ABSTRACT
Background: Music is believed to affect the cognitive function. However, there is conflicting evidence about the effect of background music on the same. Few studies have been done on the effect of instrumental music on cognition. Aim and Objective: The aim of our study was to study the effect of low-volume instrumental music on visual reaction time (RT). Materials and Methods: Visual RT (simple reaction time [SRT] and choice reaction time [CRT]) using Deary–Liewald software was recorded in 48 medical students aged 18–21 years, without, and then with low-volume background instrumental flute music. Results were compared with regard to change in mean values of SRT, CRT, and mean central processing time. Data were analyzed statistically using unpaired t-test and statistical significance (P < 0.05) was sought. Results: We did not find any statistically significant change in visual RT after subjecting the students to low-volume background instrumental music. Conclusion: Background instrumental does not significantly affect visual RT but this should be further analyzed.
ABSTRACT
Resumo Na capoeira uma capacidade fundamental é o tempo de reação, pois exige a seleção rápida de uma resposta correta para a variedade de estímulos que se apresentam. O presente estudo verificou o efeito da prática da capoeira sobre o tempo de reação. Participaram 20 adultos praticantes de capoeira divididos em dois grupos de acordo com o tempo de prática. O tempo de reação foi medido com a Unidade de Determinação do Sistema de Testes de Viena (versão 6.0). Os resultados apresentaram diferença significativa (p < 0,05) para o número de respostas corretas, respostas erradas e para o tempo de reação de escolha a favor dos capoeiristas experientes em comparação com os iniciantes. Concluiu-se que a prática da capoeira pode melhorar o TR de escolha de seus praticantes.
Abstract In Capoeira, good reaction time is that to provide rapid and correct answer for stimuli prestentioned, consist of in ability very important for success or not event. The purpose this study was to verify effect of the practice of Capoeira on choice reaction time. Participated of the study 20 practitioners Capoeira, adults, divided in two groups according to time practice. Reaction time went measured used a Unit Determination of the Viena's System Tests (version 6.0). The results showed a significant difference (p < .05) for the numbers of correct answers, wrong answers and choice reaction time in favor of capoeiristas experienced in comparison with beginners. It was conclude that the practice of Capoeira could improve choice reaction time of the practitioners.
Resumen En Capoeira, tiempo de reacción es una capacidad fundamental, requiere una selección rápida de una respuesta correcta a la variedad de estímulos que se presentan. Este estudio examinó el efecto de la práctica de Capoeira en el tiempo de reacción. Los participantes fueron 20 adultos que practican Capoeira dividido en dos grupos de acuerdo con el momento de la práctica. El tiempo de reacción se midió usando la unidad de determinación del Sistema de Prueba de Viena (versión 6,0). Los resultados mostraron diferencias significativas (p < 0,05) para el número de respuestas correctas, respuestas incorrectas y el tiempo de reacción de elección a favor de capoeiristas experimentado en comparación con los principiantes. Se concluyó que la práctica de la capoeira puede mejorar TR elección de sus practicantes.
ABSTRACT
O xadrez vem sendo utilizado como um recurso pedagógico para potencializar habilidades cognitivas de escolares. Dentre estas habilidades,destaca-se a tomada de decisão, fundamental em diversas atividades acadêmicas, contudo ainda são poucos os estudos que mostram os efeitos da prática do xadrez na eficiência e eficácia da tomada de decisão. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi verificar o efeito da prática do xadrez na habilidade cognitiva de tomada de decisão em escolares do ensino fundamental. Para tanto, 44 escolares de 7 a 12 anos de idade foram distribuídos em dois grupos (22 escolares sem contato com o xadrez e 22 escolares praticantes de xadrez na escola). Todos os escolares foram avaliados pelo Software Stroop Task v.1.0, através do qual o tempo de reação de escolha e a qualidade da escolha (relação erro/acerto) foram contabilizados. Os resultados mostraram que os escolares praticantes de xadrez na escola tomam decisões em menor tempo (t =2,3068; p < 0.05) e menor número de erros (X² = 112,061; p < 0.001) que escolares que nunca tiveram contato com o xadrez. Futuros estudos necessitam investigar o impacto destas capacidades nas atividades acadêmicas, ampliando o entendimento sobre os processos envolvidos na cognição e ação
Chess has been used as a teaching resource to enhance cognitive skills of students. Among these skills highlights the decision making, critical in various academic activities. However, there arefew studies that show the effects of the practice of chess in the efficiency and effectiveness of decision making. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of the practice of chess in the cognitive ability of decision making in primary schools. To this end, 44 students aged 7 to 12 years old were divided into two groups (22 students without contact with chess and 22 school practitioner's chess in school). All students were assessed by the Stroop Task Software v.1.0 where the reaction time of choice and the quality of choice (correct/incorrect choice) were recorded. Results showed that practicing school chess in school make decisions in less time (t= 2,3068; p< 0.05) and fewer errors (X²= 112,061; p < 0.001) than students who never had contact with chess.Futures studies need to investigate what impact these skills in academic activities, expanding the understanding of the processes involved in cognition and action.
Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Play and Playthings/psychology , LearningABSTRACT
Background and objectives: The reaction time has been known as an important psychophysical method useful for relating mental events to physical measures. Also it has been utilized as an index of sensory, motor and cognitive processes since the inception of the study of behaviour as a laboratory science. So the present study was undertaken to observe and compare the responses of young males and females in predictable and unpredictable environmental setting by employing choice reaction time tasks with constant fore-period of 2 seconds and randomly occurring variable fore-periods of 0.6, 2, 4, 6 seconds. Methods: The choice reaction time tasks were performed for visual and auditory stimuli with constant and variable fore-periods using “Techno Digital Response Time” apparatus. The data were analyzed by Z test. P< 0.05 was considered significant. Results: It was observed that choice reaction times to visual as well as auditory stimuli were lesser in males than in females (p < 0.001) in both constant and variable fore-periods. It was also observed that auditory choice reaction time was shorter than visual choice reaction time. Conclusions: In conclusion, males have shorter reaction time than females. Males react faster than females to changes in the external environment and males are quicker in responding to the unpredictable situations. Choice reaction time (CRT) to auditory stimulus is shorter than that to visual stimulus in both males and females.
ABSTRACT
In this study, we treated transgenic Huntington's disease (tgHD) model rat with deep brain stimulation (DBS) and evaluated the cognitive and motor outcome. The results showed that the surgery of implanting electrode improved cognition, increased correct rate and decreased response bias in choice reaction time (CRT) task, with similar extent on various genotypes. After long-term DBS to globus pallidus externa( GPe), correct rate was enhanced. The enhancement was genotype related. Additionally, the motor time and reaction time in CRT task reflecting the movement initiation kept the same value, but the chorea-form movement of homozygous rats was rectified prominently after the treatment of DBS. The present results demonstrated that the operation of long-term DBS to globus pallidus externa can improve the cognition and motor outcome of tgHD rats, which implied DBS operation might shed light on HD patients in the future.