 9.32 (95%CI 1.262∼68.817) in boys and girls with GA+AA genotypes as sodium intake increased above 4,000 mg/day. Dietary calcium, sodium, folate, and vit C were associated with obesity risk according to gender or genotype differences. Since high folate intake reduced obesity risk in only boys with GG type. Risk for overweight and obesity increased in boys with GA+AA genotypes and dietary habits with high sodium and cholesterol and low folate. CONCLUSION: The A allele of SLC12A3 rs11643718 was sensitive to development of obesity in children as sodium intake increased.
Subject(s)
Child , Female , Humans , Alleles , Anthropometry , Biochemistry , Blood Pressure , Calcium, Dietary , Cholesterol , Chronic Disease , Folic Acid , Feeding Behavior , Genotype , Hypertension , Obesity , Overweight , Pediatric Obesity , Risk Factors , Seoul , Sodium , Weight GainABSTRACT
Childhood obesity is a serious health issue that has both immediate and long-term effects on health and well-being. Although obesity affects both children and adults, but childhood obesity is more serious than obesity in adults. The objective of current study was to depict the trend of publication entitled pediatric obesity indexed in the database of Scopus during years 2001-2015. A bibliometrics study was conducted to plot the development of scientific activities in the field of Pediatric obesity. Database of Scopus which covers 100 % of MEDLINE was used to extract all papers entitled pediatric obesity for a period of 15 years. Extraction of papers was restricted into papers entitled "pediatric obesity" from the Search Builder pull-down menu in the advanced search screen, this causes to obtain the articles that their major topics are in the desired subject area. Analysis of data showed that a total number of 663 papers entitled pediatric obesity indexed in scopus during the period of study. The results of study specified the investigation of pediatric obesity in 18 subject areas; the subject area of psychology seems to be in the inferior concern of scientists. Regarding the important influence of socio-psycho-genetic aspects on the pediatric obesity, these issues of study should be taken under consideration by policy-makers and nutritional scientists.
La obesidad en la infancia constituye un serio problema de salud, que tiene efectos tanto inmediatos como a largo plazo sobre la salud y el bienestar. A pesar de que la obesidad afecta tanto a niños como a adultos, en la niñez es más seria que en los adultos. El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer la tendencia de las publicaciones tituladas obesidad pediátrica indexadas en la base de datos de Scopus durante los años 2001-2015. Se realizó un estudio bibliométrico para conocer el desarrollo de las actividades científicas en el campo de la obesidad pediátrica. La base de datos de Scopus, la cual cubre el 100 % en MEDLINE, fue utilizada para extraer todos los trabajos titulados obesidad pediátrica en un período de 15 años. La búsqueda estuvo restringida a los trabajos titulados "obesidad pediátrica", en la pantalla de búsqueda avanzada, para obtener los artículos cuyos temas se encontraban en el área deseada. El análisis de los datos mostró que un total de 663 trabajos titulados obesidad pediátrica fueron indexados en Scopus durante el período de estudio. Los resultados de la investigación sobre este tema se obtuvieron en 18 áreas, en las que la Psicología mostró una preocupación inferior entre los científicos. Con respecto a la importante influencia de los aspectos socio-psico-genéticos relacionados con la obesidad pediátrica, estos deben ser tomados en consideración por los responsables de la política y por los científicos especializados en nutrición.
