Folliculitis decalvans: a case report of satisfactory recovery after implementing

ABSTRACT Introduction: Folliculitis decalvans is a rare skin disease characterized by the presence of painful papules and pustules with an underlying neutrophilic infiltrate, usually on the scalp. Its treatment is lengthy and challenging, and recurrence is relatively common. Although its etiology is unknown, several theories explaining its development have been proposed, including colonization by Staphylococcus aureus. Case description: This is the case of a 26-year-old male healthcare worker who visited the outpatient service after experiencing a 4-year history of painful pustules on the scalp; initially these lesions were located in the occipital region, but then also started to appear in the temporal and parietal regions. After being treated for bacterial folliculitis and having several recurrences, a skin biopsy was performed, which allowed diagnosing him with folliculitis decalvans. Once the diagnosis was made, isotretinoin (20mg) treatment was implemented for a year and a half, achieving complete remission of the lesions. Conclusion: Although this case has some limitations, such as the lack of histopathology images and some control laboratory tests, it clearly shows the difficulties faced when treating this type of skin disorders and presents an overview of the use of isotretinoin, evidencing that although this drug is well tolerated, possible adverse reactions from drug interactions with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole may arise. In addition, this case is of great importance since the possible presence of a familial cluster of folliculitis decalvans could be confirmed, if further genetic testing is performed.

RESUMEN Introducción. La folliculitis decalvans es una enfermedad dermatológica rara caracterizada por la presencia de pápulas y pústulas dolorosas que están acompañadas de un infiltrado de neutrófilos subyacente. Esta condición suele aparecer en el cuero cabelludo, su recurrencia es relativamente común y su tratamiento, largo y difícil. Aunque su etiología es desconocida, se han propuesto muchas teorías que intentan explicar su aparición, siendo la colonización por Staphylococcus aureus una de ellas. Presentación del caso. Hombre de 26 años que se desempeñaba como trabajador de la salud y consultó por un cuadro clínico de 4 años de evolución caracterizado por la aparición de pústulas dolorosas en la región occipital, las cuales posteriormente se extendieron a la región temporal y parietal. Después de tratarlo como una foliculitis infecciosa y tras múltiples recurrencias, se realizó una biopsia de las lesiones que permitió diagnosticarlo con folliculitis decalvans. Se instauró un tratamiento consistente de 20mg de isotretinoina al día por un año y medio, con el cual se logró la resolución de la folicutis. Sin embargo, dos años después tuvo un relapso, pero, según el paciente, esto pudo ocurrir por el consumo de derivados lácteos, ya que, según indicó, cuando suspende el consumo de esta clase de productos no aparecen más lesiones luego de 2-3 semanas. Conclusión. Aunque este caso tiene algunas limitaciones como la ausencia de imágenes histopatológicas y algunos laboratorios de control, muestra las dificultades para tratar este tipo de condiciones dermatológicas y presenta un panorama del uso de la isotretinoina, ya que evidencia que este medicamento tiene una buena tolerancia, pero presenta interacciones medicamentosas adversas con la trimetoprima/sulfametoxazol. Además, este caso es de gran importancia, ya que, si se realizan más pruebas genéticas, podría confirmarse la posible presencia de un grupo familiar de foliculitis decalvante.

A case of cicatricial female pattern hair loss / 中华皮肤科杂志

A case of cicatricial female pattern hair loss was reported. A 36-year-old female patient presented with gradually aggravated hair loss for more than 10 years. Skin examination showed diffuse hair thinning on the scalp, thin and soft hairs, and some pencil eraser-sized areas of focal atrichia. TrichoScan examination revealed markedly decreased hair density on the forehead, variability in hair diameter greater than 20%, and increased proportions of vellus hairs. Dermoscopic examination showed increased numbers of vellus hairs, plenty of focal atrichia areas measuring 3 - 5 mm in diameter, loss of some follicular ostia, and confluent white dots. Histopathological examination of vertical and transverse scalp sections showed predominantly distributed miniaturized hair follicles with lichenoid folliculitis around the infundibulum and isthmus, concentrically layered perifollicular fibrosis, a marked decrease in the number of hair follicles compared with healthy people of the same age, increased proportions of vellus hairs, a large number of miniaturized hair follicles and follicular streamers, and formation of follicular micro-scars. The patient was diagnosed with cicatricial female pattern hair loss. She received topical treatment with 5% minoxidil liniment once a day, and alternate treatment with topical tacrolimus ointment and clobetasol propionate ointment, as well as oral spironolactone at a dose of 20 mg twice a day and compound glycyrrhizin capsules at a dose of 50 mg thrice a day. After half a year of treatment, there was no marked aggravation of hair loss, and the follow-up continued.

