Caracterización clínica-epidemiológica según la edad de pacientes diagnosticados con cólera / Clinic-epidemiological description according to the age of patients diagnosed with cholera

Introducción: Se estima que 1,4 billones de personas están en riesgo de infectarse por cólera y la mitad de los fallecidos son menores de 5 años. Objetivo: Caracterizar clínica y epidemiológicamente a los pacientes afectados por vibrión colérico según la edad de los enfermos y el tiempo que medió entre la aparición de los síntomas de la enfermedad y la asistencia al Sistema Nacional de Salud. Métodos: Estudio clínico, epidemiológico, descriptivo y prospectivo desde 2013-2017 a los pacientes que se les confirmó por coprocultivo el V. cholerae como causa de enfermedad diarreica aguda en el hospital pediátrico de Centro Habana. Se analizaron variables cualitativas y cuantitativas. Resultados: Se registraron 115 niños mayores de 5 años y 44 menores de 5 años afectados por el cólera. El 54,7 por ciento del total de pacientes estudiados estuvo en la zona afectada, el 94,3 por ciento presentó deposiciones líquidas, el 18,2 por ciento con aspecto de agua de arroz, el 7,5 por ciento con olor a pescado, el 47,2 por ciento presentó vómitos, el 6,9 por ciento fiebre y el 12,8 por ciento dolor abdominal. El valor de la mediana del tiempo que medio entre la aparición de los síntomas y la asistencia al médico fue de 24 horas. Conclusiones: Los pacientes más afectados son los mayores de 5 años y los que más tardíamente acudieron al Sistema Nacional de Salud. En todos predomina la procedencia de la zona afectada, las deposiciones líquidas y los vómitos(AU)

Introduction: It is estimated that 1.4 billion people are at risk of being infected by cholera and half of them are children under 5 years old. Objective: To describe clinically and epidemiologically the patients affected by Vibrio cholerae according to their age and the time passed from the onset of symptoms of disease to their attendance to the National Health System. Methods: Clinical, epidemiological, descriptive and prospective study from 2013 to 2017 in patients with confirmed V. cholerae by stool culture as a cause of acute diarrheal disease in the Pediatric Hospital of Centro Habana municipality.Qualitative and quantitative variables were analyzed. Results: There was a record of 115 children over 5 years and 44 children under 5 years affected by cholera. The 54.7percent of the total number of patients studied was in the affected area, 94.3 percent presented liquid stool, 18.2 percent of those looked like rice water, 7.5 percent with fishy smell; 47.2 percent of the patients presented vomiting, and 6.9 percent fever and 12.8 percent abdominal pain. The value of the mean time between the onset of symptoms and the assistance to the physician was of 24 hours. Conclusions: Most affected patients and that attended late to the National Health System were the ones over 5 years. In all predominated coming from the affected area, liquid stools and vomiting(AU)

A study on epidemiological and clinical characteristics of measles patients admitted to Sir Ronald Ross institute of tropical and communicable diseases, Hyderabad, India

Background: Measles is an acute infectious exanthematous disease of childhood caused by paramyxovirus. With increase in immunization coverage levels, the intensity of measles outbreak has decreased in the country. In some parts of India, measles is still a major cause of morbidity and childhood mortality. Objective of the study was to determine the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with macular/maculo-papular rash.Methods: A cross sectional record based retrospective study was carried out at Sir Ronald Ross institute of tropical and communicable diseases, Hyderabad. All the cases admitted in year 2016 with history of fever and macular/maculo-papular rash were included in the study. The study was carried out for 2 months.Results: A total of 639 cases were admitted to infectious disease hospital during the year 2016 with history of fever and rash. The mean age of study population was 6.08±4.9 years. Around 43.7% of cases were in the age group of 1–5 years. The disease was slightly higher among boys (52.3%) as compared to girls (47.7%). Amongst the clinical features, fever and rash were seen in 100%, coryza in 80%, and conjunctivitis in 63.3% of study population.Conclusions: Majority of the children suffering from measles was not vaccinated and the most common reason for failure to immunize children was lack of awareness. There is a need to increase awareness about importance of measles immunization to reduce under five mortality.

