Effectiveness of comprehensive rhinoplasty on secondary nasal deformity with saddle nasal deformity after cleft lip surgery / 中国修复重建外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effectiveness of comprehensive rhinoplasty with autogenous costal cartilage grafting and prosthesis augmentation rhinoplasty in the treatment of secondary nasal deformity with saddle nasal deformity after cleft lip surgery.@*METHODS@#The clinical data of 96 patients with secondary nasal deformity with saddle nasal deformity after cleft lip surgery between September 2008 and January 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 17 males and 79 females with an average age of 25.6 years (range, 17-38 years). Autogenous costal cartilage grafts were used to construct stable nasal tip framework and enhance the strength of alar cartilage. Nasal dorsum prostheses (39 cases of bulge, 45 cases of silicone prosthesis) or autogenous costal cartilage (12 cases) were used for comprehensive rhinoplasty. Visual analogue scale (VAS) score was used to evaluate the postoperative satisfaction subjectively, and nasal alar height symmetry index, nasal alar width symmetry index, nasal dorsum central axis deviation angle, and nasal columella deviation angle were calculated to evaluate objectively before and after operation.@*RESULTS@#All patients were followed up 6 months to 8 years, with an average of 13.4 months. Nasal septal hematoma occurred in 3 patients after operation, which was improved after local aspiration and nasal pressure packing. Two cases had mild deformation of the rib cartilage graft of the nasal dorsum, one of which had no obvious deviation of the nasal dorsum and was not given special treatment, and one case underwent the cartilage graft of the nasal dorsum removed and replaced with silicone prosthesis. The incisions of the other patients healed by first intention, and there was no complication such as postoperative infection and prosthesis displacement. The nasal alar height symmetry index, nasal alar width symmetry index, nasal dorsum central axis deviation angle, and nasal columella deviation angle significantly improved after operation when compared with preoperative ones ( P<0.05). Postoperative subjective satisfaction evaluation reached the level of basic satisfaction or above, and most of them were very satisfied.@*CONCLUSION@#Comprehensive rhinoplasty using autologous rib cartilage grafting to construct a stable nasal tip support, combined with dorsal nasal prosthesis or autologous cartilage implantation, can achieve good effectiveness on secondary nasal deformity with saddle nasal deformity after cleft lip surgery.

Modificación de Mulliken en la reparación de la fisura labial unilateral incompleta en Matanzas, 2016-2018 / Mulliken modification in the repair of incomplete unilateral cleft lip in Matanzas, 2016-2018

RESUMEN El impacto biológico, social, económico y psicológico que acarrea la fisura labial conlleva a aplicar nuevas modificaciones en la corrección quirúrgica de sus técnicas de tratamiento. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar los resultados de la técnica quirúrgica de Rotación y Avance de Millard modificada por Mulliken en la corrección de la fisura labial unilateral incompleta en Matanzas. Se realizó un estudio de casos, longitudinal, prospectivo en el Hospital Docente Pediátrico «Eliseo Noel Caamaño¼ de Matanzas, entre 2016 y 2018. El universo estuvo constituido por menores de un año diagnosticados de fisura labial unilateral incompleta, que asistieron a la consulta de Cirugía Maxilofacial de dicho hospital, en el período en que se realizó la investigación y en los que para su tratamiento se empleó la técnica de Rotación y Avance de Millard modificada por Mulliken. Se trabajó con la totalidad del universo. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva. Los pacientes fueron intervenidos entre los 5 y 9 meses, predominó el color de piel blanca (75 %) y el sexo masculino (75 %). La altura labial y el ancho heminasal aumentaron más en el lado sano que en el fisurado. Al año de la intervención en el lado fisurado creció más el ancho transversal que en el sano en dos de los casos y también existió una diferencia mayor de 1 mm en la altura del bermellón. Se logró alcanzar simetría nasolabial en espejo del lado sano en todas las variables, excepto en la altura del bermellón en dos casos.

ABSTRACT The biological, social, economic and psychological impact caused by cleft lip leads to the application of new modifications in the surgical correction of its treatment techniques. The objective of this research was to evaluate the results of the Millard's rotation-advancement surgical technique modified by Mulliken in the correction of incomplete unilateral cleft lip in Matanzas. A longitudinal, prospective study was conducted at "Eliseo Noel Caamaño" Pediatric Teaching Hospital, in Matanzas between 2016 and 2018. The universe was made up of children under one year of age diagnosed with incomplete unilateral cleft lip, who come to the Maxillofacial Surgery consultation of this hospital, in the period in which the investigation was carried out and in whom, Millard 's rotation-advancement surgical technique modified by Mulliken was used for their treatment. We worked with the entire universe. Descriptive statistics was used. The patients underwent surgery between 5 and 9 months, white skin color (75%) and male gender (75%) predominated. Labial height and heminasal width increased more on the healthy side than on the cleft side. One year after the intervention, the transverse width grew more on the cleft side than on the healthy side in two of the cases, and there was also a difference greater than 1 mm in the vermilion height. Mirror-image nasolabial symmetry was achieved on the healthy side in all variables, except for vermilion height in two cases.

