A STUDY ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VARIOUS DIMENSIONS OF E- PAYMENT SYSTEM WITH DIFFERENT BENEFITS OF E-PAYMENT SYSTEM TO THE STAKEHOLDERS

The implementation of digital payment mechanism has changed the basics of money payment as a medium of exchange. The revolutionary changes that happened in the Information Communication Technology (ICT) has paved the way for drastic changes in various spheres of activities such as government to citizens government to business government to government government to employee and government to foreign trade. In line with the developments that have been taking place across the world in Electronic Payment System (EPS) changes have taken place in the UAE also. The rulers of the country are keen in establishing a high-tech oriented EPS system supported by the platform of knowledge management (KM) system. The study is an effort to explore various dimensions of EPS such as security speed ease of payment convenience and control and its importance in generating various bene?ts to the stakeholders in the form of value driven bene?ts citizen driven bene?ts economic cost driven bene?ts and technology driven bene?ts. The study attempts to ?nd out the relationship between various dimensions of EPS on stakeholders bene?t in the UAE.

Perception of Indian citizens regarding lockdown during COVID-19 pandemic in the Indian context

Background: In response to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the government of India declared a lockdown on March 24, 2020. This affected the daily life of citizens, influencing the availability of daily needs. There was a diverse opinion among public health experts regarding the implementation of the lockdown. Therefore, this study was planned to assess the perceptions and to study the effects of lockdown and challenges faced by Indian citizens during the lockdown imposed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among Indian citizens above 18 years old using the snowball sampling method. Data were collected through Google forms containing a semistructured questionnaire. Results: Of 464 participants, 61.85% of them reported that lockdown is necessary to contain the spread of the coronavirus infection; 50.43% had a negative effect on their job; and felt mental health problems like anxiety, lack of sleep, stress due to increased workload, and the feeling of separated from family. Conclusion: According to the majority of participants, the lockdown was necessary to contain the spread of the pandemic. Participants who faced different problems also found ways to overcome them in a positive way.

Reflection on Civic Moral Responsibility in Epidemic Prevention and Control from the Perspective of Public Health Ethics / 中国医学伦理学

Public health ethics considered that citizens have moral responsibilities at three levels of individual, society and nation in maintaining public health. In the epidemic prevention and control, civic responsibility performing faces ethical conflicts between individual rights and public good, such as individual freedom and government intervention, individual health and anti-epidemic, individual need satisfaction and social equity, individual responsibility performing and mechanism barriers. In response to these ethical conflicts, precise measures should be taken from the four levels of the country, government, society and citizens: the state should establish and improve legal norms and emergency mechanism of public health ethics, the government should strengthen public health value guidance and emergency capability, the society should improve the cognition and practice level of public health ethics, and citizens should correctly recognize the relationship between individual rights and public good in public health. It is of great significance for removing obstacles for citizens to fulfill their responsibilities and creating a good environment to fulfill their responsibilities.

Adaptation needs and concerns of senior citizens living in old age homes

Context: Adaptation needs of senior citizens are not well explored in research, especially among people living in old age homes situated in developing countries like India. Aim: The aim of the study was to understand the needs and concerns of senior citizens living in old age homes and its effect on their adaptation. Subjects and Methods: Using the purposive sampling method, fifteen residents of an old age home and their three caregivers were interviewed to describe their views and experiences. The tools used were the Montreal Cognitive Assessment and an in-depth interview schedule. Statistical Analysis: Qualitative data were analyzed using Atlas ti. 7 for identifying major themes and subthemes. Results: The results showed that the major needs and concerns of senior citizens were unmet medical needs, difficulty to handle negative attitudes of staff, difficulty to adapt with new environment and culture, and emotional issues. Conclusion: Findings indicate the importance of addressing the adaptation needs of the elderly living in old age homes.

Classification and analysis of three types of blood donors based on local resident population / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To provide reference for fine management of blood donors by classifying and analyzing different types of blood donors from domestic blood stations. 【Methods】 The resident population of 15 regions in China from 2016 to 2019 were taken as the research object, among which the blood donors were divided into three categories: age-eligible citizens, registered donors and donated donors. The average value and proportion of the three categories were calculated and statistically analyzed. 【Results】 The resident population of the 15 regions varied greatly. The mean 95% CI of the proportion of age-eligible citizens to resident population from 2016 to 2019 was (60.16%, 67.84%); registered donors to age-eligible citizens and resident population was (2.21%, 2.86%) and (1.41%, 1.79%), respectively; donated donors to registered donors, age-eligible citizens and resident population was (84.63%, 91.68%), (1.93%, 2.55%) and(1.23%, 1.59%), respectively. 【Conclusion】 There were differences in the number and proportion of different types of blood donors in different regions. The fine management of blood donors can help blood stations carry out more effective recruitment and retention strategies.

Condición física saludable y su relación con habilidades básicas para la independencia del adulto mayor / Healthy physical condition and its relationship with basic skills for the independence of the senior citizen / Condição física saúdavel e sua relação com habilidades básicas para a independência do idoso

Resumen Introducción: se estudia la relación entre la condición física saludable y algunas habilidades básicas para la independencia de las personas mayores del municipio de La Plata, Argentina, desde el año 2015 al 2018. Hipótesis: Las personas adultas mayores que tienen mejor condición física tienen mayor independencia para las actividades de la vida diaria básicas. Métodos: se aplicó el test de Barthel para medir las habilidades para la vida diaria en adultos mayores. Se midió la fuerza máxima de prensión con dinamómetro, y se tomaron las pruebas "velocidad de la marcha" y "time up and go", para evaluar condición física. Se calculó correlación, coeficiente de determinación. Resultados: 91 adultos mayores, 25 hombres, 64 mujeres. Edad: 74,81±9,38, peso: 69,99±19,09, talla: 155±13,06. A medida que aumentó la edad, la fuerza máxima disminuyó significativamente (r-0,40 R2 0,16, p<0,05). La fuerza muscular es significativamente mayor en personas que son independientes que en aquellas que tienen algún grado de dependencia (dependientes Fmax 17,47 kg ± 6,58 P<0,05 con IC 95% 14,1-20, 85 vs independientes Fmax 23,76 kg ± 6,3 P<0,05 con IC 95% 22,27-25,25). Conclusiones: la fuerza máxima de prensión de la mano está relacionada con la independencia para las actividades de la vida diaria. El componente de fuerza muscular puede ser relevante en programas de salud y calidad de vida en esta población.

