ABSTRACT
Aspects related to the epidemiology of Diptera belonging to genus Chrysomya were studied in order to determine predisposing factors for their occurrence in commercial laying hens farms from the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. An observational, analytical and sectional survey was conducted to verify the main epidemiological determinants of infestations by Chrysomya spp. Forty-three farms were visited in 2012 and these 13 (30,23%) were infested by Chrysomya putoria, 4 (9,30%) by Chrysomya megacephala and 2 (4,65%) by Chrysomya albiceps and in 2 farms (4,65%) was not possible to identify the species of Chrysomya. The epidemiological determinants for the occurrence of infestations by Chrysomya spp. were investigated using multiple logistic regression models. Housing clustering type and its conditions were important factors involved in epidemiology of these species (OR=5.05, 95% CI = 2.66 to 9.58, p = 0.000). It was also observed that the increase of the humidity of manure leads to increase chances of infestations (OR = 1.81, 95% CI = 1.36 to 2.40, p = 0.000). The presence of the beetle "lesser mealworm" (Alphitobiusdiaperinus) (OR = 0.15, 95% CI = 0.067 to 0.36, p = 0.000) was characterized as a protective factor against infestations, probably due to predation behavior of the beetle. Some regions of the state were characterized as lower risk areas for Chrysomya spp. infestation as compared to other regions. Management measures, such as constant monitoring of water leaks on manure, adequate composting of dead poultry and periodic removal of manure could assist in decreasing the presence of Chrysomya spp. inside the laying houses.
Aspectos relacionados à epidemiologia das infestações por dípteros do gênero Chrysomyaforam estudados com o objetivo de determinar os fatores predisponentes para sua ocorrência em granjas comerciais de postura do estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Foi realizado um estudo observacional, analítico e seccional para verificar os principais determinantes epidemiológicos das infestações por Chrysomya spp. Foram visitadas 43 granjas avícolas em 2012 e dessas 13 (30,23%) apresentaram infestação por Chrysomya putoria, 4 (9,30%) por Chrysomya megacephala, 2 (4,65%) por Chrysomya albiceps e em 2 granjas (4,65%) não foi possível identificar as espécies de Chrysomya. A verificação dos determinantes epidemiológicos foi realizada utilizando modelos de regressão logística múltipla. Diferenças entre os núcleos das granjas avícolas e que não foram avaliadas neste estudo, apresentaram-se importantes na epidemiologia destas moscas (OR=5.05 95% IC = 2.66 a 9.58, p = 0.000). Observou-se também que o aumento na umidade do esterco dos aviários aumenta as chances de ocorrência de infestações (OR = 1.81, 95% IC = 1.36 a 2.40, p = 0.000). A presença de coleópteros popularmente conhecidos como "Cascudinhos", Alphitobiusdiaperinus (OR = 0.15, 95% IC = 0.067 a 0.36, p = 0.000), foi caracterizada como um fator protetor contra infestações, provavelmente devido ao comportamento predador deste coleóptero. Algumas regiões do estado apresentaram menores chances de ocorrência de infestações por Chrysomya spp. quando comparadas a outras regiões. Algumas medidas de manejo, como monitoramento constante de vazamentos de água no esterco, compostagem adequada de aves mortas e remoção periódica do esterco, poderiam auxiliar na diminuição da presença de Chrysomya spp. no interior dos galpões de postura.
Subject(s)
Poultry , Epidemiologic Factors , DipteraABSTRACT
Chysomya albiceps and Musca domestica are important for forensic entomology, and human and animal health. This study analyzed the effects of the coexistence of C. albiceps and M. domestica reared in four different assays in two pig tissues, brain and intestine: assay 1, interaction between the larvae of the same age; assay 2, interaction between larvae of C. albiceps 24 hours older than larvae of M. domestica; assay 3, interaction between larvae of M. domestica 24 hours older than the larvae of C. albiceps; assay 4, larvae of both species were reared together in flasks with a small supply of food. Weight of larvae, growth time and imago emergence frequency were studied. C. albiceps responded better than M. domestica under most conditions tested. Larvae of C. albiceps responded better in mixed cultures (together with M. domestica) than in pure cultures (larvae of the same species). In contrast, M. domestica responded better when reared in pure cultures. Both species presented shorter growth times when their larvae were reared in intestine tissue with larvae 24 hours younger than the larvae of the concurrent species, compared to their respective growth times in pure cultures. The results confirmed that trophic interactions are relevant to the successful colonization of carrion by C. albiceps. Coexistence of the two species may result in changes in values of their biological components. The results also help to shed light on the biology of the two species in carrion
Subject(s)
Screw Worm Infection , Houseflies , LarvaABSTRACT
Aims: To describe the influence of the seasonal variations on the development of blow fly Ch. albiceps (Wiedemann) stages as regards to the fluctuated temperature, Study Design: Eggs and larvae of the Ch. albiceps were collected from rabbit carcasses, the development period for immature and adult stages under naturally circulating room conditions were observed. Place and Duration of Study: Observations were carried out for a year (June, 2012 – May, 2013) at Zoology Dept., Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt. Methodology: Groups of newly formed pupae were kept in rearing jars for adult emergence. The development time (in days) from emergence to egg laying and immature growth was determined. Results: The overall development time of the Ch. albiceps exhibited significant seasonal variations corresponding to temperature changes. High temperatures accelerate the overall development, whereas low temperatures slow it down. The average period between emerging of Ch. albiceps adults, mating, spawning, larval and pupal development at low temperatures in winter was sustained the record average of 25-51 days when reared at 11°C. This period, was decreased gradually to reach average of 19-27 days at 15°C in autumn, 16-23 days at 18°C in spring and 17- 19 days, in summer months when temperature average was 23°C. Adult emergence of the Ch. albiceps fly was positively affected by temperature, it ranged from 96.12±0.24%, in summer (23°C), to 81.79±0.77 in winter (11°C). Generally female emergence was in high rates more than males and the higher female ratio was during winter (1.62). Also changes in temperatures due seasonal variations showed significant effect on the pre-oviposition and incubation periods, female fecundity, percentage of egg hatching and time of larval development. Conclusion: Changes in temperature according to seasonal variation considered an important factor for the development time for the forensically important Ch. albiceps.