Diagnósticos e intervenções de enfermagem em pacientes no pós-operatório de enxerto ósseo alveolar / Nursing diagnoses and interventions in postoperative alveolar bone graft patients / Diagnósticos e intervenciones de enfermería en pacientes en el postoperatorio de injerto óseo alveolar

Objetivo: identificar a frequência dos diagnósticos de enfermagem relacionados à nutrição e as intervenções de enfermagem no pós-operatório de cirurgia de enxerto ósseo alveolar durante a internação. Método: estudo descritivo e quantitativo, realizado em um hospital público especializado. A amostra constituiu-se de 150 pacientes, avaliados por meio de anamnese e observação, com foco na aceitação alimentar. Resultados: os diagnósticos de enfermagem relacionados à nutrição foram elaborados segundo a taxonomia da North American Nursing Diagnosis Association-International (NANDA-I) e evidenciou-se predomínio da disposição para nutrição melhorada. As intervenções propostas de acordo com o referencial da Nursing Interventions Classifications (NIC) relacionaram-se ao ensino da dieta prescrita, promoção do autocuidado e monitoração nutricional. Conclusão: o presente estudo contribuiu para o trabalho interdisciplinar entre a nutrição e a enfermagem no processo de cuidar.

Objective: to identify the frequency of nutrition-related nursing diagnoses and postoperative nursing interventions in alveolar bone graft surgery during hospitalization. Method: this descriptive, quantitative study took place at a specialized public hospital in a sample of 150 patients evaluated by anamnesis and observation focusing on food acceptance. Results: the nutrition-related nursing diagnoses were prepared according to the taxonomy of the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association-International (NANDA-I), and displayed a predominant willingness to improve nutrition. The interventions proposed according to the frame of reference of Nursing Interventions Classifications (NIC) related to teaching prescribed diet, promoting self-care, and monitoring nutrition. Conclusion: this study contributed to interdisciplinary work between nutrition and nursing in the care process.

Objetivo: identificar la frecuencia de los diagnósticos de enfermería relacionados con la nutrición y las intervenciones de enfermería en el postoperatorio de cirugía de injerto óseo alveolar postoperatoria durante la hospitalización. Método: estudio descriptivo y cuantitativo, realizado en un hospital público especializado. La muestra consistió en 150 pacientes, evaluados mediante anamnesis y observación, enfocando la aceptación de alimentos. Resultados: los diagnósticos de enfermería relacionados con la nutrición se elaboraron según la taxonomía de la North American Nursing Diagnosis Association-International (NANDA-I) y pusieron en evidencia un predominio de la disposición de mejorar la nutrición. Las intervenciones propuestas de acuerdo con el marco de la Nursing Interventions Classifications (NIC) fueron relacionados con la enseñanza de la dieta prescrita, la promoción del autocuidado y el monitoreo nutricional. Conclusión: este estudio contribuyó al trabajo interdisciplinario entre la nutrición y la enfermería en el proceso de atención.

Uso exclusivo de fios absorvíveis em fendas labiopalatais / Exclusive use of absorbable suture threads in cleft lip and palate

INTRODUÇÃO: O tratamento de fendas labiopalatais tem etapas que podem trazer traumas psicológicos consideráveis aos pacientes e familiares. O uso de fios absorvíveis pode eliminar um destes momentos desconfortáveis. Contudo, a utilização exclusiva deste tipo de material de síntese ainda não é a preferência de todos os cirurgiões, principalmente em planos musculares. MÉTODOS: Levantados os dados dos pacientes operados no Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, submetidos à correção de fendas labiais ou palatais, nas quais foram utilizados somente fios absorvíveis (poliglecaprona 25 - Monocryl® ou poliglactina 910 - Vicryl Rapide®) em todos os panos de sutura (mucosa, músculo, pele). O período avaliado foi de 2007 a 2014. RESULTADOS: Encontramos 360 pacientes que se enquadraram no estudo. Não observamos diferenças quanto ao aspecto local das feridas durante o processo de absorção dos fios. A incidência de deiscências ou fístulas se manteve abaixo de 1% e não houve complicações relacionadas ao objetivo do estudo. As cicatrizes não se mostraram, a longo prazo, diferentes das obtidas com o uso de fios inabsorvíveis, utilizados em outros tipos de cirurgias. CONCLUSÕES: O uso exclusivo destes fios absorvíveis se mostrou uma opção eficaz e segura. Proporcionou cicatrizes de boa qualidade, força tênsil adequada (mesmo em planos musculares) e não observamos complicações relacionadas ao processo de absorção dos materiais empregados.