Clinical outcome of hair transplantation combined with SVF GEL assisted fat transplantation in cicatricial alopecia / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective:To explore the clinical effects of hair transplantation combined with SVF GEL assisted fat transplantation in treating cicatricial alopecia.Methods:Eleven patients (5 males and 6 females, ranging from 22 to 41 years old) with cicatricial alopecia caused by burn or tumor excision in Shanghai Mylike Cosmetic Hospital from October 2017 to August 2019. All patients were treated with hair transplantation combined with SVF GEL assisted fat transplantation according to their scar areas.Results:Patients were followed up for 11 months on average, their hair grew well, with significantly improved appearances and no obvious complications. Hair follicle detection system was used to analyze the hair density after transplantation. The average survival rate reached 90.26% in accompany with desirable patients＇ satisfactory rates.Conclusions:Excellent results can be achieved by conducting hair transplantation combined with SVF GEL assisted fat transplantation in treating cicatricial alopecia, which is worth clinical application.

Foliculitis decalvante y disecante. reporte de cuatro casos clínicos / Folliculitis decalvans and dissecting folliculitis.report of four clinics cases

RESUMEN Las alopecias cicatrizales comprenden un grupo heterogéneo de trastornos, que dan lugar a la pérdida permanente del pelo. Se distinguen las alopecias primarias, en las que el folículo piloso es el blanco específico del proceso destructor y las alopecias secundarias, que son el resultado de una destrucción no específica. Dentro del primer grupo se encuentran, las denominadas alopecias del tipo neutrofílicas, entre ellas:las foliculitisdecalvante y foliculitisdisecante o perifoliculitiscapitisabscedens et suffodiens. Se presentan a continuación, cuatro casos clínicos, tres con diagnóstico de foliculitisdecalvante y uno con foliculitisdisecante, en pacientes de sexo masculino, en edades comprendidas entre 21-39 años, con un retardo en el diagnóstico clínico-patológico entre 8 y 36 meses. Dos de ellos, obtuvieron una buena respuesta al tratamiento con isotretinoína vía oral, mientras que dos no regresaron a la consulta, por lo que se desconoce su evolución. Motiva este reporte,destacar la importancia de comunicar la necesidad deun diagnóstico precoz, con la finalidad de ofrecerles a los pacientes una respuesta terapéutica satisfactoria.

SUMMARY The cicatricialalopeciasinclude a heterogeneous group of disorders that lead to permanent hair loss. Primary alopecias are distinguished, in which the hair follicle is the specific target of the destructive process, and secondary alopecias, that are the result of a non-specific destruction. Within the first group are the so-called neutrophilic type alopecias, consisting of the folliculitis decalvans and dissecting folliculitis or perifolliculitis capitis abscedens et suffodiens. Four clinical cases are presented below, three of them being diagnosed with folliculitis decalvans and one with dissecting folliculitis, in male patients, aged between 21-39 years, having a delay in clinical-pathological diagnosis between 8 and 36 months. Among these, two obtained a good response to treatment with isotretinoin orally, while the other pair did not return to the consultation, so their evolution is unknown.This report motivates the need for an early diagnosis in order to offer patients a satisfactory therapeutic response, which does not occur in later stages.