Ictus en adultos jóvenes: análisis de las características clínicas y epidemiológicas / Stroke in young adults: analysis of clinical and epidemiological characteristics

Ictus se define como todo déficit neurológico debido a una falta de circulación cerebral producido por un evento isquémico o hemorrágico. La edad promedio de aparición de ictus en adultos jóvenes está disminuyendo. Objetivo: Analizar las características clínico-epidemiológicas de pacientes hospitalizados con diagnóstico de ictus en el adulto joven en el Hospital Dr. Domingo Luciani de Caracas, Venezuela. Métodos: se realizó un estudio de casos, retrospectivo y descriptivo, basado en la revisión de historias. Resultados: Destacó, edad promedio 37±7 años, género masculino (59,5%), procedencia Caracas (46,8%), secundaria completa (30,4%%), tiempo transcurrido desde el inicio de los síntomas entre 4,5 y 12 horas (46,8%), estancia hospitalaria menor de 7 días (63,8%), desencadenante reposo (55,5%). Antecedentes personales: HTA (44,3%), migraña (13,9%) y drogas ilícitas (12,7%) ictus hemorrágico previo (55,7%), consumo de café (38%) consumo de alcohol (34,2%), hábito tabáquico (22,8%). Síntomas de presentación: cefalea (54,4%), mareo (31,6%), vértigo (30,4%), vómitos (20,3%). Características del ictus: isquémico 62%, lateralidad izquierda (43%), NIHSS de ingreso severo (37,9%), NIHSS de egreso leve (30,3%), RANKIN 3 (24,0%). Conclusión: contando con características clínico-epidemiológicas se puede caracterizar el comportamiento del ictus en adulto joven para plantear las estrategias de prevención apropiadas(AU)

Stroke is defined as any neurological deficit due to a lack of cerebral circulation produced by a cerebral ischemic or hemorrhagic event. The average age of onset of stroke in young adults is declining. Objective: To analyze the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients hospitalized with a diagnosis of stroke in young adults at the Hospital Dr. Domingo Luciani, Caracas, Venezuela. Methods: a retrospective and descriptive study was conducted, clinical charts were gathered and reviewed to get information of clinical and epidemiological variables. Results: average age 37 ± 7 years, male (59.5%), origin Caracas (46.8%), complete high school (30.4%%), time from onset of symptoms of between 4,5 and 12 hours (46.8%), hospital stay of less than 7 days (63.8%), trigger at rest (55.5%). Personal history: hypertension (44.3%), migraine 13.9%) and illicit drugs (12.7%) Prior hemorrhagic stroke (55.7%), coffee consumption (38%), alcohol consumption (34, 2%), smoking habit (22.8%). Presenting symptoms: headache (54.4%), dizziness (31.6%), vertigo (30.4%), vomiting (20.3%). Features of stroke: ischemic 62%, left laterality (43%), income NIHSS severe (37.9%), discharge NIHSS mild (30.3%), RANKIN 3 (24,0%). Conclusion: Having clinical and epidemiological features can characterize the behavior of stroke in adult to approach the the appropriate prevention strategies(AU)

Enfermedad de Kawasaki en niños hospitalizados en cinco centros de Barranquilla, Colombia, 2002-2008 / Kawasaki disease in children admitted to five centers in Barranquilla, Colombia, 2002-2008