INTRODUCTION: The treatment of orofacial clefts comprises steps that may result in considerable psychological trauma for patients and their caregivers. The use of absorbable sutures may help to eliminate these uncomfortable situations. However, the exclusive use of this synthetic material is still not preferred by surgeons, particularly in the muscle planes. METHODS: Data from patients who underwent surgery at the University Hospital of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro from 2007 to 2014 were used. The patients underwent correction of cleft lip or palate, using only absorbable sutures (poliglecaprone 25 - Monocryl® or polyglactin 910 - Vicryl Rapide®) in all suture planes (mucosa, muscle, skin). RESULTS: We found 360 patients who met the inclusion criteria for this study. We did not observe differences in terms of the local appearance of the wounds during the suture absorption process. The incidence of dehiscence or fistula cases was below 1%, and there were no complications regarding the objectives of the study. In the long term, the scars did not differ from those obtained with non-absorbable sutures used in other types of surgeries. CONCLUSIONS: The exclusive use of absorbable sutures was shown to be an efficient and safe option. These resulted in good quality scars and adequate tensile strength (even in muscle planes), and we did not observe complications related to the absorption process of the material used.

Labio leporino bilateral: tratamiento quirúrgico / Bilateral cleft lip: surgical treatment

En este trabajo presentamos nuestra experiencia en el tratamiento quirúrgico de un paciente con Labio Leporino Bilateral con seguimiento postoperatorio de 3 años. El tratamiento incluye disecar delicadas estructuras anatómicas labiales y realinear elementos distorsionados y teniendo como meta conseguir una apariencia facial y succión normales.

In this paper we present our experience in the surgical treatment of a patient with Bilateral Cleft Lip with 3 years of postoperative control. The treatment includes to dissect delicate anatomical structures of the lip and thus achieve a realignment of the distorted elements andto reach a normal facial appearance and mouth suction.

Modificação na rinoqueiloplastia primária do paciente com fissura labial unilateral / Primary rhinocheiloplasty modification for unilateral cleft lip patients

Introdução: Desde 1957, quando Millard introduziu o conceito de reparo tipo avanço e rotação, este se tornou o procedimento de escolha para o reparo da fissura labial unilateral em todo o mundo. Mais recentemente, modificações descritas por Noordhoof, Mohler, Skoog e McComb passaram a ser realizadas em associação para que melhores resultados pudessem ser obtidos. Neste trabalho, os resultados estéticos e o padrão de crescimento ósseo facial do reparo primário da fissura labial unilateral através de técnica modificada são sistematicamente apresentados. Método: Quarenta e cinco pacientes portadores de fissura labial unilateral foram submetidos ao reparo cirúrgico primário por meio da técnica proposta. Para a análise dos resultados, foi estabelecido um sistema de pontuação dos resultados estéticos e a avaliação do padrão de crescimento ósseo facial foi realizada com emprego do índicede Atack. Resultados: Verificamos que 17,8% dos pacientes apresentaram bons resultados estéticos e 82,2%, resultados considerados excelentes. Entre os aspectos considerados negativos, houve predomínio da deformidade tardia da cartilagem lateral inferior (37,8%). Quanto ao índice de Atack, 83,4% dos pacientes apresentaram índice 1 e 16,6% índice 2 de Atack. Conclusões: Por meio da abordagem para rinoqueiloplastia primária apresentada, independentemente do tipo de fenda, é possível a obtenção de bons resultados estéticos e funcionais. Para que melhores resultados possam ser obtidos ao longo do tempo, refinamentos técnicos e a análise criteriosa dos resultados devem ser rotineiramente buscados.

Introduction: Since 1957, when Millard introduced the concept of rotation-advancement repair, this technique has become the procedure of choice for unilateral cleft lip worldwide. More recently, modifications described by Noordhoof, Mohler, Skoog, and McComb started being jointly performed so that better results could be obtained. In this study, the aesthetic results and the facial growth pattern after primary unilateral cleft lip repair through a modified technique are presented. Methods: Forty-five patients with unilateral cleft lip underwent primary surgical repair through this technique. For results analysis, a scoring system for aesthetic results was established and to evaluate the facial bone growth pattern the Atack’ Index was used. Results: By means of the established technique, 17.8% presented good aesthetic results and 82.2% were considered excellent results. Among aspects considered negative, late deformity of the lower lateral cartilage prevailed (37.8%). We observed that 83.4% had Atack’ Index 1 and 16.6% had Atack’ Index 2. Conclusions: Through the presented primary rhinocheiloplasty approach, regardless of cleft type, it is possible to obtain good aesthetic and functional results. In order to obtain better results along time, technical refinements and the criterial analysis of results must be performed on a routinely basis.

