ABSTRACT
Resumen La pérdida de alimentos a lo largo de la cadena de suministro se ha convertido en un tema de gran interés en el mundo, debido a que afecta la seguridad alimentaria de la sociedad. Uno de estos eslabones de la cadena de distribución de alimentos son las centrales de abasto local, donde diariamente se pierden importantes cantidades de alimentos especialmente por carencia de protocolos de poscosecha. El objetivo del presente estudio consistió en analizar la pérdida de alimentos en la central de abastos del municipio de Acacias, Colombia y evaluar el sistema de compostaje como alternativa de gestión ambiental. Se realizó mediante el método de cuarteo la estimación de la cantidad y tipo de residuos desperdiciados, que posteriormente se sometieron al proceso de compostaje donde se evaluó la calidad del producto. En conclusión, los residuos orgánicos son un problema ambiental que requiere de alternativas como el compostaje, que permite reducir la cantidad y aprovechar el contenido nutricional de la fracción orgánica, generando subproductos con alto valor agregado.
Abstract The loss of food along the supply chain has become a topic of great interest in the world, because this affect to the food security of society. One of these stages in the food distribution chain are the local supply centers, where important quantities of food are often lost, especially due to the lack of post-harvest protocols. The objective of this study was to analyze the loss of food in the supply center of the municipalities of Acacias, Colombia and evaluate the composting system as an alternative for environmental management. It was carried out by means of the quartering method the estimation of the quantity and type of residues lost, and subsequently, the composting process, where the quality of the product is evaluated. In conclusion, organic residues is an environmental problem that requires alternatives such as composting, which allows to reduce the amount and take advantage of the nutritional content of organic matter, generating by-products with high added value.
Resumo A perdida de alimentos ao longo da cadeia de fornecimento converteu-se em um tema de grande interesse no mundo, como isto afeta a segurança alimentar da sociedade. Um destes elos da cadeia de distribuição de alimentos são as centrais de abastecimento locais, onde diariamente se perdem importantes quantidades de alimentos especialmente por carência de protocolos de pós-colheita. O objetivo do presente estudo consistiu em analisar a perdida de alimentos na central de abastecimento do município de Acacias, Colômbia e avaliar o sistema de compostagem como alternativa de gerenciamento ambiental. Realizou-se mediante o método de cuarteo a estimativa da quantidade e tipo de resíduos perdidos, que posteriormente se submeteram ao processo de compostagem onde se avaliou a qualidade do produto. Em conclusão, os resíduos orgânicos são um problema ambiental que requer de alternativas como o compostagem, que permite reduzir a quantidade e aproveitar o conteúdo nutricional da fração orgânica, gerando subprodutos com alto valor agregado.
ABSTRACT
The pollution and destruction of water environment has become one of the main environmental problems in today’s world, and the resource recycling of wastewater from pharmaceutical process of Chinese materia medica (CMM) is the important content in the research of water environment comprehensive prevention and control of water pollution purification. Furthermore, it is the inevitable choice on the green development and industrial upgrading of CMM industry. The wastewater produced in the pharmaceutical process of CMM has the characteristics of unstable composition, many kinds of organic pollutants and varied from different factories, and all belongs to one of the high concentration organic wastewater which is difficult to handle. In this article, the basic thought of “primary treatment-secondary treatment based on resource of effective compositions-third treatment” is been put up according to the characteristic compositions and source of wastewater. In view of the application of a large number of industrial water treatment new technology and new method, the method of using membrane to deal with wastewater is proposed, because of the technology advantages and the rapid growth of market share in water-making and wastewater treatment. Meanwhile, membrane is able to establish effective way of energy saving and environmental friendly integrated technology group. This study provides a new way for the reduction and resource utilization of CMM wastewater.
ABSTRACT
Dioscin is the main raw material for the synthesis of steroid hormone drugs. Currently, the direct acid hydrolysis is the mainly industrial production method for dioscin. However, the use of strong acid can not only destroy the structure of dioscin resulting in very low yield, but also produce a large amount of waste water and residues, which seriously pollute the environment. So the clean production of dioscin is the urgent demand of water conservation and environmental protection. In the paper, the recent research pro-gresses in the clean production technology and process of dioscin were summarized, and the advantages and problems were discussed in order to provide reference for the improvement and application of the new technology and process.