ABSTRACT
Aims@#Wax apple is an important fruit crop in Malaysia and other tropical countries. However, the black spot disease caused by Lasiodoplodia theobromae can damage the wax apple plants, reducing fruit production and quality. Chemical fungicides are commonly used to overcome this disease. However, their overuse might increase fungal resistance to chemicals. Therefore, this study was aimed to evaluate the in vitro antifungal properties of an Aloe vera film incorporated with cinnamon oil on L. theobromae in wax apples.@*Methodology and results@#In vitro antifungal tests were conducted using the poisoned food. This present study found that the inhibition of L. theobromae mycelia when treated with A. vera film with different percentages of cinnamon oil was significantly different compared to the control film at (P<0.05). Results suggest that A. vera film without cinnamon oil showed the highest percentage of inhibition (37.31%) than other films with cinnamon oil due to the antagonistic and less synergistic effect. However, A. vera film with 0.07% of cinnamon oil showed the highest percentage of mycelia inhibition (36.15%) compared to the film with 0.06%, 0.05% and 0.04% cinnamon oil, with mycelia inhibition of 30.55%, 24.25% and 18.82%, respectively, while the mancozeb (positive control) showed 100% inhibition.@*Conclusion, significance and impact of study@#In conclusion, A. vera film alone had 37.31% inhibition compared to 36.15% inhibition in A. vera film with 0.7% cinnamon oil. As a result, a tiny amount of cinnamon oil added to the mixture might aid in controlling the black spot disease in wax fruits.
Subject(s)
Antifungal Agents , Aloe , Oils, Volatile , Plant ExtractsABSTRACT
Nanotechnology is an emerging science which is associated with the synthesis of nanoparticles mediated with different chemical compositions in variable sizes and its application in health science for human benefit. We wanted to synthesize cinnamon oil mediated gold nanoparticles and evaluate their cytotoxicity using Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay. METHODS1 mL of cinnamon oil was dissolved in 9 mL of distilled water and kept in a beaker. 90 mL of 1 mM Gold chloride in distilled water was added, mixed and kept in an orbital shaker for nanoparticle synthesis. Color change was noted which indicated the presence of nanoparticles. Preparation of cinnamon oil mediated gold nanoparticles was confirmed using a UV-visible spectrophotometry and the size and shape of the nanoparticles was assessed using Scanning Electron Microscope. Varying concentrations of the synthesized gold nanoparticles was added in separate wells containing live brine shrimp (Artemia salina) and left undisturbed for 24 hours, after which the number of live shrimp larvae was counted in each well to assess the cytotoxicity. RESULTSCinnamon oil mediated gold nanoparticles were synthesized. Gold nanoparticles were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscope and were 50 nm in diameter. Brine Shrimp Lethality was done and the cytotoxicity of theses gold nanoparticles was found to be increasing with increasing concentration of the administered gold nanoparticles. CONCLUSIONSThe study concludes that evaluating the safety levels is of utmost importance prior to administration of nanoparticles for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes as there was a dose dependent cytotoxicity with cinnamon oil mediated gold nanoparticles.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate the applicability of the spray-dried microspheres of vinyl pyrrolidone/vinyl acetate copolymer VA64-Soluplus for inclusion of cinnamon oil (CO) and compare with traditional inclusion technology of β-cyclodextrin. Methods: HPLC was used to determine the encapsulation rate of inclusion complex. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the inclusion complex; The dissolution and stability of the inclusion complex was investigated by in vitro release test and accelerated stability test; The pharmacokinetic and analgesic efficacy tests were used to examine the bioavailability and efficacy of the inclusion complex. Results: The encapsulation rate of microsphere inclusion complex and β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex was (98.38 ± 0.30)% and (86.51 ± 0.52)%, respectively. Observation of the inclusion complex under TEM showed a uniform spherical-like structure with uniform dispersion; Observation under SEM showed that the inclusion complex was spherical with a concave surface; The endothermic peak of volatile oil of cinnamon in DSC and the diffraction peak in XRD disappeared. The cinnamon volatile oil was dispersed in theinclusion complex in the form of non-aggregation; The cumulative release rates of cinnamon volatile oil, microsphere inclusion complex and β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex in in vitro dissolution experiments were 97.05%, 93.36% and 80.26%, respectively; Accelerated stability test at 60 ℃ showed that the loss rate of volatile oil of microsphere inclusion complex was significantly lower than that of cinnamon volatile oil and β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex; Pharmacokinetics showed that the AUC0-∞ of cinnamon essential oil, microsphere inclusion complex and β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex were basically the same; Pharmacodynamics showed that the analgesic rates of cinnamon volatile oil in the three groups were 53.0%, 47.5% and 21.1%, respectively. Conclusion: The stability of cinnamon volatile oil was enhanced by the combination of spray-dried microspheres of vinyl pyrrolidone/vinyl acetate copolymer VA64-Soluplus. The in vitro release, bioavailability and analgesic efficacy of microsphere were basically consistent with the volatile oil of cinnamon volatile oil, and it was superior to the inclusion compound of β-cyclodextrin. The vinyl pyrrolidone/vinyl acetate copolymer VA64-Soluplus microsphere inclusion compound had better water solubility. This study provides a new method for the inclusion of volatile oil.