Direct immunofluorescence findings in cicatricial alopecia: A retrospective study of 155 cases

Objectives: To study the direct immunofluorescence (DIF) in cicatricial alopecia (CA) patients. Materials and Methods: Approximately, 155 skin biopsies from CA patients examined over 7 years (2009–2015). Special stains and Hematoxylin and Eosin were performed, and final histopathological diagnosis was made. DIF (against anti-IgG, IgM, C3, IgA, and fibrinogen) on all these cases and patterns were noted. The descriptive statistics were applied along with ANOVA test. Results: Approximately, 155 patients with Male: Female = 1.24:1, age 7–65 years. In total, 57 cases were of Lichen planopilaris (LPP; 36.7%), 22 Lichen planus (LP; 14.2%), 22 Psuedopalade of Brocq (PPB; 14.2%),16 discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE; 10.3%), 8 end-stage scarring alopecia (ESSA; 5.2%), 2 cases each of Fungal folliculitis (FF), and Folliculitis decalvans (FD; 1.3% each), and in 26 cases, no specific diagnosis could be reached were collectively kept in the category of non-specific findings (NSP; 16.7%). On DIF: LPP positive for IgG = 4 cases (7%), IgM = 26 (45%), IgA = 11 (19.3%), C3 = 16 (28.1%), and fibrinogen = 11 (19.3%). LP positive for IgG = 2 (9%), IgM = 18 (81%), IgA = 2 (9.1%), C3 = 10 (45%), and fibrinogen = 1 (4.5%). DLE positive for IgG = 6 (37%), IgM = 8 (50%), IgA = 1 (6.3%), C3 = 9 (56%), and fibrinogen = 1 (4.5%). Limitations: Because this was a retrospective study, clinical follow-up and treatment history of the patient could not be retrieved. Conclusions: IgG positivity helps significantly in differentiating LPP from DLE (P 0.004) and NSP from DLE (P 0.005). IgM positivity helps significantly in differentiating LPP from LP (P 0.04), LP from PPB (P 0.00) and NSP (P 0.00). C3 positivity helps significantly in differentiating PPB from DLE (P 0.02).

Application of controllable hair density of eyebrow reconstruction with the treatment of scar baldness during the same operation stage / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective To explore a method of eyebrow reconstruction which can control eyebrows,and to repair scar baldness in the same operation stage.Methods Operations were performed in two stages.In the first stage,an expander was placed under the scalp at the same side of the defect eyebrow through the direction of the superficial temporal artery.Other expanders were placed around the scar baldness.After the incision healed,water was injected into the expander.During the expansion,the scalp hair density was approaching the uninjured eyebrow side.Then the second stage operation was prepared:an island flap with superficial temporal artery as axial artery was harvested and the expander was extracted.The subcutaneous tunnel was made in the temporal region of the eyebrow defect side.The expanded superficial temporal artery island scalp flap was passed through the tunnel and transferred to the defect eyebrow area to repair the eyebrow.After incising the scar baldness,the left expanded scalp flaps were transferred to cover the wound.Results 12 patients underwent this method of eyebrow reconstruction with scar baldness,all island scalp flaps survived,with no case of flap necrosis.After 6-24 months of follow-up,the hair density of the reconstructed eyebrows was very close to that of the uninjured side,without excessive thickening or excessive rarefaction.The scalp scars were small and can be shaded by the hair.All patients were satisfied with the operation.Conclusions The method of controllable hair density of eyebrow reconstruction with the treatment of scar baldness has good effects on reconstructing eyebrow defect and scar baldness.It is simple,economic and suitable for further application.

A Case of Microcystic Adnexal Carcinoma with Secondary Cicatricial Alopecia / 대한피부과학회지

Microcystic adnexal carcinoma (MAC) was first described in 1982 by Goldstein. Considered a rare malignant skin appendageal tumor, it is often underdiagnosed due to its clinical and histopathological resemblance to other cutaneous neoplasms. MAC is locally aggressive with infiltration of perineural spaces, subcutaneous tissue, skeletal muscles, and so on. Aggressive treatment including wide local excision, Mohs micrographic surgery, or radiation therapy is necessary owing to the high recurrence rate. Herein, we report a case of a 47-year-old Korean woman with a skin-colored hardened plaque on the scalp with a clinical diagnosis of cicatricial alopecia and histopathological diagnosis of MAC. After treatment by Mohs micrographic surgery, the patient is being followed up regularly without any sign of recurrence. This case demonstrates an uncommon topography of MAC on the scalp with secondary cicatricial alopecia and highlights the need for awareness of the potential for MAC in the diagnosis of alopecia with a slow-growing tumor.

