Púrpura trombocitopênica imunológica crônica e infecção pelo helicobacter pylori: respostaplaquetária ao tratamento de erradicação da bactéria

A Púrpura Trombocitopênica Imunológica Crônica (PTIc) é uma afecção causada por resposta auto-imune decorrente da sensibilização das plaquetas por auto anticorpos antiplaquetários, causando lise das plaquetas. A infecção pelo H. pylori tem sido mostrada como provável fator para o desenvolvimento de PTIc, com possível relação de resposta plaquetária na PTIc após o tratamento de erradicação da bactéria. O objetivo foi avaliar possíveis efeitos da erradicação do Helicobacter pylori no número de plaquetas dos pacientes com PTIc atendidos no Hospital Universitário Walter Cantídio. Foram convidados a participar do estudo 29 pacientes com PTIc, 15 permaneceram e todos foram tratados para o H. pylori, sendo acompanhados por um período de 6 meses a um ano para a avaliação clínica e contagem de plaquetas. Todos realizaram endoscopia digestiva para diagnóstico da infecção e, após o tratamento, realizaram teste respiratório para confirmação da erradicação. Foi realizado PCR para averiguar a presença do gene cagA do H. pylori. Dos 15 pacientes tratados 01 (6,6%) era do gênero masculino e 14 (93,3%) foram do gênero feminino, a média de idade foi de 47,7 anos (27-68), O tempo médio de doença foi de 7,43 anos (1-25)...

The Chronic Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura ITPc) is a condition caused by autoimmune response resulting awareness of platelets by self antiplatelet antibodies, causing lysis of platelets. Infection with H. pylori has been shown to likely factor for the development of PTIc, with possible platelet response relationship in PTIc after treatment of bacterial eradication. The objective was to evaluate possible effects of eradication of Helicobacter pylori in the number of platelets of patients with PTIC patients at the University Hospital Walter Cantídio. Were invited to participate in the study 29 patients with PTIc, 15 remained and all were treatedfor H. pylori and were followed for a period of 6 months to a year for clinical evaluation and platelet count. All patients underwent endoscopy for diagnosis of infection and, after treatment, held breath test to confirm eradication. PCR was performed forthe presence of H. pyloricagA gene. Of the 15 patients 01 (6.6%) were male and 14 (93.3%) were female, the mean age was 47.7 years (27-68), the mean disease duration was 7.43 years (1-25)...

Association of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells with natural course of childhood chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura / 소아과

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (Treg) in the peripheral blood of patients with childhood chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) exhibiting thrombocytopenia and spontaneous remission. The findings of this study indicate the possibility of predicting spontaneous recovery and pathogenesis of childhood chronic ITP. METHODS: Eleven children with chronic ITP (seven thrombocytopenic and four spontaneous remission cases; mean age, 8.8 years; range, 1.7-14.9 years) were enrolled in this study. Five healthy children and eight healthy adults were included as controls. The frequency of Treg was evaluated by flow cytometry in the peripheral blood. RESULTS: In this study, four patients (36%) achieved spontaneous remission within 2.8 years (mean year; range, 1.0-4.4 years). The frequency of Treg was significantly lower in patients with persisting thrombocytopenia (0.13%+/-0.09%, P<0.05), than that in the patients with spontaneous remission (0.30%+/-0.02%), healthy adults controls (0.55%+/-0.44%), and healthy children controls (0.46%+/-0.26%). A significantly positive correlation was found between the frequency of Treg and the platelet count in children. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that a lower frequency of Treg contributes to the breakdown of self-tolerance, and may form the basis for future development of specific immunomodulatory therapies. Furthermore, Treg frequency has prognostic implication toward the natural course and long-term outcomes of childhood chronic ITP.

Spontaneous Intracranial Haemorrhage in Children with Chronic Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura

Spontaneous intracranial haemorrhage (ICH) is a rare complication of chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) in children. We report four patients with cITP who developed ICH. The latency between onset of ITP and ICH varied from 1-8 years. All our patients were profoundly thrombocytopenic (platelet count of <10 x 109/l) at the time of their intracranial bleed. The presenting features and management are discussed. All patients survived, three had complete neurological recovery while one had a minimal residual neurological deficit. KEY WORDS: Chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura; intracranial haemorrhage; children

Progress on juvenile chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura / 国际儿科学杂志

Immune thrombocytopenic purpura is the common hemorrhagic disease in childhood.According to the international working group consensus,the article reviews its definition,classification criteria and the clinical features and diagnosis,in regarding the pathogenesis of immune function abnormalities,infection,platelets apoptosis and genetic background,espeially in children's treatment.