Abstract Introduction: The relationship between healthy physical condition and some basic skills for the independence of the senior citizen in the Municipality of La Plata, Argentina, from 2015 to 2018 is studied. Hypothesis: senior citizens who are in better physical condition have greater independence for basic activities of daily living. Methods: the Barthel test was applied to measure daily living skills on senior citizens. The maximum grip strength was measured with dynamometer, and the "walking speed" and "time up and go" tests were applied to assess physical condition. Correlation, coefficient of determination was calculated. Results: A total of 91 senior citizens, 25 men, 64 women with an average age of 74.81 ± 9.38, average weight 69.99 ± 19.09, and average height 155 ± 13.06 were evaluated. As age increased, the maximum strength decreased significantly (r-0.40, R2 0.16, p <0.05). Maximum strength is significantly greater in people who are independent than in those who have some degree of dependence (dependent Fmax 17,47kg ± 6,58 with IC 95% 14,1-20,85 vs independent 23,76 kg ± 6,3 P <0.05 with IC 95% 22.27-25.25). Conclusions: the maximum grip strength of the hand is related to the independence for activities of daily living. The component of muscular strength may be relevant in health and quality of life programs in this population.

Resumo Introdução: A escola é um espaço privilegiado de promoção da saúde, em Colômbia se desenvolve a estratégia escola saudável como uma ferramenta integradora de políticas em saúde no âmbito escolar. Objetivo: o estudo busca avaliar a execução da estratégia escola saudável no contexto rural do município de Ibagué. Materiais e métodos: a avaliação da execução se realizou mediante a construção de um modelo lógico e a definição de critérios avaliativos em relação com os ambientes saudáveis, as políticas públicas e planos para a escola saudável, a participação social, o empoeiramento e a educação para a saúde. Avaliaram se um total de 93 escolas rurais, a informação foi levantada mediante questionários aos responsáveis das escolas e a través de entrevistas aos gestores de saúde. Resultados: se identificaram problemáticas sanitárias e ambientais nas escolas associadas às carências da ruralidade, falta de articulação do setor saúde e educação, baixa participação social, a educação enfocada à prevenção da doença. Conclusão: promover os entornos escolares saudáveis na ruralidade requer de um marco legal nacional e local que garante à atuação estadual, a intersetorial, a participação efetiva do setor educativo, a renovação da saúde e que promova interesses e vontades político, sociais e administrativas.

Condición física saludable y su relación con habilidades básicas para la independencia del adulto mayor / Healthy physical condition and its relationship with basic skills for the independence of the senior citizen / Condição física saúdavel e sua relação com habilidades básicas para a independência do idoso

Introducción: se estudia la relación entre la condición física saludable y algunas habilidades básicas para la independencia de las personas mayores del municipio de La Plata, Argentina, desde el año 2015 al 2018. Hipótesis: Las personas adultas mayores que tienen mejor condición física tienen mayor independencia para las actividades de la vida diaria básicas. Métodos: se aplicó el test de Barthel para medir las habilidades para la vida diaria en adultos mayores. Se midió la fuerza máxima de prensión con dinamómetro, y se tomaron las pruebas "velocidad de la marcha" y "time up and go", para evaluar condición física. Se calculó correlación, coeficiente de determinación. Resultados: 91 adultos mayores, 25 hombres, 64 mujeres. Edad: 74,81±9,38, peso: 69,99±19,09, talla: 155±13,06. A medida que aumentó la edad, la fuerza máxima disminuyó significativamente (r-0,40 R2 0,16, p<0,05). La fuerza muscular es significativamente mayor en personas que son independientes que en aquellas que tienen algún grado de dependencia (dependientes Fmax 17,47 kg ± 6,58 P<0,05 con IC 95% 14,1-20, 85 vs independientes Fmax 23,76 kg ± 6,3 P<0,05 con IC 95% 22,27-25,25). Conclusiones: la fuerza máxima de prensión de la mano está relacionada con la independencia para las actividades de la vida diaria. El componente de fuerza muscular puede ser relevante en programas de salud y calidad de vida en esta población.

Introduction: The relationship between healthy physical condition and some basic skills for the independence of the senior citizen in the Municipality of La Plata, Argentina, from 2015 to 2018 is studied. Hypothesis: senior citizens who are in better physical condition have greater independence for basic activities of daily living. Methods: the Barthel test was applied to measure daily living skills on senior citizens. The maximum grip strength was measured with dynamometer, and the "walking speed" and "time up and go" tests were applied to assess physical condition. Correlation, coefficient of determination was calculated. Results: A total of 91 senior citizens, 25 men, 64 women with an average age of 74.81 ± 9.38, average weight 69.99 ± 19.09, and average height 155 ± 13.06 were evaluated. As age increased, the maximum strength decreased significantly (r-0.40, R2 0.16, p <0.05). Maximum strength is significantly greater in people who are independent than in those who have some degree of dependence (dependent Fmax 17,47kg ± 6,58 with IC 95% 14,1-20,85 vs independent 23,76 kg ± 6,3 P <0.05 with IC 95% 22.27-25.25). Conclusions: the maximum grip strength of the hand is related to the independence for activities of daily living. The component of muscular strength may be relevant in health and quality of life programs in this population.

