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OBJECTIVE@#The prevalence of depressive symptoms has become a significant public health issue in China. Research on the relationship between personality traits and changes in depressive symptoms, as well as further exploration of urban-rural differences, not only benefits for the understanding of the prevalence trend of depression in China, but also provides a useful reference for the government to develop personalized mental health prevention strategies.@*METHODS@#Based on the data from the China Family Panel Studies in 2018 and 2020, a univariate analysis was conducted on 16 198 Chinese residents aged 18 years and above. Five dimensions of personality traits were conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism and openness. In the study, 16 198 residents were divided into "keep good group", "better group", "worse group" and "keep bad group" according to the changes in depressive symptoms in 2018 and 2020. After controlling for factors, such as gender and education, multinomial Logistic regression analysis was used to examine whether personality traits were associated with changes in depressive symptoms. In addition, we evaluated whether urban-rural and personality traits interacted to influence depressive symptoms.@*RESULTS@#The five dimensions of personality traits were significantly correlated with changes in depressive symptoms. Conscientiousness, extroversion, and agreeableness were negatively associated with depressive symptoms, while neuroticism and openness were positively related. Urban and rural differences moderated the relationship between personality traits and depressive symptoms. Compared with urban residents, rural residents showed stronger correlations between neuroticism (OR=1.14; 95%CI: 1.00-1.30) and the group of depression-recovery, as well as conscientiousness (OR=0.79;95%CI: 0.68-0.93) and the group of persistent-depression.@*CONCLUSION@#The study finds that personality traits have a significant correlation with changes in depressive symptoms, with certain traits showing a negative or positive relationship. Specifically, higher levels of conscientiousness, extraversion, and agreeableness are associated with lower levels of depressive symptoms, while higher levels of neuroticism and openness are associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms. In addition, the study finds that rural residents have a stronger association between their personality traits and persistent or improved depressive symptoms, which highlights the need for tailoring mental health intervention and prevention programs that should take into account personality traits and urban-rural differences in China. By developing targeted strategies that are sensitive to personality differences and geographic disparities, policymakers and mental health professionals can help prevent and reduce the incidence of depressive symptoms, ultimately improving the overall well-being of Chinese adults. Meanwhile, additional studies in independent populations are needed to corroborate the findings of this study.
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Adult , Humans , Personality , Depression/etiology , China/epidemiology , Personality Inventory , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Objective:To assess the change and inter-individual variation in body temperature and analyze related variables among Chinese adults.Methods:Data of of 9 184 participants[mean age(52.38±14.69) years, 4 350 men and 4 834 women] were obtained from the China Health and Nutrition Survey(CHNS) 2015. Descriptive statistics and liner regression models were deployed in the analysis.Results:Overall, the mean normal axillary body temperature was 36.43℃, higher temperature was observed in men(0.032℃, P<0.001) than women. Using the multivariate linear regression model, it was revealed that age, region, territory, season, height, and hip circumference were significantly associated with body temperature. Higher individual temperature was observed in urban(0.028℃) than rural, in southern(0.040℃) than northern, and in winter(0.054℃) than autumn. Body temperature was also negatively associated with age(-0.001℃ per year), hip circumference(-0.001℃ per cm), but is positively associated with height(0.003℃ per cm). With other variables controlled, body temperature was related to whether there is myocardial infarction(ever vs never 0.187℃). Conclusion:In China, the current normal body temperature is lower than that established in 19th century(37℃), and body temperature is related to several factors. When screening and diagnosing a disease, inter-individual variance should be fully considered.
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Objective To investigate the drinking status and associated factors in adults in China.Methods Based on the 2010-2012 China National Nutrition and Health Survey (CNNHS),a total of 135 824 participants aged ≥18 were included in this cross-sectional analysis.Multivariable logistic regression model was used to investigate the associated factors for drinking status.Results The overall drinking rate was 30.5％ in Chinese adults,53.8％ in men,and 12.2％ in women.The excessive drinking rate was 14.0％ in men and 1.1％ in women.The daily drinking rate was 25.7％ in men and 10.9％ in women.Men mainly consumed multi-type wines,but women preferred beer.The overall harmful drinking rate was 7.1％.The excessive drinking rate,daily drinking rate,and harmful drinking rate increased first but then declined with age.All the four rates were positively related with physical activity.Conclusions The drinking rate,excessive drinking rate,daily drinking rate and harmful drinking rate were high in adults in China.Drinking status was associated with age,sex,marital status,education level,smoking status and physical activity.