Síndrome Graham-Little-Piccardi-Lasseur: a propósito de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Graham-Little-Piccardi-Lasseur syndrome: about a case and review of the literature

El Síndrome Graham-Little-Piccardi-Lasseur (GLPLS) corresponde a una variante clínica del llamado Liquen plano pilar y se caracteriza por presentar alopecia cicatrizal progresiva de cuero cabelludo con las características del Liquen plano pilar, alopecia no cicatrizal que compromete axilas y pubis, y erupción folicular liquenoide en tronco, extremidades, cara y/o cejas. Presentamos el caso de una paciente de 19 años que ha sido diagnosticada con GLPLS y cuyo curso ha sido de difícil manejo.

The Graham-Little-Piccardi-Lasseur Syndrome (GLPLS) corresponds to a clinical variant of Lichen planopilaris and is characterized by progressive scarring scalp alopecia with features of flat lichen, non-scarring alopecia localized in the armpits and pubis, and lichenoid follicular eruption in trunk, extremities, face and / or eyebrows. We present the case of a 19-year-old female patient who has been diagnosed with GLPLS and whose course has been difficult to manage.

Alopecia por tração simulando alopecia cicatricial central centrífuga: importante diagnóstico diferencial em pacientes melanodérmicos / Traction alopecia simulating central cicatricial centrifugal alopecia: important differential diagnosis in melanodermic patients

Introdução: A alopecia por tração (AT) e a alopecia cicatricial central centrífuga (ACCC) merecem destaque nas afecções capilares que acometem pacientes melanodérmicos, por serem atribuídas a penteados, produtos químicos, equipamentos e/ou acessórios utilizados para tratamento capilar estético. Constituem um importante diagnóstico diferencial diante de suas características clínicas e dermatoscópicas. Relatamos um caso de AT cujo diagnóstico foi dificultado pelas características clínicoepidemiológicas compatíveis com ACCC. Relato do caso: Paciente feminina, 51 anos, melanodérmica, com queixa de queda de cabelos em vértice e região parietal. Antecedentes de uso de tinturas e alisamentos capilares. A dermatoscopia mostrou número total de fios terminais diminuídos, áreas sem hastes. O exame histopatológico de biópsia confirmou diagnóstico compatível com alopecia por tração. Foi realizado o esclarecimento da paciente com relação aos fatores causais e prescrição de minoxidil 5%, uma vez ao dia. Resultados: Após três meses houve repilação parcial. Conclusão: Os achados histopatológicos foram de fundamental importância para a elucidação diagnóstica do caso em questão, devido à topografia acometida, que tipicamente está afetada na ACCC. Para que o diagnóstico falasse a favor de ACCC o exame histopatológico deveria apresentar um infiltrado linfocítico desde as porções mais profundas do folículo piloso terminal até a porção superior do istmo. Áreas de fibrose podem ser encontradas em ambas as entidades clínicas.

A Case of Cicatricial Traction Alopecia due to Wearing a Hairpin / 대한피부과학회지

The term "traction alopecia" refers to hair loss resulting from excessive hair pulling, usually on the scalp periphery. The most common causes of traction alopecia are hairstyles that cause tension and use of hair extensions or curlers. Several case reports suggest that the long-term use of a hairpin can also induce traction alopecia. A 39-year old nun presented with asymptomatic severe patches of hair loss on both temples, where hairpins had been applied for 7~8 years in conformance with her employment uniform. Histological examination showed absence of hair follicles, and several fibrous tracks replacing hair follicles. Although there was no significant inflammatory response, cicatricial change was evident. To our knowledge, there has been no report of cicatricial traction alopecia induced by hairpin wearing in the Korean literature. Herein, we report a case of cicatricial traction alopecia caused by hairpin wearing and review the relevant literature.