ABSTRACT
Myiases are infestations with dipteran larvae in both necrosed and living tissues, the food source of these insects. These illnesses occur in warm humid climates, and are most frequent in developing countries. We assessed the epidemiological aspects and the influence of climate on the occurrence of myiases and the bioagents in patients admitted to the federal Hospital do Andaraí in Rio de Janeiro from February 2007 to 2008. The influence of abiotic factors (temperature, humidity, and rainfall) on the incidence of myiases was investigated by using the Pearson's correlation test. Of the 40 patients studied, the prevalence of myiases was higher in adults, particularly in the 40 to 65 year-old (37.5 percent) African descent males (57.5 percent). Most of the injuries were caused by trauma (62.5 percent). Some patients made use of licit (50 percent) and illicit drugs (17.2 percent). The occurrence of myiases was not affected by the abiotic factors investigated. The cases reported here were treated in only one hospital, indicating that the disease is relatively common. The most frequent bioagent was Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel), but Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius), Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann) and Dermatobia hominis (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) were also detected causing myiases. Chrysomya albiceps is an exotic etiologic agent of myiases.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Myiasis/epidemiology , Brazil , Hospitals , PrevalenceABSTRACT
In this study, the seasonal variation of fecundity, wing and tibia length were investigated in natural populations of Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann, 1819) in an attempt to determine the changes in life history of the species as a function of seasonality. A relative constant temporal trajectory was found for fecundity, wing and tibia length over twenty-four months. Positive correlations between fecundity and wing size, fecundity and tibia size and wing and tibia sizes were observed. The implications of these results for population dynamics of C. albiceps are discussed.
Neste estudo, a variação sazonal da fecundidade, comprimentos de asa e tíbia foram investigadas em populações naturais de Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann, 1819) como uma forma de determinar as variações bionômicas da espécie em função da sazonalidade. Uma trajetória temporal constante foi encontrada para fecundidade, comprimentos de asa e tíbia durante vinte e quatro meses. Correlações positivas entre fecundidade e comprimento de asa, fecundidade e comprimento de tíbia e comprimentos de asa e tíbia foram observadas. As implicações destes resultados para a dinâmica populacional de C. albiceps foram discutidas.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Diptera/anatomy & histology , Diptera/physiology , Body Size , Fertility/physiology , Population Dynamics , SeasonsABSTRACT
In this study, the seasonal variation of fecundity, wing and tibia length were investigated in natural populations of Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann, 1819) in an attempt to determine the changes in life history of the species as a function of seasonality. A relative constant temporal trajectory was found for fecundity, wing and tibia length over twenty-four months. Positive correlations between fecundity and wing size, fecundity and tibia size and wing and tibia sizes were observed. The implications of these results for population dynamics of C. albiceps are discussed.
Neste estudo, a variação sazonal da fecundidade, comprimentos de asa e tíbia foram investigadas em populações naturais de Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann, 1819) como uma forma de determinar as variações bionômicas da espécie em função da sazonalidade. Uma trajetória temporal constante foi encontrada para fecundidade, comprimentos de asa e tíbia durante vinte e quatro meses. Correlações positivas entre fecundidade e comprimento de asa, fecundidade e comprimento de tíbia e comprimentos de asa e tíbia foram observadas. As implicações destes resultados para a dinâmica populacional de C. albiceps foram discutidas.
ABSTRACT
De larvas e pupas de Musca domestica, Chrysomya albiceps, Cochliomyia homivorax, Stomoxys calcitrans e Syntesiomyia nudiseta coletadas em diversos ambiente, em São Paulo, Paraná, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul e Minas Gerais, foram obtidas dez espécies de microhimenópteros parasitóides da supermamília Chalcidoidea, algumas assinaladas pela primeira vez no Brasil.