A escola é um espaço privilegiado de promoção da saúde, em Colômbia se desenvolve a estratégia escola saudável como uma ferramenta integradora de políticas em saúde no âmbito escolar. Objetivo: o estudo busca avaliar a execução da estratégia escola saudável no contexto rural do município de Ibagué. Materiais e métodos: a avaliação da execução se realizou mediante a construção de um modelo lógico e a definição de critérios avaliativos em relação com os ambientes saudáveis, as políticas públicas e planos para a escola saudável, a participação social, o empoeiramento e a educação para a saúde. Avaliaram se um total de 93 escolas rurais, a informação foi levantada mediante questionários aos responsáveis das escolas e a través de entrevistas aos gestores de saúde. Resultados: se identificaram problemáticas sanitárias e ambientais nas escolas associadas às carências da ruralidade, falta de articulação do setor saúde e educação, baixa participação social, a educação enfocada à prevenção da doença. Conclusão: promover os entornos escolares saudáveis na ruralidade requer de um marco legal nacional e local que garante à atuação estadual, a intersetorial, a participação efetiva do setor educativo, a renovação da saúde e que promova interesses e vontades político, sociais e administrativas.

Personas en proceso de reintegración mayores (PPRM) en Colombia, retos para su reintegración / Senior Citizens in the Reintegration Process (PPRM) in Colombia: Challenges for their reintegration

Resumen Al analizar la Ruta de reintegración de la Agencia para la Reincorporación y la Normalización (ARN) para las Personas mayores en Colombia que han hecho parte de grupos armados al margen de la ley e inician procesos de reintegración a la vida civil, en el Estado Colombiano, se deja entrever por una lado que, esta población es especialmente vulnerable en tanto tienen más dificultad para adaptarse a la vida civil, advierte de la necesidad de reconocer los vacíos que exigen emplear enfoques diferenciales para abordar de forma adecuada las condiciones y necesidades particulares de este conjunto poblacional, destaca además, la importancia de aumentar o mejorar la oferta pública y privada de servicios que permitan una atención integral y sostenible.

Abstract By analyzing the Route of Reintegration of the Agency for Reintegration and Standardization (ARN) for senior citizens in Colombia, who have been part of illegal armed groups and initiate processes of reintegration into the civilian life, in the Colombian State, it is evident, on the one hand, that this population is especially vulnerable as they have more difficulty adapting to the civilian life. It warns of the need to recognize the gaps that require particular conditions and needs of this population group. It further stresses the importance of increasing and/or improving the public and private offer of services, which allow comprehensive and sustainable care.

La participación en organizaciones sociales de personas mayores que viven en zonas rurales del sur de Chile y su efecto sobre la salud / The participation of Senior Citizen organizations living in rural areas of southern Chile and their effect on health

Resumen El objetivo de la investigación fue describir el contexto histórico cultural de Forrahue, Pucatrihue y Neltume y su influencia en las condiciones de vida de las personas mayores que pertenecen a organizaciones sociales de personas mayores. Estudio cualitativo, interpretativo y crítico realizado en el segundo trimestre del año 2017. El estudio se realizó en tres localidades rurales del sur de Chile, seleccionadas según características sociodemográficas de los territorios y viabilidad de la investigación. Participaron tres organizaciones sociales de personas mayores de 60 años, contactadas por informantes claves, trabajadores de dispositivos de atención primaria de las localidades. Se realizaron tres grupos de discusión y entrevistas en profundidad a un total de 18 personas mayores, principalmente mujeres, integrantes de organizaciones sociales. Para procesar los datos, se usó análisis de contenido. El estudio muestra el rol positivo de la asociatividad y participación social para la mantención de estados de salud y la mitigación de condiciones de vida que determinan vulnerabilidad: pobreza, aislamiento y deterioro producto de la edad. Evidencia la necesidad de integrar la participación social como una estrategia sanitaria, desde el reconocimiento de formas naturales de convivencia y no estructuradas desde agentes sanitarios. Se presenta evidencia sobre el valor del sentido de pertenencia territorial en la edad avanzada y de la actividad con sentido compartido y cotidiano.

Abstract The aim of the research presented was to describe the historical and cultural context of Forrahue, Pucatrihue and Neltume and their influence on the living conditions of older people belonging to social organisations of older people. Qualitative, interpretative and critical study carried out in the second quarter of 2017. The study was carried out in three rural localities in southern Chile, selected according to the socio-demographic characteristics of the territories and the viability of the research. Three social organizations of people over 60 years of age participated, contacted by key informants, workers of primary care devices in the localities. Three discussion groups and in-depth interviews were conducted with a total of 18 older people, mostly women, members of social organizations. Content analysis was used for the analysis. The study shows the positive role of association and social participation in maintaining health conditions and mitigating living conditions that determine vulnerability: poverty, isolation and deterioration due to age. Evidence of the need to integrate social participation as a health strategy, from the recognition of natural forms of coexistence and unstructured from health agents. Evidence is presented on the value of the sense of territorial belonging in advanced age and of activity with shared, everyday meaning.

