ABSTRACT
La ética clínica, como parte de la bioética, tiene como función ayudar al personal sanitario, al paciente o a la familia en la toma de de-cisiones cuando estas abordan cuestiones éticas de difícil solución. En algunos problemas, esta toma de decisiones se enfrenta no solo a posturas clínicas diversas, sino que también a apremios por parte de familiares -o del mismo equipo médico- que claman por una solución ante casos que entran en el área gris del debate ético. Nuestra respuesta frente a estos problemas ingentes es la aplicación de un método de análisis clínico, el cual, mediante una metodología propia y replicable, pueda orientar la discusión sobre principios comunes y, a la vez, poder evaluar las decisiones clínicas emanadas.Más allá de las respuestas clínicas que se puedan dar frente a casos diversos, no debemos olvidar los fundamentos que la antropología cristiana nos presenta a la hora de ver al ser humano como totalidad unificada. Este criterio debe ser la base que guíe una reflexión que no solo busque criterios de calidad, sino que además valore la inviolabilidad de la vida y con ella la dignidad de cada persona, en especial, en aquellas condiciones de fragilidad como el síndrome de enclaustramiento.
Clinical ethics (as part of bioethics) has the function of helping health personnel, the patient, or the family in decision-making when they address ethical issues that are difficult to solve. In some problems, this decision-making is not only confronted with diverse clinical positions, but also by pressure from family members or the same medical team that clamour for a solution to cases that fall into the grey area of ethical debate. Our response to these enormous problems is the application of a method of clinical analysis which, through its own replicable methodology, can guide the discussion of common principles and, at the same time, be able to evaluate the clinical decisions that have been made.Beyond the clinical responses that can be given to diverse cases, we must not forget the foundations that Christian anthropology presents us when it comes to seeing man as a unified whole, this criterion must be the basis that guides a reflection that not only look for quality criteria but value the inviolability of life and with it the dignity of each person especially in those conditions of fragility, such as locked-in.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Ethics, Clinical , Decision Making , Locked-In Syndrome , Bioethics , Case ReportsABSTRACT
The differences of feelings and views of disease and logical thinking between doctor and patient lead to differences in values which might result in doctor-patient conflicts,and clinical ethics consultation ease the differences in values or moral conflict between doctors and patients using ethical adjustment function.Compared with the present mediation mechanism of doctor-patient relationship in China,clinical ethics consultation has the characteristics of preventing the doctor-patient conflict or dispute,multi-disciplinary experts' consultation and coping with the doctor-patient contradiction of value-laden.Although clinical ethics consultation has theoretical significance and practical value,it still faces the theoretical challenge of moral relativism,and the practical prob-lems such as competence of ethical committee,consultation effect and support system.
ABSTRACT
The contribution describes a case report addressed in 2011 by the clinical ethics consultation service team of the Institute of Bioethics and Medical Humanities at the "Agostino Gemelli" School of Medicine of the Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome (Italy). The clinical case regards ethical dilemmas about the patient's prospects for receiving an orthotopic liver transplant, because she was a non-resident and lacked a caregiver to assist her during the follow-up period, as well as a place to stay after liver transplant surgery.
El artículo presenta un caso clínico, dirigido en el año 2011 por el equipo de servicio de consulta ética clínica del Instituto de Bioética y Humanidades Médicas de la Facultad "Agostino Gemelli" de Medicina de la Universidad Católica del Sacro Cuore en Roma (Italia). El caso clínico se refiere a los dilemas éticos sobre las perspectivas del paciente para recibir un trasplante hepático ortotópico porque no era residente del país y carecía de un cuidador para asistirlo durante el periodo de seguimiento, así como de un lugar para quedarse después de la cirugía.
Este artigo apresenta um caso clínico dirigido em 2011 pela equipe de serviço de consulta ética clínica do Instituto de Bioética e Humanidades Médicas da Faculdade de Medicina Agostino Gemelli, da Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore (Roma, Itália). O caso clínico se refere aos dilemas éticos sobre as perspectivas da paciente para receber um transplante hepático ortotópico porque não era residente do país, carecia de um cuidador para assisti-la durante o período de observação e de um lugar para ficar depois da respectiva cirurgia.
Subject(s)
Humans , General Surgery , Bioethics , Liver Transplantation , Caregivers , EthicsABSTRACT
<b>BACKGROUND</b> : In Japan, clinical ethics support services are only available at certain institutions. The actual conditions surrounding ethics consultation are unclear with few resources available for determining its efficacy. The object of this study is to clarify the expected outcome of ethics consultation and identify the appropriate mode. We also aim to elucidate the ideal consultant and the obstacles to achieving full utilization of ethics consultation.<br><b>METHODS</b> : Eighteen medical practitioners participated in the study. We held semi-structured interviews and analyzed these interviews by qualitative content-analysis technique.<br><b>RESULTS</b> : This study suggests that specific advice, new insights from outside parties, emotional support, and an appropriate process based on a division of labor between medicine and ethics all contribute to a team-based practice of medicine that avoids the arbitrariness and dogmatism of single practitioners. It is also indicated that timeliness and swift answers are required. Knowledge of medicine and ethics, communication skills, a close familiarity with actual conditions in medical practice, and empathy toward the medical staff were found to be as important as the qualifications of consultants. Contrarily, the participants suggested that the busy pace, lack of psychological breathing room, medical practitioners' pride, lack of awareness of ethical issues, and the negative image of the word “ethics” were significant impediments to achieving full utilization of ethics consultation.<br><b>CONCLUSIONS</b> : The present study is the first of its kind to reveal the views of medical professionals regarding clinical ethics consultation in Japan. Further research is required to identify the features of a consultation system that can be easily accessed and effectively utilized in Japan.