Increased expression of microRNA-146a in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura and its clinical significance / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective To investigate the increased expression of microRNA-146a(miR-146a) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of patients with chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and its clinical significance. Methods Twenty-eight patients with chronic ITP and 28 healthy controls matched with age and gender were enrolled in this study. Fluorescent quantitative PCR reaction was used to detect the relative expression of miR-146a in their PBMC. The serum concentration of TNF-α, IL-2,IL-1 β and IFN-γ were measured by ELISA. CCK-8 method was used to detect the proliferation ability of PBMC , which transfected with miR-146a mimics or inhibitor and then stimulated with platelet . Results The relative expression of miR-146a in ITP patients was higher than that of healthy controls. The increased expression of miR-146a was negatively correlated with the serum TNF-α, IL-2 and IFN-γ. The PBMC transfected with miR-146a mimics had reduced expression of IL-2 and proliferation when stimulated with platelet.In contrast, the opposite effect was observed with the miR-146a inhibitors transfection. Conclusion MiR146a was involved in the pathogenesis of chronic ITP by controlling IL-2 production and PBMC proliferation.Thus, it may be a potential therapy target for chronic ITP.

von Willebrand Disease in Childhood Chronic ITP

BACKGROUND: This study was performed to diagnose von Willebrand disease (vWD) in children with chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). METHODS: Seventeen cases of chronic ITP were included in this study. Screening tests and specific tests were performed. These tests were also performed on their families when the patient was diagnosed vWD. Their past histories and family histories for bleeding tendencies were also reviewed. RESULTS: Five cases were diagnosed with vWD: One had a low level of vWF:RCo and factor VIII with a normal level of vWF:Ag, and others had a low level of vWF:RCo and vWF:Ag with a normal level of factor VIII. Among these, two cases showed abnormal screening test results, with prolongation of the aPTT or BT. The vWF multimer test could be performed in three cases, and two cases had a normal pattern and one had a abnormal pattern. Among the five vWD children, the past histories and family histories of a bleeding tendency could be obtained for four vWD patients and three families showed a bleeding tendency. But all the families were found to be normal on the first screening and the specific tests. CONCLUSION: von Willebrand disease was combined in 5 cases (29.4%) among the 17 chronic ITP children. More evaluations, such as the vWF multimer test and the ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation (RIPA) test are needed to confirm the subtype. A follow-up test of the same type should be repeated on family members who have a history of bleeding, but they have normal test results for the diagnosis or exclusion of vWD.

Intravenous Anti-D immunoglobulin treatment of adult chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) / 대한내과학회지

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is an autoimmune disease that is mediated by anti-platelet antibodies. Based on the pathogenesis of ITP we evaluated the efficacy of intravenous anti-D immunoglobulin for adult chronic ITP. METHODS: Fourteen patients (4 without splenectomy and 10 with splenectomy) with refractory chronic ITP were treated with 50-70 microgram/kg of intravenous anti-D immunoglobulin only once. Treatment effects were evaluated by measuring the platelet counts and hemoglobin levels. RESULTS: Five patients (36%) showed a response; improvement in the platelet count lasted for on average 7 days (range: 2~24 days). There were no serious adverse effects. CONCLUSION: Anti-D immunoglobulin, which is associated with an Fc receptor blockade, appeared to be safe and effective for the treatment of adults with chronic ITP. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings and define further potentially effective treatment protocols with intravenous anti-D immunoglobulin.

The Results of Danazol Therapy in Patients with Chronic Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura Who Failed with Corticosteroid Therapy

BACKGROUND: Most of adult patients with chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) that was refractory or relapsed to high-dose corticosteroid have been treated with splenectomy as a 2nd line treatment. However, these patients may have increased morbidity and mortality according to the operation and the increased risk of infection for a lifetime after splenectomy. Despite of the above risks, 30~40% of these patients can't maintain remission. Furthermore, the remission rate after splenectomy is relatively lower in patients with corticosteroid-refractory chronic ITP than that in those patients with corticosteroid-responsiveness. We studied whether danazol, an attenuated androgen, is useful or safe as 2nd line treatment for chronic ITP instead of splenectomy and which factors are associated with the response to danazol. METHODS: Among the patients with chronic ITP who failed corticosteroid therapy in our hospital, 28 patients who received danazol as the 2nd line treatment were analyzed retrospectively. A complete response was defined that the platelet count was increased to 150 x 10(3)/microL, and a partial response was defined that the platelet count was increased above 50 x 10(3)/microL or there was an increased platelet count of more than 20 x 10(3)/microL from the pre-treatment platelet count when the platelet count was above 50 x 10(3)/microL at the time of danazol therapy. RESULTS: The median age of patients was 44 years (range: 19~67) and the number of male patients was 9 (32.1%) and the number of females was 19 (67.9%). The starting daily doses of danazol were variable from 200 to 600mg, though most of the patients were treated with 400mg daily (18 cases, 64.3%). The median duration of danazol therapy was 201.5 days (range: 13~973) and the median duration from ITP diagnosis to danazol treatment was 56 days (range: 20~2,430). Among the accrued 28 patients, 22 patients showed a response to danazol (78.5%); there were 6 patients (21.4%) with a complete response and 16 patients (57.1%) with a partial response. The median duration from danazol treatment to response was 30 days (range: 0~180). The median response duration of danazol treatment was 330 days (95% CI: 182~478) by the Kaplan-Meiyer method. For the danazol-responsive patients, 9 patients (40.9%) remained in remission and 13 patients (59.1%) relapsed. Grade 3~4 toxicity was observed in two patients and three patients stopped danazol because of adverse effects. Hepatotoxicity was the most common toxicity. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that danazol is a beneficial, safe choice as the 2nd line treatment for patients with chronic ITP that was refractory or relapsed to corticosteroid.