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Objective To investigate the drinking status and associated factors in adults in China.Methods Based on the 2010-2012 China National Nutrition and Health Survey (CNNHS),a total of 135 824 participants aged ≥18 were included in this cross-sectional analysis.Multivariable logistic regression model was used to investigate the associated factors for drinking status.Results The overall drinking rate was 30.5％ in Chinese adults,53.8％ in men,and 12.2％ in women.The excessive drinking rate was 14.0％ in men and 1.1％ in women.The daily drinking rate was 25.7％ in men and 10.9％ in women.Men mainly consumed multi-type wines,but women preferred beer.The overall harmful drinking rate was 7.1％.The excessive drinking rate,daily drinking rate,and harmful drinking rate increased first but then declined with age.All the four rates were positively related with physical activity.Conclusions The drinking rate,excessive drinking rate,daily drinking rate and harmful drinking rate were high in adults in China.Drinking status was associated with age,sex,marital status,education level,smoking status and physical activity.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish the distribution of 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk among Chinese adults.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We estimated the 10-year ASCVD risk by applying the 2013 American College of Cardiology/ American Heart Association pooled cohort equations (PCEs) to the data obtained from the 2010 China Chronic Disease and Risk Factor Surveillance that involved 61,541 participants (representing 520,158,652 Chinese adults) aged 40-79 years. We also compared the ASCVD risk with the 10-year ischemic cardiovascular disease (ICVD) risk, which was calculated using the simplified scoring tables recommended by the Chinese Guidelines for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases (Chinese model).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Based on the PCEs, the average 10-year ASCVD risk among adults without self-reported stroke or myocardial infraction was 12.5%. Approximately 247 million (47.4%) and 107 million (20.6%) adults had ⋝ 7.5% and > 20% 10-year ASCVD risks, respectively. The 10-year ASCVD risk > 20% was higher among men, less educated individuals, smokers, drinkers, and physically inactive individuals than among their counterparts. Overall, 29.0% of adults categorized using the Chinese model were overclassified with the PCEs.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Our results define the distribution of 10-year ASCVD risk among Chinese adults. The 10-year ASCVD risk predicted by the PCEs was higher than the ICVD risk predicted by the Chinese model.</p>
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Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Atherosclerosis , Epidemiology , China , Epidemiology , Risk Assessment , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
<p>Recently, the China Adult Physical Activity Guideline (CAPAG) have been published. However, it is unclear to know the prevalence of people meeting the CAPAG, and who meet. Therefore, we conducted this study to investigate the prevalence and demographic characteristics of people achieving the recommended CAPAG. Cross-sectional data in the present study was analyzed for 1,655 Chinese urban adults. The Chinese version of International Physical Activity Questionnaire was used to examine CAPAG level of adults. According to CAPAG, Chinese adults are recommend to meet ≥6000 Step/day. Demographic data, including age, marital status, educational level, income level, body mass index and self-rated health were obtained with the questionnaire. To examine the association of demographic and health status with PA level, a multivariate logistic regression analysis was utilized. Overall, 61.1% of respondents met the PA recommendation. Unmarried and healthy (self-rated health) were significantly associated with meeting the physical activity recommendation. Women aged 30 to 39 years were less likely to achieve the recommendation. Women with incomes of 1,000 Yuan or less were more likely to meet the recommendation than those with incomes of 4,000 Yuan or more. Adults with normal weight were more likely to those with underweight. Differences in associations of demographic correlates with the PA recommendation were observed between men and women, which suggest that gender-specific strategies might be more effective in promoting PA among Chinese urban adults.</p>
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STUDY DESIGN: A prospective imaging study. PURPOSE: To characterize the distribution of the global sagittal postural patterns in asymptomatic Chinese adults using Roussouly classification. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: The norms of sagittal parameters in asymptomatic Chinese population have been previously described, but no report described their global sagittal postural patterns as characterized by Roussouly classification. METHODS: A cohort of 272 asymptomatic Chinese adults was recruited. Data was assimilated by reviewing the films for each subject. Sagittal parameters were measured and sagittal postural patterns were then determined according to Roussouly classification. The pattern distributions were compared across genders within the study cohort. We also compared the data across different ethnicities from our study and a previous study to further characterize Chinese sagittal postures. RESULTS: The cohort included 161 males and 111 females, with mean age of 23.2±4.4 years. The average descriptive results were as below: pelvic incidence (PI) 46.4°±9.6°, thoracic kyphosis (TK) 24.2°±9.0°, lumbar lordosis (LL) 50.6°±10.6°, sacral slope (SS) 37.2°±7.6°, pelvic tilt (PT) 9.4°±6.8°, spinosacral angle (SSA) 131.1°±7.5° and sagittal vertical axis (SVA) 17.24±32.36 mm. Despite a significant difference between two genders in LL, PI, SSA, and SVA, no difference was found in the distribution of Roussouly types among them. 47.8% of our cohort belonged to Roussouly type 3, while type 1, 2 and 4 comprised 23.2%, 14.0% and 15.1% of the subjects, respectively. Roussouly classification was capable of categorizing sagittal parameters except for the PT. This study also found that 4.4% of the recruited subjects belonged to the C7-anterior subgroup. CONCLUSIONS: From a characterization of the sagittal postural patterns of asymptomatic Chinese adults using Roussouly classification, the distribution was similar between Chinese males and females; however, from a cross-study comparison, it was different between asymptomatic Chinese and Caucasian adults, with a higher proportion of Roussouly type 3 in Chinese adults.