Idosos e redes sociais digitais: um estudo exploratório / Mayores y redes sociales digitales: un estudio exploratorio / Older adults and digital social networks: an exploratory study

Considerando os fenômenos do envelhecimento populacional e da crescente popularização das novas tecnologias, este artigo buscou investigar aspectos afetivos e cognitivos envolvidos na compreensão e utilização de redes sociais digitais (RSD) por idosos. Para tanto, contou com a participação de 26 pessoas, com idades entre 65 e 74 anos, com perfis ativos em RSD, a partir de amostra de conveniência. Essas foram entrevistadas individualmente, tendo por referência o método clínico piagetiano. Os dados coletados foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo, priorizando-se a leitura qualitativa. Os resultados indicaram que os idosos, apesar de não pertencerem a uma geração nativa das atuais tecnologias e terem dificuldades para conceituar as RSD, estão ativos e participativos nelas, especialmente no Whats-App. Demonstraram também que os idosos começaram a utilizar tais ferramentas a partir do incentivo de familiares, de necessidades de trabalho e comunicação e, ainda, de interesse em sentirem-se pertencentes ao contexto social contemporâneo. Verificou-se que o uso de RSD pode contribuir para a promoção do desenvolvimento nessa etapa da vida, por meio da autovalorização e de um processo ativo de conhecimento. Tais aspectos reforçam, portanto, a premissa de Piaget no que tange à continuidade do desenvolvimento humano, de forma ativa e dinâmica, mesmo entre os mais velhos. Espera-se com este estudo contribuir para outras investigações com foco na velhice e nas novas tecnologias a partir da perspectiva da Psicologia do Desenvolvimento.

Considering the phenomena of population aging and the increasing popularization of new technologies, this article aimed to investigate the affective and cognitive aspects involved in the comprehension and use of digital social networks (DSN) by older adults. Twenty-six people were interviewed, from 65 to 74 years old, with active profiles on DSN, from a convenience sample. Individual interviews were made, using Piaget's clinical method. The data were submitted to a content analysis, prioritizing a qualitative reading. The results indicated that older adults ­ although not belonging to a native generation of the new technologies and having difficulty defining the DSN ­ are active and participative on them, especially on WhatsApp. They also demonstrated that they started to use these tools with the encoura gement of family members, for need at work and to communicate, and also because of an interest in belonging to the contemporary social context. It was found that the use of DSN can contribute to the promotion of development in this phase of life, through self-valorization and an active process of knowledge. Such aspects reinforce Piaget's premise regarding the continuity of human development, actively and dynamically, even among older adults. This study is expected to contribute to other investigations focusing on old age and new technologies from the perspective of Developmental Psychology.(AU)

Contribuições técnicas e socioculturais da prevenção quaternária para a atenção primária à saúde: caminhos e desafios / Technical and socio-cultural contributions of quaternary prevention for primary health care: paths and challenges / Contribuciones técnicas y socioculturales de prevención cuaternaria para la atención primaria de salud: caminos y desafíos

Introdução: No contexto do Sistema Único de Saúde, o conceito da prevenção quaternária adentra timidamente os níveis de atenção à saúde, no entanto, sofre expansão significativa no âmbito da atenção primária à saúde. Objetivo: Identificar por meio da sistematização de evidências científicas, as contribuições técnicas e socioculturais da prevenção quaternária no âmbito da atenção primária à saúde no Brasil. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de estudos presentes nas bases de dados científicas da Scientific Electronic Library Online, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, biblioteca virtual da Comissão de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal do Nível Superior e MEDLINE via PubMed com a utilização dos descritores "prevenção quaternária" e "atenção primária à saúde", em inglês e português. Resultados: O corpus de análise foi composto por 22 artigos, sendo que a produção científica sobre o tema se deu de forma mais intensa a partir do ano de 2015 e, em sua maioria, possuíam como abordagem metodológica ensaios teóricos. Dentre as contribuições técnicas destacaram-se a introdução do ensino da prevenção quaternária de modo continuado aos graduandos e profissionais; a construção de protocolos e documentos de amparo profissional; a utilização de modelos explicativos dinâmicos na socialização do quadro clínico; a conduta profissional com os usuários e as contribuições socioculturais envolvendo mudanças na percepção profissional e comunitária sobre o fenômeno saúde-doença, assim como o incentivo a práticas de desmedicalização sociocultural em relação à dor, incapacidade, desconforto, envelhecimento, nascimento e morte. Conclusão: Apesar do reconhecimento das potencialidades da prevenção quaternária, faz-se necessário fortalecer estratégias que possibilitem o desenvolvimento de políticas públicas para fomentar e gerenciar alianças estratégicas com tomadores de decisão, profissionais de saúde e cidadãos, para fomentar a redução de diagnósticos e tratamentos excessivos, contribuindo com a qualidade do cuidado.

Introduction: In the context of the Unified Health System, the concept of quaternary prevention shyly enters the levels of health care, however, undergoes significant expansion in the scope of primary health care. Objective: To identify, through the systematization of scientific evidence, the technical and socio-cultural contributions of quaternary prevention within the scope of primary health care in Brazil. Methods: This is an integrative review of studies present in the scientific databases of the Scientific Electronic Library Online, Regional Portal of the Virtual Health Library of the Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information of the Pan American Health Organization, virtual library of the Higher Education Personnel Improvement Commission, and MEDLINE through PubMed using the descriptors "quaternary prevention" and "primary health care", in English and Portuguese. Results: The corpus of analysis consisted of 22 articles, and the scientific production on the topic took place more intensively from the year 2015 and, for the most part, had theoretical essays as methodological approach. Among the technical contributions, we highlight the introduction of teaching on quaternary prevention in a continuous way to undergraduates and professionals; the construction of protocols and documents of professional support; the use of dynamic explanatory models in the socialization of the clinical picture and professional conduct with users and socio-cultural contributions involve changes in the professional and community perception about the phenomenon of illness and health conception, as well as the incentive to practices of socio-cultural demedicalization in relation to pain, disability, discomfort, aging, birth, and death. Conclusion: Despite the recognition of the potential of quaternary prevention, it is necessary to strengthen strategies that enable the development of public policies to foster and manage strategic alliances with decision makers, health professionals and citizens, to promote the reduction of excessive diagnoses and treatments, contributing to the quality of care.

