ABSTRACT
The etiology and pathogenesis of patients with hypertension are lower deficiency and upper excess. The deficiency below the etiology comes first, and then leads to upper excess. Lower deficiency is manifested by the yin deficiency of liver and kidney. The clinical symptoms are lumbar and knee weakness, or low back pain, or lower limb weakness, or systemic fatigue, or dry throat. In fact, it is mostly manifested as excess of liver yang, manifesting Qi inversion symptoms of high blood pressure, dizziness, dry throat, or bitter mouth, or headache, or tinnitus and deafness, or palpitations, or chest pain, or gastroesophageal reflux, or heartburn acid reflux, which are also named like hyperactivity of liver yang, liver yang heat, liver defencing spleen, or spleen deficiency leading to phlegm. Deficiency of liver and kidney leads to yin failing to restrain yang, resulting in hyperactivity of liver yang, spleen deficiency generating phlegm, and phlegm blocking orifices. Hypertension is due to deficiency of liver and kidney, and its sign is hyperactivity of liver yang. Therefore, lower deficiency and upper excess process and guides the treatment and prevention of hypertension. In the treatment, with the principle of lower deficiency and upper excess, we can nourish liver and kidney Yin to defence liver Yang for hypertension.