Alopecia na mulher / Alopecia in women

Alopecias são doenças que se caracterizam pela redução ou ausência de cabelos e/ou pelos. Os fenômenos básicos que dão origem aos vários quadros clínicos possíveis podem ser: queda acelerada dos fios e/ou involução dos folículos pilosos (alopecias não cicatriciais). Existe ainda outro grupo de alopecias em que a lesão fundamental é cicatriz e fibrose na região do folículo piloso (alopecias cicatriciais). As doenças que provocam queda anormal dos cabelos e pelos são aquelas que alteram o ciclo capilar em alguma das suas fases (anágena, catágena ou telógena). Possuem essa característica o eflúvio telógeno, o eflúvio anágeno e a alopecia areata (AA). Já o quadro clínico da alopecia androgenética é provocado, fundamentalmente, pela involução dos folículos pilosos por mecanismo hormonal. O tratamento é individualizado para cada tipo de alopecia e, ainda, deve-se avaliar as características individuais de cada paciente, como sexo, idade, tempo de evolução da alopecia e expectativas individuais de cada um.

What’s new in cicatricial alopecia.

Scalp hairs complete the body self-image and patients with alopecia suffer from overt disfi guration, leading to psychosocial embarrassment and signifi cant lack of self-esteem. Hence an early diagnosis and an aggressive treatment in the case of active hair loss are crucial in the management of scarring alopecia. This review presents a comprehensive study of newer theories in aetiopathogenesis, evolving diagnostic modalities and a step ladder approach in management of primary cicatricial alopecia.

Estudio retrospectivo de pacientes con alopecia fibrosante frontal / Retrospective study of patients with frontal fibrosing alopecia

Introducción: La alopecia fibrosante frontal, considerada por algunos autores como un subtipo de liquen plano pilaris, corresponde a una alopecia cicatricial primaria, que se presenta en mujeres adultas y se caracteriza por el retroceso simétrico de la línea de implantación fronto temporal. Se presenta un estudio descriptivo de pacientes con Alopecía fibrosante frontal atendidos en este centro. Objetivos: Evaluar características clínicas, dermatoscópicas e histopatológicas de pacientes con alopecia fibrosante frontal. Materiales y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo de pacientes con diagnóstico clínico-histopatológico de alopecia fibrosante frontal atendidos en nuestro centro desde Julio 2010 a Octubre 2012. Resultados: Se encontraron 57 casos con diagnóstico histológico de alopecia cicatricial, de los cuales 8 (14 por ciento) se diagnosticaron como Alopecia Fibrosante Frontal. El 100 por ciento correspondieron a mujeres, el promedio de edad fue de 45 años. Sólo la mitad de los casos comenzó con la alopecia luego del climaterio. El hallazgo clínico más frecuentemente encontrado fue el retroceso de la línea de implantación frontotemporal (87,5 por ciento); y en segundo lugar la disminución difusa de densidad capilar (37,5 por ciento) y alopecia de la cola de las cejas (50 por ciento). No se reportó ningún caso asociado a liquen plano cutáneo o de mucosas. Los hallazgos más relevantes a la dermatoscopía fueron: eritema perifolicular (50 por ciento) e hiperqueratosis folicular (25 por ciento). A la histopatología, los principales hallazgos fueron el infiltrado inflamatorio linfocitario perifolicular (50 por ciento) y fibrosis concéntrica perifolicular (100 por ciento). Discusión: La Alopecia fibrosante frontalrepresenta el 14 por ciento de las alopecias cicatriciales primarias en nuestra serie. La edad al diagnóstico fue inferior a lo reportado en la literatura. El principal hallazgo clínico fue el retroceso de la línea de implantación frontotemporal...

