ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT: Information on the production performance of blackberry in less colder regions are fundamentals to the expansion of the cultivated area and extension of management practices for cultivars adapted to climate conditions in Brazil. The research was carried out with the aim to evaluate the productive performance of different blackberries cultivars in altitude region of 1,387m with mild temperatures, situate at 18º14'56"S, 43º36'0"W, in Minas Gerais State, Brazil. It was carried during the seasons 2013/2014, 2014/2015 and 2015/2016. The blackberry cultivars evaluated were the following ones 'Brazos', 'Guarani', 'Tupy' and 'Xavante'. Flowering and harvesting of cultivars were evaluated as well as climatological data of the area in order to relate the number of hours of accumulated cold less than 13°C, 10°C and 7.2°C with production and crop time. To determine the production, the mass of blackberries harvested per plant was measured. Production of blackberry cultivars was extended in altitude region with similar productivity to the other producing regions in Brazil. Productive performance of the cultivars varied according to the accumulation of cold hours with mild temperatures that occurred in cultivation region. 'Brazos', 'Guarani', 'Tupy' and 'Xavante' showed good adaptation, being 'Brazos' the cultivar most productive.
RESUMO: As informações sobre o desempenho produtivo de amoreira-preta em regiões com menor ocorrência de frio são fundamentais para a ampliação da área de cultivada e adequação de práticas de manejo para as cultivares adaptadas as condições climáticas do Brasil. A pesquisa foi realizada com o objetivo avaliar o desempenho produtivo de diferentes cultivares de amoreira-preta em região com altitude 1.384m, com temperaturas amenas, situada 18º14'56''S, 43º36'0''W, Minas Gerais, Brasil. O trabalho foi realizado nas safras 2013/2014, 2014/2015 e 2015/2016. As cultivares de amoreira-preta avaliadas foram 'Brazos', 'Guarani', 'Tupy' e 'Xavante'. Durante o período de floração e de colheita das cultivares e os dados climatológicos da região para relacionar o número de horas de frio acumulado inferior a 13°C, 10°C e 7,2°C com a produção e a duração do ciclo. Para determinar a produção, avaliou-se a massa das amoras colhidas por planta em todas as colheitas realizadas A produção de cultivares de amora foi estendida em região de altitude com produtividade similar às demais regiões produtoras do Brasil. O desempenho produtivo das cultivares variou em função do acúmulo de horas de frio com temperaturas amenas que ocorreram na região do cultivo. As cultivares 'Brazos', 'Guarani', 'Tupy' e 'Xavante' apresentaram boa adaptação em região de altitude, sendo a 'Brazos' a cultivar mais produtiva.
ABSTRACT
Aims: The aims of the current study are to reveal the response of high latitude riverine planktonic algal communities in northeastern Siberia to extreme climatic conditions of its habitats. Study Design: We implemented diverse statistical methods, which represent some new approaches in freshwater algal diversity analysis. Place and Duration of Study: Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Israel, Institute for Biological Problems of Cryolithozone SB RAS, Russia, between June 2008 and January 2014. Methodology: We collected 800 samples of phytoplankton from 400 sites of 12 northeastern Siberian rivers in gradients of climatic and chemical variables that we analyzed. New indices - Geo-associated and Dynamic Habitat Index were included in this analysis. Statistical methods for comparative floristic analyses were used for calculating the similarity of algal communities among the sampling stations. Multiple regression stepwise statistical analysis on phytoplankton including chemical and climatic variables data was performed. Species diversity in algal communities and their environmental variables relationships were calculated. Results: As a result, 1283 species (1637 taxa of species and infraspecies) from six taxonomic divisions were identified in phytoplankton communities. Species richness as a whole increased to the north. Abundance and biomass were highly correlated. Two types of phytoplankton communities were identified: a southern community with increasing diatoms and a northern group with decreasing diatoms to the north. Diatoms prevailed but were replaced by green algae in high mountains or by green and Chrysophyta algae and Cyanobacteria in the Arctic. We revealed major variables that considered stimulating or stress factors with helps of statistical prorgams. Conclusion: Statistical analyses of phytoplankton in 12 large rivers revealed an increase in species richness to the north with community structure changing under stimulation of air temperature, ice-free periods, humidity, and trophic variables were stimulants and water transparency and speed flow were considered stress factors.