ABSTRACT
Background & objectives: Dietary fibre-rich tender cluster beans (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba; CB) are known to exert beneficial cholesterol lowering influence. We examined the influence of a combination of dietary tender CB and garlic (Allium sativum) in reducing the cholesterol gallstone formation in mice. Methods: Cholesterol gallstones were induced in Swiss mice by feeding a high-cholesterol diet (HCD) for 10 wk. Dietary interventions were made with 10 per cent CB and 1 per cent garlic included individually or together along with HCD. A total of 100 mice were divided into five groups of 20 mice each. Results: Dietary CB, garlic and CB+garlic reduced the formation of cholesterol gallstones by 44, 25 and 56 per cent, respectively, lowered cholesterol by 23-48, 16-24, and 24-58 in bile, serum, and liver, respectively. Cholesterol saturation index in bile and cholesterol: phospholipid ratio in circulation and hepatic tissue were significantly lowered by these dietary interventions, with highest beneficial effect from CB+garlic. Activities of hepatic cholesterol metabolizing enzymes were modulated by CB, garlic and CB+garlic. Elevation in lipid peroxides caused by HCD was also countered by these dietary interventions, the combination producing the highest effect. Interpretation & conclusions: The results showed that the prevention of experimentally induced formation of cholesterol gallstones by dietary CB and garlic was due to decreased biliary cholesterol secretion and increased cholesterol saturation index. In addition of anti-lithogenic effect, dietary CB and garlic in combination had a beneficial antioxidant effect.
ABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between intramural gallstones and intraluminal gallstones. MethodsIn this present study, the control study was applied to analysis on the gallstones from 116 cholecystolithiasis patients with intramural gallstones as well as intraluminal gallstones. All the patients were from the general surgery department and accepted gallbladder-preserving cholecystolithotomy during 2009.02-2009.08. Meanwhile, 171 patients with intraluminal gallstones were investigated the clinical traits; and gallstones from them were analyzed with FT-IR and microsopic examination. ResultsThe results showed the coincidence rate of stone type was 97.4％, and it was mainly pigment gallstones and mixed gallstones in 116 cases; the coincident detection rate of clonorchis sinensis eggs was 98.3 ％, and it was much higher in the pigment gallstones and mixed gallstones than that in the cholesterol gallstones. The ratio of pigment gallstones from the 116 patients group was higher than the 171 patients group, and the detection rate of C. sinensis eggs of the two groups had no statistical difference (P＞0.05). ConclusionsThe stone type of intramural gallstones was mainly pigment gallstones and mixed gallstones. Intramural gallstones and intraluminal gallstones were homologous.
ABSTRACT
Cholesterol gallstone formation is influenced by environmental and genetic factors. Cholesterol gallstone susceptible genes (Lith genes) are complex and show polygenic traits. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis in inbred mice is a powerful method for identifying these genetic defects. More than 20 Lith genes were discovered by QTL in inbred mice models. The co-localized, candidate genes responsible for gallstone susceptible QTL can lead to the discovery of pathophysiologic functions of Lith (gallstone) genes. These genetic studies may reveal novel molecular targets for prevention and medical therapy. Presently, the only effective treament for gallstone is cholecystectomy. In the future, new drugs targeting Lith genes can be available not only for the treatment of gallstone disease, but also for "pre-stone" diagnosis.
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Cholecystectomy , Cholesterol , Diagnosis , Gallstones , Molecular Biology , Multifactorial Inheritance , Quantitative Trait LociABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the difference in biliary composition between cholesterol polyps and cholesterol gallstones patients.Methods Totally 20 patients with cholesterol polyps(CP group),20 cases of cholesterol gallstones(CG group),and 10 adults without hepatobiliary diseases(control) were enrolled in this study.HITACHI-7060 automatic biochemistry analyzer was employed to determine the concentration of total bile acid(TBA),phospholipid(PL),and total cholesterol(TC) of the patients.Glycoprotein was detected by colorimetric method.Free Ca2+ and pH value were anlyzed using ORION-720A ionic acidimeter.And the contents of 8 conjugated bile acids in gallbladder bile were determined by using Agilent-1100 high performance liquid chromatography.Results The conentration of TC,cholesterol saturation index(CSI),and the ratio of(TCA+GCA)/(TCDCA+GCDCA+GDCA+TDCA) of the CP and CG groups were significantly higher than those of the control [TC:(14.0?0.5) mmol/L and(18.6?1.2) mmol/L vs(9.1?0.8)mmol/L,P