Introducción: En el contexto del Sistema Único de Salud, el concepto de prevención cuaternaria entra tímidamente en los niveles de atención de salud, sin embargo, experimenta una expansión significativa en el alcance de la Atención Primaria de Salud. Objetivo: Identificar, a través de la sistematización de evidencia científica, las contribuciones técnicas y socioculturales de la prevención cuaternaria en el ámbito de la Atención Primaria de Salud en Brasil. Métodos: Esta es una revisión integradora de estudios presentes en las bases de datos científicas de la Biblioteca Electrónica Científica en línea, Portal Regional de la Biblioteca Virtual en Salud del Centro Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Información en Ciencias de la Salud de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud, biblioteca virtual de la Comisión de Mejoramiento del Personal de Educación Superior y MEDLINE a través de PubMed utilizando los descriptores de prevención cuaternaria y atención primaria de salud, en inglés y portugués. Resultados: El corpus de análisis estuvo conformado por 22 artículos, siendo la producción científica sobre el tema más intensiva desde 2015 y, en su mayor parte, tuvo ensayos teóricos como abordaje metodológico. Entre los aportes técnicos, destacamos la implantación de la docencia en prevención cuaternaria de forma continua a estudiantes de pregrado y profesionales; construcción de protocolos y documentos de apoyo profesional, uso de modelos explicativos dinámicos en la socialización del cuadro clínico y conducta profesional con los usuarios y los aportes socioculturales implican cambios en la percepción profesional y comunitaria sobre el fenómeno de la enfermedad y la concepción de la salud, así como el incentivo a prácticas de desmedicalización sociocultural en relación al dolor, discapacidad, malestar, envejecimiento, nacimiento y muerte. Conclusión: A pesar del reconocimiento del potencial de la prevención cuaternaria, es necesario fortalecer estrategias que permitan el desarrollo de políticas públicas para fomentar y gestionar alianzas estratégicas con los tomadores de decisiones, profesionales de la salud y ciudadanos, para promover la reducción de diagnósticos y tratamientos excesivos, contribuyendo a la calidad de la atención.

Los seniors en la publicidad española: tensiones entre la investigación, planificación y la representación de los mayores en los anuncios / Senior citizens in Spanish advertising: tensions between research, planning and representation of the elderly in advertisements / Idosos na publicidade espanhola: tensões entre pesquisa, planejamento e representação dos mais velhos nos anúncios

El presente artículo analiza las continuidades y discontinuidades que se producen entre la investigación, la planificación de medios y la construcción de las representaciones sobre los mayores en la publicidad española. El estudio, centrado en los anuncios sobre envejecimiento, mayores y salud, se ha implementado desde una triangulación metodológica que incluye técnicas como el análisis del discurso, la encuesta y la revisión de literatura sobre segmentación publicitaria. Las conclusiones apuntan a una restricción de las representaciones puestas en juego en los anuncios respecto a la diversidad planteada por los profesionales y en la literatura científica. Se plantea el reto de superar las visiones excesivamente individualistas del mayor y de la gestión de su salud, al tiempo que emerge como alternativa la concepción de la salud como un espacio simbólico de conflicto y negociación.(AU)

The article analyzes the continuities and descontinuities that occur between research, media planning and the construction of representations of senior citizens in Spanish advertising. The study, centered on advertisements about aging, senior citizens and health, employed a methodological triangulation that included techniques like discourse analysis, research, and a literature review on segmentation in advertising. The conclusions point to a limitation of the representations called into play in advertisements regarding the diversity established by professionals and in the scientific literature. It is necessary to face the challenge of overcoming the excessively individualistic views of the elderly and of the management of their health. At the same time, the conception of health as a symbolic space of conflict and negotiation emerges as an alternative..(AU)

O presente artigo analisa as continuidades e descontinuidades que ocorrem entre a pesquisa, o planejamento de mídia e a construção das representações dos idosos na publicidade espanhola. O estudo, centrado nos anúncios sobre envelhecimento, idosos e saúde, foi implementado a partir de uma triangulação metodológica que incluiu técnicas como a análise do discurso, a pesquisa e a revisão de literatura sobre segmentação publicitária. As conclusões apontam para uma limitação das representações postas em jogo nos anúncios a respeito da diversidade estabelecida pelos profissionais e na literatura científica. Constitui-se o desafio de superar as visões excessivamente individualistas sobre o idoso e da gestão de sua saúde, ao tempo que emerge como alternativa a concepção da saúde como um espaço simbólico de conflito e negociação..(AU)

Citizen engagement in social health insurance purchasing, in selected counties in Kenya

Background: National hospital insurance fund (NHIF) uses capitation as a strategic purchasing model to provide primary care health services (PCHS). This study sought information on citizen knowledge of PCHS benefit package, NHIF communication to citizens, determination of citizen views and values, NHIF accountability to citizens, citizen choice of PCHS provider and how these factors influence citizen access to NHIF, PCHS.Methods: This was a cross sectional research conducted between March 2017 to March 2018. 426 patients were sampled from Nyandarua and Nakuru Counties.Results: 366 (93%) patients knew the PCHS benefit package, 226 (57%) said NHIF communication to them was adequate, 280 (71%) said NHIF does not take into account their view and values, 272 (69%) said NHIF is not accountable to them, 269 (68%) knew how to select an outpatient facility, 111 (28%) said they did not receive NHIF, PCHS. Multivariate logistics regression analysis of citizen engagement factors and access to PCHS, indicate that NHIF communication to citizens (p<0.05, OR=2.358, 95% CI [1.399-3.975]), purchaser accountability (p<0.05, OR=2.073, 95% CI [1.017-4.226]) and provider choice (p<0.05, OR=2.990, 95% CI [1.817-4.920]) added significantly to the regression model.Conclusions: There is inadequate engagement of citizens in NHIF decision making which may hinder access to NHIF PCHS, therefore NHIF should establish citizens’ needs and preference through public forums, elicit citizens’ feedback, act on complains when raised, inform citizens on how the capitation system works and NHIF should visit health facilities regularly to establish if patients are accessing PCHS.