LABIO LEPORINO UNILATERAL. TRATAMIENTO QUIRÚRGICO / UNILATERAL CLEFT LIP. SURGICAL TREATMENT

RESUMEN En este trabajo presentamos nuestra experiencia en el tratamiento quirúrgico de 10 pacientes con Labio leporino unilateral y al mismo tiempo, el abordaje y corrección de la deformidad nasal presente en casi todos los casos. El tratamiento incluyó disecar delicadas estructuras anatómicas del labio y nariz para conseguir realinear elementos distorsionados y teniendo como meta conseguir una apariencia facial normal.

ABSTRACT In this work we present our experience in the surgical treatment of patient with Unilateral Cleft Lip and also, at the same time, the approach and correction of the nasal deformity present in almost all the cases. The treatment includes to dissect delicate anatomical structures of the lip and nose and thus achieve a realignment of the distorted elements and to reach a normal facial appearance.

Fissuras labiopalatinas: protocolo de atendimento multidisciplinar e seguimento longitudinal em 91 pacientes consecutivos / Cleft lip and palate: protocol of multidisciplinary team treatment and longitudinal

Introdução: A fissura labiopalatina é a malformação congênita mais frequente da face. É imperativaa necessidade dos pacientes fissurados serem avaliados e acompanhados em centrosde referência por equipe multidisciplinar. Atualmente, não há consenso na literatura quanto aomelhor protocolo de tratamento a ser seguido, estudos comparativos entre a escolha do tipode técnica, momento ideal para as intervenções cirúrgicas e para o apoio multidisciplinar sãoamplamente realizados. Objetivo: Este estudo tem por objetivo apresentar o protocolo utilizadopor centro de referência multidisciplinar nacional, demonstrando sua experiência anual.Método: Estudo prospectivo, no qual 91 pacientes portadores de fissura labiopalatina foramoperados no período de 12 meses, submetidos a tratamento mediante protocolo pré-determinadoe analisados de acordo com a localização da deformidade, características morfológicase tipo de procedimento realizado. Resultados: Oito categorias cirúrgicas foram relatadas;palatoplastia (41,58%) foi a mais realizada, seguida por queiloplastia (unilateral e bilateral),sendo 90% primária. A técnica descrita por Von Langenbeck associada a veloplastia intravelarestendida foi realizada em 97,5% dos casos. Todos os casos de queiloplastia unilateral foramsubmetidos a uma variante da técnica de Millard 2. Realizou-se enxerto ósseo alveolar secundárioem 70% dos casos. Faringoplastia foi realizada em dois pacientes e em 15 casos foramnecessários procedimentos de revisão de lábio e nariz. Conclusão: Análises periódicas dosdados obtidos devem ser realizadas, com objetivo de obter em longo prazo consensos quantoao melhor planejamento terapêutico do paciente portador de fissura labiopalatina.

Introduction: The cleft lip and palate is the most frequent congenital malformation of theface. It’s imperative that cleft lip and palate patients be evaluated and seen in centers ofreference by multidisciplinary teams. At present, there’s no consensus in the literature asto the best treatment protocol to be followed, although comparative studies on the choicesof technique types, the ideal moment for the surgical interventions and the multidisciplinarysupport are broadly carried out. Objectives: Present the protocol utilized by nationalmultidisciplinary reference center, showing its annual experience. Methods: Prospectivestudy, 91 patients with cleft lip and palate were operated in 12 months period, submittedto treatment following pre-determined protocol and analyzed according to location of thedeformity, morphologic characteristics and kind of procedure carried out. Results: Eightsurgical categories were related, palate repair (41.58%) was the most utilized one followedby lip repair (unilateral and bilateral), 90% of it primary. The technique described by VonLangenbeck associated to the extended intravelar veloplasty was carried out in 97.5% of thecases. The technique of unilateral cleft lip repair was variant of the Millard 2 procedure. In83.5% of the bilateral ones, the Spina technique was carried out and in the remainder, thevariant one of the Millard 2 technique was chosen. Secondary alveolar bone graft was performedin 70% of the cases. Conclusion: Periodic analyses of the data obtained must be done;to achieve, tire long term consensus as for the best therapeutic planning of these patients.