ABSTRACT
As outlined in the International Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock: 2016, initial fluid resuscitation and administration of antibiotics are key steps in the early management of sepsis and septic shock. However, such clear guidelines do not exist for preclinical sepsis models. To address these shortcomings, the Wiggers-Bernard conference on preclinical sepsis models was held in Vienna in May 2017. The participants reviewed 260 of the most highly cited papers between 2003 and 2012 that used sepsis models. The review demonstrated that over 70% of experiments either did not use or failed to report resuscitation and/or antibiotic treatment. This information served as the basis to create a series of recommendations and considerations for preclinical sepsis models; this Part Ⅲ report details the recommendations for fluid resuscitation and antibiotic treatment that should be addressed in sepsis models. Similar to human sepsis, fluid resuscitation is recommended in the experimental setting unless part of the study. Iso-osmolar crystalloid solutions are preferred. The administration route and its timing should be adjusted to the specific requirements of the model with preference given to dynamic rather than static hemodynamic monitoring. Predefined endpoints for fluid resuscitation and avoidance of fluid overload should be considered. Preclinical sepsis studies display serious inconsistencies in the use of antimicrobial protocols. To remedy this, antimicrobials are recommended for preclinical studies, with choice and dose adjusted to the specific sepsis model and pathogen(s). Ideally, the administration of antimicrobials should closely mimic clinical practice, taking into account the drug's pharmacokinetic profile, alterations in absorption, distribution and clearance, and host factors such as age, weight, and comorbidities. These recommendations and considerations are proposed as "best practices" for animal models of sepsis that should be implemented.
ABSTRACT
As outlined in the International Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock: 2016, initial fluid resuscitation and administration of antibiotics are key steps in the early management of sepsis and septic shock. However, such clear guidelines do not exist for preclinical sepsis models. To address these shortcomings, the Wiggers-Bernard conference on preclinical sepsis models was held in Vienna in May 2017. The participants reviewed 260 of the most highly cited papers between 2003 and 2012 that used sepsis models. The review demonstrated that over 70% of experiments either did not use or failed to report resuscitation and/or antibiotic treatment. This information served as the basis to create a series of recommendations and considerations for preclinical sepsis models; this Part Ⅲ report details the recommendations for fluid resuscitation and antibiotic treatment that should be addressed in sepsis models. Similar to human sepsis, fluid resuscitation is recommended in the experimental setting unless part of the study. Iso-osmolar crystalloid solutions are preferred. The administration route and its timing should be adjusted to the specific requirements of the model with preference given to dynamic rather than static hemodynamic monitoring. Predefined endpoints for fluid resuscitation and avoidance of fluid overload should be considered. Preclinical sepsis studies display serious inconsistencies in the use of antimicrobial protocols. To remedy this, antimicrobials are recommended for preclinical studies, with choice and dose adjusted to the specific sepsis model and pathogen(s). Ideally, the administration of antimicrobials should closely mimic clinical practice, taking into account the drug's pharmacokinetic profile, alterations in absorption, distribution and clearance, and host factors such as age, weight, and comorbidities. These recommendations and considerations are proposed as "best practices" for animal models of sepsis that should be implemented.
ABSTRACT
The incidence of sepsis is increasing globally, with high morbidity and mortality. Diagnosis of neonatal sepsis is still a clinical and laboratory challenge. Though blood culture is gold standard, it sometimes gives false negative result. So, judgement of clinical condition along with various investigations is important
ABSTRACT
Abstract:@#Neonatal sepsis is one of the leading causes of death among newborns, and diagnoses is a challenge to clinicians. @*Objectives@#The present study describes and compares clinical, and hematological profile of neonates, and culture positive and culture negative neonatal sepsis, Children’s Hospital. @*Methods@#This is a cross sectional study. About with neonatal sepsis with a complete blood count were included in the study. Charts were retrieved from section. Primary outcome measures are the following: increased WBC, increased ANC, IT ratio more than nucleated RBCs. @*Results@#Forty-seven (35%) subjects had a positive (65%) patients had a negative blood culture. The significantly associated with clinical sepsis (negative p=0.04). On the other hand, the odds of having a 2.29 times more when the patient has poor suck compared not present with poor suck (OR 2.29, p=0.04). There association with the patients’ demographic and having neonatal sepsis. Conclusion: There was no significant difference in culture or a negative blood culture among any demogr hematological profile tested between culture proven neonatal sepsis. Hence, in clinical sepsis, it is still acceptable despite a normal complete blood count and or a negative blood culture.