O Condomínio Cidade Madura: um estudo de caso de uma nova maneira de morar da pessoa idosa brasileira / The City Mature Condominium: a case study of a new way of dying of the old brazilian person / El Condominio Cidade Madura: un estudio de caso de una nueva forma de vida para los ancianos brasileños

O envelhecimento populacional é um fenômeno vivenciado em todo o mundo. No Brasil, esse processo é relativamente recente, embora esteja ocorrendo de maneira acelerada. Em relação aos fatores determinantes do envelhecimento, destacam-se os tipos de moradia, que podem influenciar diretamente na longevidade de um indivíduo. Diante do breve exposto, objetiva-se evidenciar as condições de habitação como fator influente na vida dos idosos residentes no Condomínio Cidade Madura, implantado em João Pessoa, capital do estado da Paraíba. Para tanto, empregam-se, como metodologia, a observação direta, o estudo de caso e o registro fotográfico. Nota-se que a iniciativa é um avanço na área de habitação para a pessoa idosa, especialmente para os de baixa renda. Conclui-se, portanto, que o condomínio atende razoavelmente às questões físicas da moradia.

Population aging is a phenomenon experienced worldwide. In Brazil, this process is relatively recent, although it is happening at an accelerated rate. Regarding the determinants of aging, the types of housing stand out, which can directly influence the individual's longevity. Given the brief exposed, the objective is to highlight housing conditions as an influential factor in the lives of the elderly living in Condomínio Cidade Madura, located in João Pessoa, capital of the state of Paraíba. For that, direct observation, case study and photographic record are used as methodology. It is noted that the initiative is an advance in the housing area for the elderly, especially for the low-income. It is concluded, therefore, that the condominium meets reasonably the physical issues of housing.

El envejecimiento de la población es un fenómeno experimentado en todo el mundo. En Brasil, este proceso es relativamente reciente, aunque está ocurriendo a un ritmo acelerado. En cuanto a los determinantes del envejecimiento, se destacan los tipos de vivienda, que pueden influir directamente en la longevidad del individuo. Dado el informe expuesto, el objetivo es destacar las condiciones de vivienda como un factor influyente en la vida de los ancianos que viven en Condomínio Cidade Madura, ubicado en João Pessoa, capital del estado de Paraíba. Para eso, la observación directa, el estudio de caso y el registro fotográfico se utilizan como metodología. Cabe señalar que la iniciativa es un avance en el área de vivienda para personas mayores, especialmente para los de bajos ingresos. Se concluye, por lo tanto, que el condominio cumple razonablemente los problemas físicos de la vivienda.

A critical analysis of rising intolerance and growing polarisation: Lynching / 国际药学研究杂志

“Fear of law and veneration for the Scomm and of the law constitutes the foundation of a civilized society. Lynching is an affront to the rule of law and to the exalted values of the Constitution itself. We may say without any fear of contradiction that lynching by unruly mobs and barbaric violence arising out of incitement and instigation cannot be allowed to become the order of the day.”-Tehseen S. Poonawalav. Union of India The term ‘Law’ do not just have a mere existence rather is being enacted and enforced for the betterment of the public at large. For benefits of the citizens various basic rights has been conferred upon them and accordingly their social behaviour is being regulated. Citizens in return is required to mandatorily abide by the enforced laws. From the era of divinity, the study of various religion has always laid emphasis on to the laid down norms to regulate the human conduct in the society. Law has been the crucial part of this man-made society. The very basic purpose of law is to keep a check upon the actions of the individual and to protect the society from various criminal activities. But Lynching, an act, comprising of violence which sets aside the laid down laws is gradually becoming a fear for the public at large. It signifies that people are seeking for instant justice for any form of crime thereby creating a threat to the existing laws which are meant to preserve and protect the society. Nothing else can define the act of Lynching in a best possible way then this statement given by Mahatma Gandhi: “an eye for an eye can turn the whole world blind.”.

Accessibility to and utilization of healthcare services pre- and post-typhoon Yolanda as perceived by senior citizens in a rural area in the Philippines

@#<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>BACKGROUND</strong>: The problems of accessibility to and utilization of healthcare services are fundamental and constant issues in every country's healthcare system especially among the senior citizens.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>OBJECTIVE:</strong> The study investigated the accessibility to and utilization of healthcare services among senior citizens in the Province of Leyte as determined by the predisposing, enabling, and need factors.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>METHOD:</strong> The sample consisted of 496 60 years old and above senior citizens from randomly selected barangays of Districts 1 and 2 of Leyte Province. An interview schedule was designed to gather data through structured interviews. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics to determine the level of accessibility and utilization, Point-biserial and Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient (Pearson's r) and eta correlation to check significant relationships among variables, and multiple linear regression to identify predictors of accessibility and utilization.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>RESULTS:</strong> Findings revealed that sex, occupation, primary source of income, health status, medical condition, and disability had weak correlations with accessibility and utilization during pre-typhoon and post-typhoon. Lastly, medical conditions and health status were the best predictors of accessibility and utilization during pre-typhoon and post-typhoon. These findings lead to the development of a local model on the accessibility to and utilization of healthcare services that are more reflective for senior citizens in rural areas in the Philippines.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>CONCLUSION:</strong> More research is needed to replicate these results to substantiate the significance of addressing the healthcare needs of the senior citizens in rural areas.</p>