Introduction: Frontal fibrosing alopecia, considered by some authors as a subtype of lichen planopilaris, is a scarring alopecia that usually involves adult women and is characterized by the symmetric recession of fronto-temporal hairline. Objectives: Characterize the clinical, dermoscopic and histological features of frontal fibrosing alopecia. Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of patients with clinical and histological diagnosis of Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia treated in our institution from July 2010 to October2012. Results: 8 out of 57 cases with histological diagnosis of scarring alopecia, had diagnosis of frontal fibrosing alopecia (14 percent). 100 percent were women, with mean age of 45 years. 50 percent of patients began with alopecia in the post-climacteric period. Recession of frontotemporal hair-line was the most common finding (87.5 percent), associated with reduced capillary density (37.5 percent) and loss of eyebrows (50 percent). In our study, none of the patients had other signs of lichen planus. At dermoscopy, most common finding were perifollicular erythema (50 percent) and follicular hyperkeratosis (25 percent). Most common histological findings were a perifollicular lymphocytic inflammatory infiltrate (50 percent) and perifollicular concentric fibrosis (100 percent). Discussion: Frontal fibrosing alopecia represents 14 percent of scarring alopecia in our series. Age at diagnosis was lower than reported in the literature, and only 50 percent of women presented alopecia in the postmenopausal period. The main clinical finding was the recession of frontotemporal hairline...

Cicatricial Alopecia Caused by the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitor, Gefitinib / 대한피부과학회지

Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors (EGFRIs) are new anticancer agents that act by inhibiting EGFR signaling transduction pathways, thus decreasing tumor growth. They have made anti-cancer treatment more tolerable and have also reduced systemic side effects. However, they have many cutaneous side effects. Alopecia is an uncommon cutaneous side effect of EGFRIs, and cicatricial alopecia has been reported more rarely. A 59-year-old woman presented with itching and hair loss on the scalp, which started 2 months ago. She had been taking gefitinib for 7 months. A physical examination revealed localized erythematous hairless patches with scattered thick crusts on the scalp. Histopathologic examination showed a decreased number of hair follicles with perifollicular lymphocytes infiltration and perifollicular fibrosis, consistent with a scarring alopecia. We report a rare and interesting case of cicatricial alopecia after using the EGFRI, gefitinib.

Kerion: a importância da sua diferenciação com infecção bacteriana do couro cabeludo: relato de caso / Kerion: the importance of differentiating it from scalp's bacterial infection: case report

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Kerion é uma infecção fúngica inflamatória dos folículos do couro cabeludo e pele ao redor, com aumento de linfonodos regionais. É causada frequentemente por fungos geofílicos e zoofílicos, porém há casos descritos por dermatófitos antropofílicos. Caracteriza-se por placa dolorosa, provocada por intensa reação inflamatória com aparecimento de supuração. Há queda de cabelos, podendo evoluir para alopécia cicatricial definitiva. O objetivo deste estudo foi alertar os médicos quanto ao diagnóstico de kerion em crianças que apresentam placa supurativa em couro cabeludo, diferenciando de infecções bacterianas, já que o tratamento é diferente e o diagnóstico tardio da infecção fúngica pode acarretar alopécia cicatricial.RELATO DO CASO: Paciente do sexo masculino, 5 anos,foi referenciado ao serviço de Dermatologia para avaliação de lesão em placa supurativa no couro cabeludo com evolução de aproximadamente 14 dias. Não apresentava doenças imunossupressoras e não havia história de trauma nem de contato com animais. Referia apenas que brincava frequentemente em contato com terra. Ao exame físico: lesão em placa na região occipitoparietal esquerda eritematosa, dolorosa, com intensa supuração e queda de cabelos localizada, medindo aproximadamente 4 cm de diâmetro. Ausência de drenagem e flutuação. Também apresentava linfonodomegaliacervical posterior esquerda, móvel, indolor, sem drenagem ou hiperemia.CONCLUSÃO: Kerion é uma tinea capitis inflamatória que pode ser confundida com diferentes infecções bacterianas. O diagnóstico é realizado através do exame micológico direto e cultura, podendo ser auxiliado pelo uso da luz de Wood.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Kerion is an inflammatory fungal infection of the scalp and surrounding skin follicles,with an increase in regional lymph nodes. It is often caused by zoophilic and geophilic fungi, however, there are cases described by anthropophilic dermatophytes. It is characterizedby a painful plaque, caused by intense inflammatory reaction with development of suppuration. There is hair loss, which can develop permanent cicatricial alopecia. The objective of this study was to warn doctors regarding Kerion diagnosis in children who present suppurative scalp plaque, differentiating it from bacterial infections, since it requests different treatment, and the late diagnosis of fungal infection may cause permanent cicatricial alopecia.CASE REPORT: Male patient, 5 years-old, was sent to the Dermatology service for evaluation of a suppurative plaque lesion on the scalp with approximately 14 days of development. He had no immunosuppressive diseases and no history of trauma or animal contact. He simply states that often plays in contact with soil. On physical examination: erythematous, painful, with intense suppuration and localized hair loss plaque lesion on the left occipitoparietal region,measuring approximately 4 cm in diameter. There is no drainage or fluctuation. He did also presented painless and movable left posterior cervical lymphadenomegaly without drainage or hyperemia.CONCLUSION: Kerion is an inflammatory tinea capitis that can be confused with various different bacterial infections. The diagnosis is made through direct mycological exam and culture, and it can be aided by the utilization of Wood's lamp.

