ABSTRACT
Abstract Pesticides, as Temephos and Roundup, and surfactants, like Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS), when discharged into the environment, are harmful to non-target wildlife, especially fish. To evaluate the effects of those chemicals alone and their binary combinations, we assessed the histological alterations in Danio rerio gills after 15 days of exposure to Temephos (1ppm), Roundup (10ppm), SDS (2ppm), SDS plus Temephos (2ppm+1ppm), SDS plus Roundup (2ppm+10ppm) and Temephos plus Roundup (1ppm+10ppm). Hyperplasia, a regressive change, was significant in all exposed groups. The progressive change, complete fusion of lamellae, was significantly intensive in Roundup plus Temephos group. Regarding circulatory disturbances, vascular congestion was significant intensive in SDS group, while severe aneurysm was observed in Roundup group. Although xenobiotics in the blend are biologically complex, mainly for long periods, combinatorial exposure incremented only complete fusion of lamellae. Our results reinforce the rationalization of indiscriminate use of those compounds alone or in combination.
ABSTRACT
The intrachoroidal changes in Harada's disease were studied by indocyanine green(ICG)angiography. ICG angiography using confocal laser scanning ophthalmoscope (Heidelberg Retina Angiograph, HRA)and fluorescein angiography were performed in 12 eyes of 6 patients during the acute stage before the initiation of corticosteroid treatment and recovery stage, and the findings were evaluated retrospectively. During the acute stage, early phase HRA images disclosed a dark background fluorescence in all eyes due to the diffuse filling delay and the vague contour of choroidal vessels. In the midphase, Intrachoroidal hyperfluorescence resulting from vascular leakage and scattered hypofluorescent spots were intermingled, and in some eyes patchy hypofluorescence representing focal filling defect was observed. These choroidal changes could be observed before any visible retinal changes appeared. During the recovery stage, choroidal filling was more rapid and choroidal vessels were more clearly visible. However the scattered hypofluorescent spots due to the blockage by the inflammatory precipitates were still observed in small numbers, and in some eyes focal vascular leakage remained. According to these findings, we hypothesize the pathogenesis of Harada`s disease as follows. Severe inflammatory precipitates and vascular leakage can make the choroid edematous with highly viscous fluid. It adds mechanical damage to choroidal vessels already injured by the inflammatory process, leading to reversible circulatory disturbances. The retinal pigment epithelium and the sensory retina may be damaged secondarily.