Desafios para a política de saúde num quadro de transição demográfica no interior de Portugal / Challenges for health policy in a context of demographic transition in the interior of Portugal / Desafíos para la política de salud en un marco de transición demográfica en el interior de Portugal

O interior de Portugal está vivendo um envelhecimento demográfico. Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar as transições demográficas ocorridas numa região do interior rural de Portugal, e discutir os desafios para a política de saúde nessa região que atravessou um período de crise econômica. Para atingir esses objetivos, foram utilizados dados dos sistemas de informação do Ministério da Saúde, e foram realizadas entrevistas com os principais atores da política de saúde nacional e local. Como resultados, ficou claro que existiu um reforço de investimento nos cuidados de saúde, mas também se verificaram baixas das taxas de fecundidade, natalidade e mortalidade, e um crescimento da esperança média de vida. Para agravar, houve um aumento do desemprego, uma redução do rendimento. Passada a crise, as modificações demográficas exigem uma nova resposta e uma ação imediata de novas políticas de saúde para superar as suas sequelas.

Portugal is experiencing an aging population in its population. This study aims to analyze the demographic transitions occurring in a rural inland region of Portugal and discuss the challenges to health policy in this region that has experienced a period of economic crisis. In order to achieve these objectives, we used data from the information systems of the Ministry of Health and conducted interviews with the main actors of national and local politics. As a result, investment in the health response, reduction in fertility, birth and death rates and a growth in average life expectancy were clear. But there was an increase in unemployment, a reduction in income. After the crisis, demographic changes require a new response and immediate action on new health policies to overcome the effects of the crisis.

Portugal está viviendo un envejecimiento demográfico en su población. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar las transiciones demográficas ocurridas en una región del interior rural de Portugal y discutir los desafíos para la política de salud en esa región que atravesó un período de crisis económica. Para concretar estos objetivos, se recurrió a datos de los sistemas de información del Ministerio de Salud y se realizaron entrevistas con los principales actores de la política nacional y local. Como resultados, quedó claro la inversión en la respuesta en salud, la reducción de las tasas de fecundidad, natalidad y mortalidad y un crecimiento de la esperanza de vida media. Pero hubo un aumento del desempleo, una reducción del rendimiento. Tras la crisis, las modificaciones demográficas exigen una nueva respuesta y una acción inmediata de nuevas políticas de salud para superar los efectos de la crisis.

Santiago de Cali, paisaje urbano y constitución de una ciudad subjetiva / Santiago de Cali, urban landscape and constitution of subjective city / Santiago de Cali, paisagem urbana e a constituição de uma cidade subjetiva

Resumen Acerca de las ciudades se generan discursos que parten de cifras sobre el crecimiento demográfico y espacial, la multiplicación y caos del transporte, las dificultades para desplazarse en espacios públicos y los problemas ambientales, ante los cuales son pocos los aportes novedosos por hacer En este artículo de investigación se abordan los procesos de la configuración del paisaje urbano de la ciudad Santiago de Cali, Colombia, desde una perspectiva crítica y genealógica que permita multiplicar el sentido de lo urbano, del paisaje y del espacio para construir el concepto de una ciudad humanamente habitable, emplazada bajo la rehabilitación de la singularidad y la complejidad. Metodológicamente, se realiza una revisión bibliográfica que abarca dos perspectivas, una histórica y una crítico-genealógica. Se encontró que el problema fundamental para la construcción de una ciudad subjetiva no es de carácter técnico ni científico sino ético-político, de las formas del hombre ser y conducirse en el mundo. Se concluye que la tarea consiste en realizar un análisis crítico del racionalismo tecnicista, es decir de la ideología urbanística, de la tecnocracia de lo urbano, y reflexionar sobre la posibilidad de pensar en un concepto amplio de ciudad que involucre la multiplicidad humana.

Abstract About the cities are generated speeches that depart from figures on the demographic and spatial growth, the multiplication and chaos of the transport, the difficulties to move in public spaces and the environmental problems, to which are few the new contributions to be made. This research article addresses the processes of the configuration of the urban landscape of the city of Santiago de Cali, Colombia, from a critical and genealogical perspective that allows to multiply the sense of the urban, the landscape and the space to build the concept of a humanly livable city, located under the rehabilitation of singularity and complexity. Methodologically, a bibliographical review is carried out covering two perspectives, a historical and a genealogical-critical. It was found that the fundamental problem for the construction of a subjective city is neither technical nor scientific but ethical-political, of the forms of the man to be and to be led in the world. It was concluded that the task is to carry out a critical analysis of technicist rationalism, that is, the urbanistic ideology, the technocracy of the urban, and reflect on the possibility of thinking of a broad concept of city that involves the human multiplicity.

Resumo Sobre as cidades, os discursos são gerados com base em números sobre o crescimento demográfico e espacial, a multiplicação e o caos dos transportes, as dificuldades de movimentação em espaços públicos e problemas ambientais, antes das quais há poucas contribuições inovadoras a serem feitas. Neste artigo de pesquisa, os processos de configuração da paisagem urbana da cidade de Santiago de Cali, Colômbia, são abordados a partir de uma perspectiva crítica e genealógica que permite multiplicar o sentido do urbano, da paisagem e do espaço para construir o conceito de uma cidade humanamente habitável, localizada sob a reabilitação da singularidade e complexidade. Metodologicamente, é realizada uma revisão bibliográfica que abrange duas perspectivas, uma histórica e uma crítica-genealógica. Verificou-se que o problema fundamental para a construção de uma cidade subjetiva não é técnico ou científico, mas ético-político, dos caminhos do ser e da conduta do homem no mundo. Conclui-se que a tarefa consiste em realizar uma análise crítica do racionalismo técnico, isto é, da ideologia urbanística, da tecnocracia do urbano e refletir sobre a possibilidade de pensar sobre um conceito amplo de uma cidade que envolve a multiplicidade humana.

