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Objective To explore the characteristics of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) in Chengdu from 2019 to 2020 and analyze its influencing factors. Methods A total of 362 patients with COPD from January 2019 to January 2020 in Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital were collected, and the patients’ medical records were analyzed. The patients’ gender, age, number of hospitalizations, days of hospitalization, disease classification and other information were extracted and analyzed. Results A total of 362 COPD patients were included in this study, including 293 males, accounting for 80.94% of the total. The number of COPD patients over 60 years old was significantly higher than that of patients under 59 years old, with the largest age group being 60 to 79 years old and a median age of 72 years old. The average hospitalization times and days were (8.22±8.75) times and (11.03±5.47) days, respectively. Most patients had COPD of grade II or grade III, accounting for 62.83% of the total. In this study, there were 490 cases of complications occurring in 362 patients, with 1.35 complications per capita. There were 394 cases of respiratory diseases, 74 cases of cardiovascular diseases, and 22 cases of other diseases. The incidence of pulmonary infection was the highest (204 cases, 56.35%), followed by bullae and asthma (83 cases and 64 cases, 22.93% and 17.68%, respectively). The proportion of antiasthmatic drug use was the highest and the use time was the longest, which was 220 times (60.77%) and (10.50±6.23) days, respectively. There were 119 cases (32.87%) treated with antibiotics for (7.85±5.21) days. The anticoagulants were used for 105 times (29.01%) and (7.54±3.18) days. Logistic regression analysis showed that smoking history, passive smoking history, age over 50 years old, family history of respiratory disease and respiratory disease history were independent risk factors for COPD. Conclusion The majority of COPD patients in Chengdu from 2019 to 2020 were male, with the highest incidence in the age group of 60-79 years. Pulmonary infection and other respiratory diseases were the most common complications. Antibiotic use met the guidelines.
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Background: Smoking is the most important factor contributing to the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and is one of the major health risks in modern times. Aim: The purpose of the present study was to determine the relationship between cigarette smoking and pulmonary function tests between various groups of smokers and non-smokers. Methods: The study was carried out in 100 male subjects between 19-52 years of age. The subjects were drawn from the community such that they could be grouped as non-smokers (25), mild smokers (25), moderate smokers (25), and chronic smokers (25) according to their questionnaire response. Pulmonary Function Tests were carried out in each subject with a computerized spirometer. The various data was collected, compiled, statistically analyzed and valid conclusions were drawn Results: Results indicate that smoking is generally associated with lower levels of pulmonary functions. . It was established that pulmonary functions decreased with increasing number of pack years. The negative association was evident in most lung functions and capacities, but was largest and most progressive in FEV1, FEV1/FVC, FEF25-75% and PEFR. Conclusion: Pulmonary function data in smokers indicate narrowing of smaller airways, chiefly bronchioles. Rapidly declining pulmonary functions in smokers with increasing number of pack years is predictive of increased risk of development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The study observed that spirometry was an effective and easy method for detection of COPD in risk group population like smokers and thus promotes smoking cessation efforts to reduce the burden of COPD in the community.
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Increase in size and number of bronchial blood vessels as well as hyperaemia are factors that contribute to airway wall remodelling in patients with chronic airway diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD). Expression of transforming growth factor 1 (TGF-1), a multifunctional cytokine as well as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a key angiogenic molecule, has been shown in the inflammed airways in patients with chronic airway diseases. TGF-1 has been implicated in the regulation of extracellular matrix, leading to airway remodelling in patients with chronic airway diseases. However, the role of TGF-1 in regulating VEGF expression in patients with chronic airway diseases, as well as the underlying mechanisms are not yet well established. We investigated whether TGF-1 stimulates VEGF expression in vitro and hence could influence vascular remodelling. Cultured human airway smooth muscle cells (HASMC) were serum deprived for 60 h before incubation with 5ng/ml of TGF-1 for different time points. Control cells received serum-free culture medium. TGF‑1, treatment resulted in time dependent HASMC cell proliferation with maximal values for DNA biosynthesis at 24 h and cell number at 48 h. Northern blot analysis of VEGF mRNA expression showed increased levels in cells treated with TGF-1 for 4 to 8 h. TGF-1 also induced a time-dependent release of VEGF proteins in the conditioned medium after 48 h of treatment. Furthermore, the ability of HASMC-released VEGF proteins to induce human umbilical vein endothelial cells proliferation was inhibited by VEGF receptor antagonist, confirming that TGF-1 induced VEGF was biologically active. We conclude that TGF-1 in addition to an extracellular matrix regulator also could play a key role in bronchial angiogenesis and vascular remodelling via VEGF pathway in asthma.
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@#Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) was characterized with airflow limitation that is not fully reversible. The high-resolution computer tomography (HRCT) has been used to evaluate the emphysema quantitatively and early.
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Objective To study the distribution regularity of TCM syndromes of respiratory failure of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) for the standardization research on TCM syndromes. Methods Literatures on respiratory failure of COPD of the latest 15 years were collected from the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, Chinese Academic Periodical Full-text Database and China TCM Document Retrieval System Database. The name of the disease was filtered and standardized. The database was established. The formation and distribution regularity of TCM syndromes of respiratory failure of COPD were calculated and analyzed.Results The common syndromes of respiratory failure of COPD were excess in Biao-symptom, such as accumulation of phlegm and blood stasis, phlegm-heat obstructing the lung, accumulation of phlegm-turbidity in the lung, and phlegm misting the brain, and most cases were accompanied with blood stasis. The deficiency syndromes, commonly qi deficiency of the lung and kidney, were complicated in nature of disease and zangfu attribution.Conclusion The accumulation of phlegm and blood stasis, phlegm-heat obstructing the lung, accumulation of phlegm-turbidity in the lung, and phlegm misting the brain are the basic syndromes of respiratory failure of COPD, and most cases are accompanied with blood stasis. The deficiency syndromes have a complicated inner law, and qi deficiency of the lung and kidney is the common one.