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PURPOSE: We investigated the potential interaction between the G-protein beta-3 subunit gene (GNB3) C825T polymorphism, a risk factor for chronic disease in various ethnicities, and obesogenic environments in overweight/obese Korean children. METHODS: The present study was conducted as a cross-sectional study using measures of anthropometry, blood pressure (BP), and fasting blood samples as well as 3-day food records. Subjects were recruited from seven elementary schools in an urban district in Seoul, South Korea, between 2007 and 2008. A total of 1,260 children aged 8-9 years were recruited in the study, including 633 boys (50.3%) and 627 girls (49.7%). RESULTS: The allele frequencies of the GNB3 polymorphism were C allele = 49.7% and T allele = 50.3% in subjects. In general, boys with T allele had higher BMI, systolic BP (SBP), and triglycerides, although their energy intake was not significantly different from boys with C allele. In contrast to boys, girls with T allele had lower BMI but higher SBP and energy intake than those with C allele. The girls with T allele had a significantly lower BMI and waist circumference in both the normal weight group and obese group (OB). T allele carriers in both genders had significantly higher TC than C allele carriers in the OB group. At last, girls with T allele in OB appeared to have significantly lower HOMA-IR than those with C allele. CONCLUSION: Unlike higher risk for negative health outcomes by the GNB3 polymorphism in various ethnicities, GNB3 polymorphism did not influence obesogenic environments in overweight/obese Korean children.
Subject(s)
Child , Female , Humans , Alleles , Anthropometry , Blood Pressure , Chronic Disease , Cross-Sectional Studies , Energy Intake , Fasting , Gene Frequency , GTP-Binding Proteins , Korea , Risk Factors , Seoul , Triglycerides , Waist CircumferenceABSTRACT
PREGUNTA DE INVESTIGACIÓN: ¿cuáles son los conocimientos y prácticas de alimentación, nutrición y cuidado de madres y/o cuidadores y su asociación con sobrepeso y obesidad en niños menores de 23 meses que viven en municipios rurales de altura en Bolivia? OBJETIVO GENERAL: determinar las características de cuidado y prácticas alimentarias de niños menores de 23 meses de edad con sobrepeso y obesidad que viven en municipios rurales productores de papa que participan en el proyecto Ios Andes en Bolivia, datos de línea de base, desde septiembre a noviembre de la gestión 2012. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: es un estudio descriptivo transversal y analítico. Se estudiaron todos los niños de 0 a 23 meses (290) considerados en la línea de base del Proyecto Ios Andes realizado en Bolivia, también en Ecuador y Perú, cuyo tamaño muestral fue de 450 niños distribuidos en 75 comunidades rurales de la región andina de Bolivia. Se aplicaron encuestas sobre prácticas y conocimientos de alimentación y cuidado infantil a madres y/o cuidadores y se tomaron medidas de peso y talla a sus niños menores de dos años durante los meses de septiembre a noviembre del 2012. En una sub-muestra se realizó un recordatorio de 24 horas con pesada de alimentos para determinar consumo y adecuación de alimentos y nutrientes de los niños menores. Los datos fueron analizados en relación al indicador peso para talla en los puntos de corte que indican sobrepeso y obesidad. RESULTADOS: el porcentaje de sobrepeso y obesidad encontrada fue de 10% más elevado que la media nacional; no se encontraron asociaciones relevantes de conocimientos, practicas alimentarias y adecuación de nutrientes. CONCLUSIONES: se resalta la presencia de obesidad en edades tempranas en zonas rurales con vulnerabilidad a la inseguridad alimentaria, recomendando el desarrollo de investigaciones específicas para identificar determinantes de esta condición.
RESEARCH QUESTION: wich are the understanding and practices of feeding, nutrition and caring mothers and/or nursemaids and their association with overweight and obesity in children under two years of age living in Bolivian rural municipalities ofhigh altitude? OBJECTIVE: To determine knowledge and feeding and child care of mothers or care givers and the association with overweight and obesity in children under two years of age living in Bolivian rural municipalities of high altitude METHODOLOGY: It is a descriptive cross-sectional study. All children under 2 years old (290) of a baseline line survey of the Andes Project were included, the whole survey sample was of 450 children under three years of age living in 75 communities of rural communities in the Bolivian Andean region. Anthropometric measures of children under two years were collected and feeding and care knowledge and practices of their mothers or caregivers. The survey was done during September to November 2012. In a sub sample a 24 hour dietary recall was taken weighing all food mentioned. For the analysis, weight to height Z score with the cut off points related to overweight and obesity was considered. RESULTS: The study found 10% of overweight and obesity, which is above the media in the country. None of knowledge, practices or nutrition adequacy was found relevant for obesity. CONCLUSIONS: Presence of obesity early in life time was found. It is recommendable to develop survey focused on obesity to find out characteristics that could cause this condition.