Intervención sicológica en adultos mayores con depresión / Psychological intervention in senior citizens with depression

Introducción: Los cambios biológicos, sicológicos, económicos y sociales que se observan durante el envejecimiento conllevan a pensar que en los ancianos existe una serie de factores que favorecen la aparición de una depresión. Objetivo: evaluar la efectividad de una intervención sicológica para disminuir la depresión en adultos mayores de la Casa de abuelos "Dr. Diego Tamayo Figueredo", de Puerto Padre, en el período de noviembre de 2013 - mayo de 2014. Material y métodos: se realizó un estudio de intervención sicológica en una muestra de 12 adultos mayores de la casa de abuelos. Se aplicó un programa de intervención sicológica, así como la Escala de Depresión Geriátrica para realizar la valoración antes y después de la intervención. Se empleó el modelo Cognitivo- Conductual de Beck. Los datos fueron tratados según la estadística descriptiva. Resultados: el porciento más elevado de pacientes correspondió al grupo de ancianos con edades entre los 60 y 90 años de edad. Respecto al sexo, el más frecuente es el masculino. El asma bronquial, la hipertensión arterial y la diabetes Mellitus representaron el mayor porciento de antecedentes patológicos personales. Conclusión: la intervención sicológica resultó efectiva pues se logró disminuir a leve los niveles iniciales de depresión establecida y los considerados con leve a no depresión, por lo tanto se afirma que con su aplicación fue modificado el estado emocional de los adultos mayores que se implicaron en la muestra.

Introduction: Biological, psychological, financial and social changes observed during aging lead to think that there is a series of factors that favor the appearance of depression in senior citizens. Objective: Assessing the effectiveness of a psychological intervention in order to reduce depression in senior citizens from "Dr. Diego Tamayo Figueredo" Senior Citizens' House, Puerto Padre, from November 2013 to May 2014. Material and methods: A psychological intervention study was conducted on a sample of 12 senior citizens from the house. A psychological intervention program as well as the Geriatrics Depression Scale were applied before and after the intervention in order to make the assessment. The Beck's cognitive-behavior model was used. Data was processed according to descriptive statistics. Results: The highest percentage of patients corresponded to a group of seniors between 60 and 90 years of age. Regarding sex, males are more common. Bronchial asthma, arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus represented the highest percentage of personal pathological history. Conclusion: The psychological intervention proved to be effective since initial established depression levels were reduced to minor and those considered as minor were reduced to no depression ; therefore, it is stated that its application modified the state of mind of the senior citizens involved in the sample.

Influencia de la Diabetes mellitus en la salud bucal del adulto mayor / Influence of the Diabetes mellitus in the buccal health care

Introducción: Debido al rápido crecimiento del grupo de adultos mayores y diabéticos en la población cubana, es posible predecir que los requerimientos en la atención odontológica serán mayores en los próximos años, por lo que la prevención y atención en Odontogeriatria se considera una necesidad del presente y futuro inmediatos. Objetivo: Determinar la influencia de la Diabetes mellitus en el estado de salud bucal del adulto mayor. Material y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal en la clínica estomatológica del policlínico universitario Dr. Mario Muñoz Monroy del Wajay, en el período de 2015 a 2016. La muestra fue de 634 adultos mayores de los tres consultorios seleccionados por un sistema de conglomerado monoetápico. Se realizó examen bucal y se completó un formulario para la recolección de la información. Las variables estudiadas fueron:Diabetes mellitus, edad, sexo, factores de riesgos y enfermedades bucales. Resultados: En la población diabética, predominó el grupo de 60-74 años y sexo femenino; los factores de riesgo que prevalecieron fueron las prótesis desajustadas (60 por ciento), la xerostomía (58 por ciento) (p=0,001) y el hábito de fumar (32 por ciento); las enfemedades más frecuentes, la periodontal (58,3 por ciento), las úlceras traumáticas (13,3 por ciento) y la queilitis angular (7.9 por ciento); solo existió significación en las dos últimas. Conclusiones: En la población diabética prevaleció el grupo de 60 a 74 años y sexo femenino. Las prótesis desajustadas fue el factor de riesgo más representado; seguido por la xerostomía, el hábito de fumar y la enfermedad periodontal y las úlceras traumáticas las enfermedades bucales que predominaron(AU)

Introduction: Due to the fast growth of the group of elderly and diabetics in the Cuban population, it is possible to predict that the requirements in the odontology attention will be greater in the next years. For that reason the prevention and attention in the Odontogeriatry is considered a necessity of the present and future Immediate. Objective: To determine the influence of the Diabetes mellitus in the state of the buccal health care of the senior citizens in the dentistry clinic in Wajay through 2015 to 2016. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in the stomatology clinic of the Polyclinic Dr. Mario Muñoz Monroy in the period from 2015 to 2016. The sample was 634 older adults from the three clinics selected by a single-stage conglomerate system. A mouth exam was performed and a form for collecting the information was completed. The variables studied were: Diabetes mellitus, age, sex, risk factors and oral diseases. Results: In the diabetic population, the group of 60-74 years and female gender predominated. The risk factors that prevailed were maladaptive prostheses (60 percent), xerostomia (58 percent) (p = 0.001) and smoking (32 percent); Periodontal disease (58.3 percent), traumatic ulcers (13.3 percent) and angular cheilitis (7.9 percent); There was only meaning in the last two. Conclusions: In the population studied prevailed the group of 60 to 74 years and female sex. The maladaptive prostheses were the most represented risk factor; Followed by xerostomia, smoking and periodontal disease and traumatic ulcers predominant oral diseases(AU)