Folluculitis Decalvans of the Scalp: Improvement with Intralesional Injection of Triamcinolone Acetonide and Oral Isotretinoin / 대한피부과학회지

No abstract available.

A Case of Cicatricial Alopecia Associated with Erlotinib

Erlotinib is a small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Erlotinib has been used primarily to treat non-small cell lung cancer. In addition to its role in tumor cells, EGFR is also an important regulator of growth and differentiation in the skin and hair. Therefore, EGFR-TKIs have been associated with a number of cutaneous side effects including follicular acneiform eruptions, cutaneous xerosis, chronic paronychia, desquamation, seborrheic dermatitis, and hair texture changes. Herein, we report a rare case of a 61-year-old woman who was treated with erlotinib and experienced cicatricial alopecia.

Secondary Cicatricial Alopecia due to Morphea Involved in Frontoparietal Area through the Eyebrow / 대한피부과학회지

Morphea, a subclass of localized scleroderma, is a connective tissue disorder limited to the skin and subcutaneous tissue. We report herein a case of secondary cicatricial alopecia due to morphea, which showed very unusual site and clinical manifestations. A 24-year-old woman presented to the department of dermatology with a solitary skin-colored patch on the frontoparietal area through the eyebrow. The histopathologic findings showed hydrophic changes of the basal cells in the epidermis. In addition, there were broadened, compact, eosinophilic collagen fibers and perifollicular lymphocytic infiltration with loss of elastic fibers and adnexal structures in the entire dermis. On the basis of clinical and pathological findings, she was diagnosed with secondary cicatricial alopecia due to morphea on the frontoparietal area through the eyebrow.

A Case of Lichen Planopilaris on the Occiput / 대한피부과학회지

Lichen planopilaris is a follicular variant of lichen planus. When it appears on the scalp and is accompanied with hair loss, it is classified into a subtype of cicatrical alopecia. And lichen planopilaris can be classified into classic lichen planopilaris, frontal fibrosing alopecia, Graham-Little syndrome. A 63-year-old man presented with a 3-year history of hair loss on the area of occipital skin and 3-week history of pruritic, confluent, purple-colored, flat-topped papules on the same area with decreased follicular ostium. Histopathological findings showed both characteristics of the cicatricial alopecia and those of lichen planus; Loss of the hair follicles, atrophy of the sebaceous gland and sweat gland, and bandlike inflammatory infiltration on the upper dermis, especially on the perifollicular and interfollicular area.

A Case of Sclerodermatous Chronic Graft versus Host Disease Associated with Cicatricial Alopecia / 대한피부과학회지

Cutaneous chronic graft versus host disease (GVHD) has been classified into lichenoid and scleroderma-like forms. However, some atypical cutaneous manifestation may be prevalent. A 9-year-old boy was diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in March 2004 and underwent unrelated matched bone marrow transplantation (uBMT) in February 2005. However, one month after transplantation, he started suffering from acute GVHD. After clinical recovery, extensive sclerotic patch or plaque with alopecia developed. The scalp biopsy showed atrophy of the epidermis, inflammatory cell infiltration and sclerosis in the dermis which were consistent with cicatricial alopecia. We report a case of sclerodermatous chronic cutaneous GVHD showing cicatricial alopecia.