Subject(s)
Pediatric Obesity , Food , OverweightABSTRACT
Objective: To collect evidence on the exposure, awareness and effct of ‘junk food’ advertising and sponsorship upon children and adolescents in Fiji. Method: A questionnaire was developed and used with a sample 88 primary school students and 103 secondary school students in Suva, Fiji and included questions about participants’ food preferences, nutritional knowledge and advert recall ability. Two free-to-air television channels were recorded for two weekdays and two weekend days from 6am-9pm, and the content analysed for advertised content. The amount of street advertisements in three defied localities was assessed. Sponsorship of events by ‘junk food’ products was assessed over the preceding twelve month period. Results: School children were able to identify multiple food products they had seen advertised. 94% reported that seeing adverts makes them want to try products. Seventy one percent had asked others to buy advertised products for them. There was evidence that food advertising contributed to incorrect nutrition beliefs. Levels of street and television advertising for ‘junk foods’ were high. Fourteen events sponsored by ‘junk food’ products were found to have taken place within one year of the investigation. Conclusions: Children in Suva remember but misunderstand the nutritional value of advertised ‘junk foods’. Their diets are altered detrimentally as a result. Implications: There is a need for a regulatory approach to limit ‘junk food’ advertising in Fiji.
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A prevalência da obesidade tem crescido de forma significativa nos últimos anos transformando-se em um grave problema de Saúde Pública. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a prevalência do excesso de peso em um grupo de crianças de seis a dez anos da rede pública de ensino da cidade de Formiga - MG, e comparar o desempenho físico das crianças com sobrepeso e obesidade, com o das crianças eutróficas. A pesquisa envolveu 357 estudantes, em três escolas da rede pública de ensino da cidade. Foram avaliadas a flexibilidade, a força explosiva, a velocidade, o peso corporal e a altura. De acordo com os dados obtidos 76,19% dos alunos foram classificados como eutróficos, 11,48% como obesos, 6,44% como sobrepeso, 2,8% como desnutridos e 3,08% em risco de desnutrição. Os resultados dos testes de flexibilidade, força explosiva e velocidade mostraram que as crianças com sobrepeso e obesidade apresentaram desempenho inferior em relação às crianças eutróficas.
The prevalence of obesity has significantly grown in the recent years, becoming a serious Public Health issue. The aim of the present study was to analyze the prevalence of overweight and obesity in children aged six to ten years in public schools in the municipality of Formiga, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, checking whether excessive weight interferes with physical performance, comparing obese children to eutrophic ones. The research was developed in three public schools, with a sample of 357 students. Tests were performed to evaluate flexibility, explosive strength, speed, corporal weight and height. The study classified 76.19% children as eutrophic, 11.48% as obese, 6.44% as overweight, 2.8% as underweight and 3.08% at risk of being underweight. The results of flexibility, explosive strength and speed tests indicated that overweight and obese children have poorer performance when compared with eutrophic ones.
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A food and nutrition education intervention was implemented in nine public schools in Peñalolen, Chile, with one control school. The objective was to determine the trend in obesity prevalence and in food knowledge and food consumption in preschool and school-age children followed longitudinally in the first year of intervention, compared with the control school. The sample included 1556pre-school, first and second grade (1225 children in experimental schools and 331 in the control school) followed during one school year. Nutrition education activities were performed with teachers and students, and the evaluation of nutritional status was carried out in two points, March-April and October-November 2010. There was also one measurement of snack consumption in pre-school children and a food and nutrition survey in school age children at the beginning and at the end of the year. Results showed that there was no change in overweight and obesity in the intervened school-age children, and a small increase in the control school. However, analyzing nutritional status by school, in seven of the nine experimental schools there was a decrease in obesity. A high percentage ofpreschool children carried soft drinks and juices to school. In school age children there was a significant increase in fruit and dairy consumption during the year. School age children had a good knowledge offruits and dairy food, but not offish and legumes. Despite the short period of food and nutrition intervention, this study shows that interventions implemented in a structured way with an evaluation can have a positive impact on changing eating habits and improving the nutritional status of municipal preschool and school children.