ABSTRACT
Abstract INTRODUCTION: Essential oils can serve as novel sources of antibiotics for multidrug-resistant bacteria. METHODS: The multidrug-resistance profile of a Klebsiella aerogenes strain was assessed by PCR and sequencing. The antibacterial activity of Cinnamomum cassia essential oil (CCeo) against K. aerogenes was assessed by broth microdilution and time-kill methods. RESULTS: K. aerogenes showed high antibiotic resistance. The genes bla KPC-2, ampC, bla CTX-M-15, bla OXA-1, and bla TEM were present. CCeo exhibited an inhibitory effect with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 17.57 μg/mL. CONCLUSIONS: The antibacterial activity of CCeo makes it a potential candidate for treating carbapenem- and polymyxin-resistant K. aerogenes strains.
Subject(s)
Humans , Klebsiella Infections/drug therapy , Enterobacter aerogenes , Cinnamomum aromaticum , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , beta-Lactamases , Oils, Volatile , Carbapenems , Polymyxins , Klebsiella pneumoniaeABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate the oil yield, components and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Cinnamomi Cortex from different growth environments and growth years. Methods: Cinnamon oil was extracted by steam distillation, the chemical components were separated and identified by GC-MS, and the relative content of each component was determined by area normalization. The diameter of the inhibition zone and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were measured using filter paper method and micro dilution method. The antimicrobial effect of seven copies of cinnamon oil on three common pathogens of respiratory tract were evaluated. Results: The highest oil yield was 10-year-old cinnamon (6.41%), the lowest was 20-year-old (1.75%), and sparse planting (4.48%) was the best among 15-year-old cinnamon. A total of 44 compounds were identified in the seven samples. The major common components with a relative content of more than 1% were trans-cinnamaldehyde (16.23%-73.08%), α-copaene (7.39%-41.70%), β-cadinene (2.22%-12.30%), and α-muurolene (1.00%-9.16%). The antibacterial experiments showed that essential oil of cinnamon from different growth environments and growth years had obvious inhibitory effect on the tested strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, but weaker inhibitory effect on Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Among them, volatile oil of 15-year-old sparse planting and close planting cinnamon had better antimicrobial activity. Conclusion: Oil yield, essential oils components and antimicrobial activity of cinnamon were affected by growth environments and growth years. Cinnamon oil contains other effective antimicrobial components besides cinnamaldehyde and α-copaene.
ABSTRACT
To compare the penetration-enhancing effect of cinnamon oil and its main components (cinnamaldehyde) on ibuprofen and their self-percutaneous absorption behavior in vitro. Firstly, cinnamon oil was extracted by steam distillation, then the compositions were analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and the cinnamaldehyde content in cinnamon oil was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). With azone as positive control, ibuprofen as model drug, cinnamon oil and cinnamaldehyde as penetration enhancers (PE) were prepared and administered to the SD rat's abdominal skin. The penetration-enhancing effects of cinnamon oil and cinnamaldehyde and their own transdermal absorption properties were compared. The results showed that yield of cinnamon oil was (3.55±0.36)% (=3), and the cinnamaldehyde content in cinnamon oil was (73.48±0.21)% (=3). As compared with blank group, the enhancing rate (ER) of cinnamon oil, cinnamaldehyde, and azone was 3.56, 1.13, 2.47 respectively. The cumulative penetration rate of cinnamaldehyde in cinnamon oil and cinnamaldehyde monomer in 24 h was (63.30±0.98)%, (51.03±3.34)% (=4) respectively. The penetration-enhancing effect of cinnamon oil was significantly better than that of cinnamaldehyde, indicating the existence of muti-component synergy. The penetration rate of cinnamaldehyde in cinnamon oil was higher than that of cinnamaldehyde monomer, suggesting that a "pull effect" may be present.