Validación transcultural de una escala de clima emocional para ámbitos organizacionales penitenciarios / Transcultural validation of an emotional climate scale for prison environments

Asumiendo que la percepción del clima emocional resulta de la interacción social del individuo con los eventos del entorno, el estudio considera como necesidad contar con un instrumento para evaluar este clima en un ambiente estresante como el penitenciario. El objetivo es adaptar una escala de clima emocional y a su vez establecer los factores que lo conforman y la relación de estos con el grado de quema de los trabajadores penitenciarios en el desarrollo de su trabajo; asimismo, se busca conformar el grado de estabilidad en el ámbito transcultural. Los participantes son 728 trabajadores de instituciones penitenciarias de Colombia (N = 506; 369 varones y 137 mujeres) y España (N = 222; 164 varones y 58 mujeres), con edades entre 18 y 60 años y que pertenecen principalmente al colectivo de vigilancia. Se utilizaron los instrumentos: Clima emocional organizacional penitenciario (Ruiz, 2007a, 2007b) y el Inventario de burnout de Maslach y Jackson (1981). Los resultados refieren, a través del análisis factorial confirmatorio, una estructura bifactorial: clima positivo y negativo, ofreciendo una buena consistencia tanto para las subescalas y la escala global como en ambas realidades penitenciarias evaluadas, aunque con diferencias significativas en el ámbito transcultural. Las realidades de estrés muestran una convergencia diferencial con respecto a cada uno de los contextos evaluados, a la vez que identifican realidades contextuales diferenciales. Se discuten los resultados en cuanto a la implicación para una mejor comprensión de la estructura bifactorial del clima emocional y sus implicaciones para futuras investigaciones y en cuanto a intervención.

Assuming that the perception of emotional climate results in the social interaction of the individual with environmental events, this study is based on the need for a tool to assess the climate in a stressful environment like prisons. The objective is to adapt an emotional climate scale, whilst establishing the factors that shape it and their relationship to the level of burn-out in prison workers in their work, and seeking to determine the degree of stability at a transcultural level. The participants were 728 prison workers in Colombia (N = 506, 369 men and 137 women) and in Spain (N = 222, 164 males and 58 females), with ages ranging from 18 to 60 years, and were mainly prison guards. The tools used were the CEP- Organizational Emotional Climate in Prisons (Ruiz, 2007a, 2007b) and the Burnout Inventory-MBI by Maslach and Jackson (1981). Using confirmatory factor analysis, the results show a two-factor structure: a positive and negative climate, offering good consistency, both for subscales and global scale, as evaluated in both prison climates, although with significant differences at the transcultural level. The stress variable exhibit differential convergence with respect to each of the contexts evaluated, and identify differential contextual variables. The results are discussed at the level of involvement for a better understanding of the bifactorial structure of emotional climate and its implications for future research and intervention level.

Social identity and emotional climate in a rural community of Peru: an empirical study / Identidade social e clima emocional em uma comunidade rural do Peru: um estudo empírico

The aim of this paper is to describe how the social identity and the emotional climate relate to each other in a rural community, assuming that both constructs are psychological indicators of a healthy collective functioning and that they are somehow affected by the social and political situation of the in-group. For this purpose, a research was undertaken in a rural community of 200 households, where 80 villagers were surveyed. The results suggest that a climate of confidence plays a central role in the constitution of collective identification. They also show that, the greater the perception of this climate is, the more a positive collective self-stereotype, and a greater valuation of belonging to the community, predominate. On the other hand, a climate of low confidence weakens the identification with the community to the extent that it is associated to a lesser valuation and negative self-stereotypical beliefs regarding the community members.

O objetivo deste artigo é descrever a forma como a identidade social e o clima emocional se relacionam entre si em uma comunidade rural, assumindo que os dois conceitos são indicadores psicológicos de um funcionamento coletivo saudável e que eles são de alguma forma afetados pela situação política e social do próprio grupo . Para este fim, a pesquisa foi realizada em uma comunidade rural de 200 famílias, onde 80 moradores foram entrevistados. Os resultados sugerem que um clima de confiança desempenha um papel central na constituição de identificação coletiva. Eles também mostram que, quanto maior a percepção desse clima, um autoestereótipo coletivo positivo e uma maior valorização de pertença à comunidade predominam. Por outro lado, um clima de baixa confiança debilita a identificação com a comunidade, na medida em que ela está associada a uma menor valorização e crenças autoestereotipadas negativas sobre os membros da comunidade.

Bienestar, clima emocional, percepción de problemas sociales y confianza / Well-being, emotional climate, social problems perception and trust

Desde una perspectiva psicosocial, el estudio del bienestar y de las emociones experimentadas en un determinado contexto social permiten integrar en el análisis elementos que obstruyen o facilitan la relación que las personas mantienen con su entorno.En este marco, se realizó un estudio empírico con el objetivo de poner en relación el bienestar psicológico y social con el clima emocional, la percepción de problemas sociales y la confianza institucional. La muestra es intencional, compuesta por 947 sujetos de varias ciudades de Argentina. Se observan buenos niveles de bienestar psicológico y social, una percepción de clima emocional negativo, de baja confianza institucional y de alta percepción de problemas sociales. Las mujeres muestran un bienestar más relacional y de más alto contexto que los hombres. El incremento en la edad se asocia a la vivencia de mayor autonomía y de mayor sensación de control, aunque también a una mirada más cínica del mundo.

From a psycho-sociological perspective, well-being and culture framed emotional experiences study allow the integration of elements which obstacle or facilitate the relationships people maintain with social environment. In this frame, an empirical study was carried out in order to explore the relationship between psychological and social well-being with emotional climate, social problem's perception and institutional trust. A convenience sample was used composed by 947 participants from different argentines cities. Accurate levels of psychological and social well being are observed, but also high levels of a negative emotional climate, social problem's perception and institutional distrust. Females show a more relational and high context well-being in comparison with males. Age increasing seems associated with greater autonomy and sense of control but also with a more realistic or cynic view of social events.