Se plantea una intervención en educación alimentaria y nutricional en nueve escuelas de la comuna de Peñalolén, con una escuela control. El objetivo es evaluar los cambios en el estado nutricional, conocimiento y consumo de alimentos de los niños de prebá-sica y básica durante el primer año de la intervención, comparados con el colegio control. Es un estudio cuasi-experimental, de seguimiento longitudinal en 1556 niños de prekinder, kínder, primero y segundo básico (1225 niños de las escuelas intervenidas y 331 de la escuela control) seguidos durante un año escolar. Se realizaron actividades educativas con profesores y alumnos y la evaluación consistió en una medición de su estado nutricional en marzo-abril y octubre-noviembre del año 2010; una medición de las colaciones en los niños de prekinder y kínder, con una encuesta alimentaria a los de primero y segundo básico. Los resultados mostraron que no hubo cambio en el estado nutricional en el total de los niños intervenidos, aumentando levemente el sobrepeso y obesidad en el colegio control. Sin embargo, al hacer el análisis por colegio, en siete de los nueve colegios intervenidos disminuyó la obesidad. En cuanto a consumo, un alto porcentaje de niños de prebásica llevaban jugos y bebidas en las colaciones y en los niños de básica se produjo un incremento significativo del consumo de frutas y lácteos durante el año. En conocimiento, los niños de primero y segundo básico tuvieron una buena comprensión en frutas y lácteos, no así para el pescado y legumbres. A pesar del corto período de intervención, este estudio permite señalar que cuando las intervenciones en alimentación y nutrición se realizan en forma estructurada y son evaluadas, pueden tener un impacto positivo en el cambio de hábitos alimentarios y en la disminución de la obesidad en preescolares y escolares de escuelas municipales.
Subject(s)
Food and Nutrition Education , Eating , Child , Child, Preschool , Nutritional Status , Pediatric Obesity/prevention & control , ChileABSTRACT
Os níveis de obesidade infantil são alarmantes e, para que estes sejam controlados, é necessária uma ação conjunta de pais, profissionais da área de saúde e também da escola. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade nutricional dos alimentos vendidos nas lanchonetes de escolas públicas e particulares, a fim de promover uma modificação dos hábitos alimentares tornando-os mais saudáveis. Os resultados obtidos permitiram concluir que as lanchonetes escolares comercializam alimentos não saudáveis e que a retirada de tais alimentos pode constituir um novo caminho para tornar as crianças mais saudáveis e sem risco de apresentarem obesidade no futuro. Verificou-se que, de acordo com o critério utilizado, 85% das escolas particulares e 100% das escolas públicas apresentavam uma alimentação de baixa qualidade nutricional. Também foram abordadas questões sobre propagandas de alimentos comercializados, ambulantes nos arredores das escolas e a importância da atuação do profissional de nutrição nas mesmas.
The levels of children obesity are alarming and to be controlled them, its necessary parents, healthy professionals and school action. This research had objective to value the nutritional quality of foods sold in publics and privateschools' snack bar to take a change on food habits and become them healthier. The results allowed conclude that schools snack bar marketed no healthy foods and, a restriction of these foods can take to a best way to become healthier children without risks of obesity in the future. lt was verified, according with used criterion; 85 percentof private schools and 100 percent of public schools showed a low nutritional quality food. Questions about foodadvertising that are market, walking around schools and the importance of Nutritional professional on this area,were boarded too.
