ABSTRACT
Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the anti-diabetic effects of linarin, a flavonoid extracted from Chrysanthemi Indici Flos (CIF), and its potential mechanisms. Methods: The effects of linarin on cell viability and glucose consumption in HepG2 cells were measured. Meanwhile, monosodium glutamate (MSG) mouse model was constructed to monitor the changes of insulin tolerance, glucose tolerance, triglyceride and cholesterol. The protein expression levels of p-AMPK, p-ACC, PEPCK and p-GS were detected by Western blot. Results: Linarin could increase the relative glucose consumption of HepG2 cells, improve insulin tolerance and glucose tolerance, and decrease the levels of triglyceride and cholesterol of MSG mice. Simultaneously, the expression levels of p-AMPK and p-ACC in HepG2 cells and the liver tissue of MSG mice were increased, while the expression levels of PEPCK and p-GS were decreased after treatment with linarin. Conclusion: Insulin resistance could be ameliorated by linarin in type 2 diabetes, and its mechanism may be related to AMPK signaling pathway.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#To analyze the chemical constituents of the volatile constituents of Flos chrysanthemi indici.@*Methods@#The volatile constituents in Flos chrysanthemi indici was extracted by the method of Solid phase microextraction (SPME). The components of the volatile constituents were separated and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The relative content of each component was determined by area normalization.@*Results@#Fifty different compounds were isolated and identified, accounting for 97.17% of the total volatile constituents. The main components in volatile constituents of Flos chrysanthemi indici were eucalyptol (24.72%), á-Myrcene (15.78%), 1,6,10-Dodecatriene, 7,11-dimethyl-3-methylene-, (Z)- (10.44%), Camphor (10.05%), Naphthalene, 1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,8a-octahydro-7-methyl-4-methylene-1-(1-methylethyl)-, (1à,4aà,8aà)- (4.81%), á-Phellandrene (4.43%), 1R-à-Pinene (4.28%), Bornyl acetate (2.56%), Bicyclo [3.1.0] hexane, 4-methylene-1-(1-methylethyl)- (1.59%), 1H-Benzocycloheptene, 2,4a,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-3,5,5,9-tetramethyl-, (R)-(1.47%).@*Conclusions@#The SPME technology can be used for volatile component analysis of wild chysanthemum,and it can help to improve the sensitivity and accuracy.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To study the dry extract rate,determination and transfer rate of maker compounds,fingerprint and others of standard decoction of Chrysanthemi Indici Flos and provide basic data for the preparation of this standard decoction and its dispensing granules by establishing 15 batches of standard decoction of Chrysanthemi Indici Flos from 5 different places. Method:The standard decoction of Chrysanthemi Indici Flos was prepared based on the traditional decoction process,the content of linarin was determined by UPLC-DAD,the transfer rate of this composition was calculated,the fingerprint was drawn,the extract powder was prepared by vacuum drying,and the dry extract rate was calculated. Result:The concentration of linarin in 15 batches of standard decoction of Chrysanthemi Indici Flos was 0.19-0.74 g·L-1,the transfer rate of linarin was 21.95%-66.23%,its average transfer rate was 37.12% with RSD of 11.8%,the pH value was 5.1-5.5,the range of dry extract rate was 24.7%-32.5%,the average dry extract rate was 27.87% with RSD of 2.4%.There were 9 major common peaks in the fingerprint and 2 peaks(No. 2 and No. 9) were confirmed,such as chlorogenic acid and linarin. Conclusion:The preparation method in this research conforms to the traditional decoction method and is stable and feasible.It can be used for the preparation and quality evaluation of standard decoction of Chrysanthemi Indici Flos.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To study the protection of the terpenes and flavonoids from Chrysanthemi Indici Flos (CIF) on immunological liver injury (ILI) induced by concanavalin A (Con A) in mice. Methods: Mice were divided into control, model, CIF-A (terpenes), CIF-B (terpenes and flavonoids), and CIF-C (flavonoids in high-, mid-, and low-dose) groups, and with Bifendate Pills as positive control group. Mice were ig administered with the three extracts from CIF each once in the morning and afternoon of the first day and the next afternoon, then once daily for consecutive 7 d. The model of ILI was prepared by iv injection of Con A in the tail of mice in each group except the control group. The levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), inferon-α (TNF-α), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in serum of mice were analyzed, the level of MDA in liver was measured, and the histopathological changes of hepatic tissue were observerd. Results: Compared with the model group, CIF-A and CIF-B could obviously inhibit the increased levels of AST, ALT, and TNF-α in serum, while CIF-C could mainly reduce the levels of AST, ALT, IFN-γ, and CIF-B could decrease the level of MDA in the liver tissue with the significant amelioration of liver lesions. The effect of CIF-B was stronger than that of CIF-C and CIF-A. Conclusion: Terpenes and flavonoids from CIF have a certain protective effect on the liver of mice with ILI induced by Con A, and CIF-B has stronger effect.