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Adult , Animals , Female , Humans , Male , Asian People , Axis, Cervical Vertebra , Classification , Cohort Studies , Incidence , Kyphosis , Lordosis , Posture , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
Objective To explore the methods for estimating premorbid intelligence of patients with cerebral infarction.Methods Ten regression equations were employed to estimate intelligence quotients (IQs) of 74 patients and 74 demographically matched,healthy adults.Those valid estimated IQs were transformed into standard scores and adopted to evaluate the difference with don' t hold' subtests.Results In the healthy group,there were trivial difference between the estimated IQs and obtained IQs with mean discrepancy less than one and the correlation coefficients between them ranged from 0.755 to 0.956.However in the patients group,the estimated IQs were significantly higher than obtained IQs with mean discrepancy of 3.20-10.67.Mean estimated IQs of the patient group were lower than those of healthy group to varing degrees with mean discrepancy of 0.83-8.28,in which the mean IQs estimated just with demographic variables showed small between group effect size of 0.26,and so did IQs estimated with combination of demographic variables and performance on the Information or Figural Matrix (effect size:0.24 and 0.38 respectively).The latter two kinds of estimated IQs were adopted and transformed into standard scores to estimate premorbid intelligence.The two kinds of estimated normal scores of intelligence were higher than normal scores of the Digit Symbol (0.70 and 0.63 respectively) and the Block Design(0.67 and 0.61 respectively)in the patients group.As regarding the healthy group,the counterparts of discrepancies between estimates of intelligence and obtained scores were 0.21,0.21,0.12 and 0.12 respectively,which were significantly smaller than those in the patients group.Conclusion IQ estimated with combination of demographic variables and performance on the Information or Figural Matrix are suggested to estimate premorbid intelligence of patients with cerebral infarction.
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Objective The predictive value of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) for mortality from all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the Chinese population is unclear. The aim of this present study was to compare MetS with its individual components as predictors of mortality in Chinese elderly adults. Methods A cohort of 1,535 subjects (994 men and 541 women) aged 50 years or older was selected from employees of a machinery factory in 1994 and followed until 2009. Cox models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) predicted by MetS according to the harmonized definition and by its individual components. Results The baseline prevalence of MetS was 28.0% in men and 48.4% in women. During a median follow-up of 15 years, 414 deaths occurred, of these, 153 participants died from CVD. Adjusted for age and gender, the HRs of mortality from all-cause and CVD in participants with MetS were 1.47 (95% confidence interval (CI): components. On evaluating the MetS components individually, we found that, independent of MetS, only hypertension and impaired glucose predicted higher mortality. Conclusions The number of positive MetS components seems no more informative than classifying (dichotomous) MetS for CVD risks assessment in this Chinese cohort.
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<b>Porpose:</b> Physical inactivity is a modifiable risk factor for many chronic diseases. In China, inactive lifestyle is increasing yearly on Chinese adults by rapid economic development which produces their lifestyle changes. Thus, we investigated the prevalence and socio-demographic correlates of meeting the physical activity recommendation among Chinese adult internet users.<b>Methods:</b> Data were analyzed for 1394 Chinese adults who responded an internet based cross-sectional survey. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire Chinese version was used to determine whether the individuals met the physical activity recommendation (150minutes/week) on the ACSM/AHA guideline. Demographic data (gender, age, marital status, employment status, educational level, annual income level, and body mass index) were also obtained. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was utilized.<b>Results:</b> Overall, 87.3% of respondents met the physical activity recommendation. Age and annual income were significantly associated with meeting the physical activity recommendation. Women aged 40-49 years were more likely to meet the physical activity recommendation than those aged 30-39 years (OR = 2.12). Women with annual incomes of 40000∼50000 Yuan were more likely to meet the physical activity recommendation than those with annual incomes of 30000 Yuan or less (OR = 2.40).<b>Conclusion:</b> The high prevalence rate and different socio-demographic correlates of meeting physical activity recommendation were observed among Chinese adults compared with these in developed countries. Specific strategies accounting for such socio-demographic correlates may be needed for effectively promoting physical activity among Chinese adults.
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Objectives To investigate the consumption of carbohydrate and distribution of dietary glycemic load (GL) in Chinese adults. Method Data from China National Nutrition and Health Survey in 2002 were used for this analysis. Dietary glycemic load was calculated as a function of glycemic index, carbohydrate content and frequency of intake of individual foods. Results Dietary glycemic load was contributed by 92% from cereals. People with low dietary GL /4184 kJ tended to consume more fat, less cereals, and less carbohydrates. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was higher in those with low GL/4184 kJ, especially in urban residents. Conclusion People with low GL/4184 kJ tend to consume more fat, less cereals, less carbohydrates. The situation in urban residents is more serious. Based on factors including cereals intake, energy contribution from fat and carbohydrates, prevalence of malnutrition, overweight and obesity. A proposed range for dietary GL /4184 kJ in Chinese adults can be 80~120.