Subject(s)
Male , Female , Humans , Child , Adolescent , School Feeding , Students , Obesity , Brazil , Legislation, Food , Consumer Product SafetyABSTRACT
The study compared eating and physical activity related behaviors and self-esteem between healthy weight and obese children by presenting 175 primary school students in Busan City and Gyeongsang province with a self-reported questionnaire and Coopersmith's self-esteem inventory. The questionnaire was composed of 25 items, weighted primarily by a Likert scale. The self-esteem inventory presented to the students comprised 25 "Yes" or "No" response questions to different statements. The study found obese children were more likely to think they always had to control their weight (p = 0.000), reportedly measuring their weights significantly more than the healthy weight children. Also the study found that obese children are significantly more likely than healthy weight children to go on a diet, however neither group were successful in losing weight as the duration of the diet in 79.5% of the total sample lasted no longer than one week. In comparison to healthy weight children, obese children reported that they consumed fewer snacks during the day, avoided snacking subsequent to an evening meal and exercised more frequently for as long as physically possible. Interestingly, we found no difference of reported self-esteem between groups, though the obese group were more likely to answer that their parents did not understand them (p = 0.055). Based on these findings, we concluded that the obese children who participated in the study were more aware of their body weights than the healthy weights children. It may be necessary to investigate further the relationship between self-esteem and participants' weights while considering other variables such as personality and body image.
Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Body Image , Body Weight , Diet , Eating , Feeding Behavior , Meals , Motor Activity , Parents , Snacks , Weights and MeasuresABSTRACT
Objective To observe the changes of the function of vascular endothelial secretion, levels of OX-LDL and body-weight of obese children after exercise intervention. Methods Thirty children with obesity at the age of 8 to 14 years and 30 normal children were enrolled in this experiment. The obese children (exercise group) received a session of 1 hour's exercise each day, 5 days a week for 8 weeks. The levels of ET, 6-K-PGF1?,NO, OX-LDL and body-weight were then measured and compared with that of their pre-exercise state and that of the normal children (control group). Results The levels of ET and OX-LDL were increased, while the levels of NO and 6-K-PGF1? were decreased in the obese children in comparison with the normal controls, the difference was statistically significant ( P
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This study was carried out to compare the characteristics of the over weight elementary school students with those of desirable-weight children. Anthropometric parameters such as height, weight, BMI, body fat percentile, triceps skin fold thickness were measured. Dietary assessment and blood analysis were performed. The average ages of over weight children and desirable-weight children were 10.9+/-2.5 and 10.2+/-2.8 years, respectively. The means body fat percentile of over weight children and desirable-weight children were 27.5+/-3.7% and 20.2+/-3.8%. respectively. Plasma levels of TG, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol of over weight children and desirable-weight children were 179.3+/-30.0, 104.9+/-26.6, 52.3+/-6.7 and 178.3+/-84.1 mg/dl, and those of desirable-weight children were 86.1+/-43.5, 183.7+/-16.5, 101.0+/-2.1 and 67.7+/-20.0 mg/dl, respectively. Plasma TG levels of over weight children were significantly higher than those of desirable weight children. On the other hand, plasma HDL-cholesterol levels of over weight children were significantly lower than those of desirable-weight children. Plasma levels of GOT and GPT were in normal range in both group however, GPT level of over weight children was higher than that of desirable weight children. Plasma levels of albumin, globulin, and BUN were all in normal range and no differences were found in both groups. Hematologic data did not show any difference between two groups except WBC, RBC and Hgb levels which were significantly higher in over weight group than those of desirable-weight children. Daily nutrients intake of over weight children and desirable-weight children were very similar and they were around the Korean RDA levels for each nutrients. However the intake of calcium of both groups were little over 50% of RDA. The consumption of dietary fiber was very low and the cholesterol intake was very high showing that the habitual meals of Korean school children were not well balanced.