Introducción: La enfermedad de Kawasaki se ha convertido en la principal causa de cardiopatíaadquirida en los niños. Sin embargo,aunque existen criterios diagnósticos bien definidos, éstos pueden presentarse dispersos a lo largo del curso de la enfermedad o simulardiferentes enfermedades, lo que ocasiona retraso en el diagnóstico y, con esto, mayor riesgo de afección cardiaca. El objetivo de este estudio fue reconocer las características clínicas y epidemiológicas de la enfermedad de Kawasaki en los niños hospitalizados en cinco centros de Barranquilla, entre 2002 y 2008. Pacientes y métodos: Se trata de un estudio retrospectivo, a partir de las historias clínicas de los pacientes menores de 14 añoshospitalizados en cinco centros asistenciales (Hospital Pediátrico, Hospital Niño Jesús, Clínica del Caribe, Clínica La Asunción y Clínica La Merced) de Barranquilla (Atlántico) desde el 1º de febrero de 2002 hasta el 31 de mayo de 2008, con diagnóstico de enfermedadde Kawasaki. Se estimaron parámetrosdescriptivos y prueba no paramétrica(test de los signos). Resultados: El 40% de los casos ocurrió en menores de un año. El 65% de los casos fueron niños procedentes del área urbana. La fiebre fue el principal motivo de consulta en 65% de los casos y el 95% se clasificó como enfermedad típica. Las alteraciones cardíacas se presentaron en el 30%. Los exámenes determinantes para medir la efectividad del tratamiento fueron los cambios en el recuento de plaquetas, la velocidad de sedimentación globular y la prueba de la proteína C reactiva (PCR). Conclusiones: La enfermedad de Kawasaki en nuestro medio presenta características clínicas y epidemiológicas similares a lasdescritas en otras latitudes. Se observaron variaciones en la velocidad de sedimentación globular, plaquetas y PCR en aquellos sujetos que recibieron gammaglobulina. La afección cardiaca es frecuente y se relaciona con la edad, el retraso en el diagnóstico y eltratamiento oportuno.

Introduction: Kawasaki disease has become the leading cause of acquired heart disease in children. However, although there are well-defined diagnostic criteria, these can occur scattered throughout the course of the disease or simulate different pathologiesleading to delayed diagnosis and increased risk of a heart condition. The purpose of this study is to recognize the clinical and epidemiologicalcharacteristics of Kawasaki diseasein children admitted to five medical centers in Barranquilla from 2002 to 2008. Patients and Methods: This is a retrospective study based on the medical records of patients less than 14 years old hospitalized in five medical centers in the city of Barranquilla, Atlántico, (Pediatric Hospital, Hospital Niño Jesús, Clinics: Caribbean, Assumption and La Merced) and diagnosed with Kawasaki disease from February 1, 2002 to May 31, 2008. Descriptive statistical parameters and non-parametric tests (sign test) have been estimated. Results: Forty percent of the cases occurred in infants less than one year old. Sixty percent (65%) of the patients were male children from the urban area. Fever was the main reason for consulting in 65% of the cases, and 95% of the patients were classified as having the typical disease. Ultrasonographic cardiac abnormalities were documented in 30% of the instances. The test measures for determining the effectiveness of treatment were based on changes in theplatelet count, the sedimentation rate, and the C-reactive protein (CRP).Conclusions: Kawasaki disease in ourenvironment shows clinical and epidemiological features similar to those described in other latitudes. There are variations in the sedimentation rate (ESR), platelet count, and CRP in those subjects who received intravenousimmunoglobulin. The heart conditionis common and is associated to age, delayed diagnosis, and timely treatment.

Behcet's Disease in Korean

PURPOSE: Behcet's disease is a chronic, recurrent, multisystemic disorder, which visual prognosis is poor. The clinical and epidemiological characteristics of Behcet's disease in Korean were evaluated. METHODS: The clinical records on 3,175 patients with Behcet's disease diagnosed at Behcet's disease clinic in Severance Hospital between November 1983 and December 1999 were reviewed. RESULTS: Among all 3,175 patients, the men/women ratio of Behcet's disease was 1:1.6. The age of disease onset was the highest in the thirties (33.8%). The most frequent major and minor symptom was oral ulcer (97.7%) and arthritis (32.8%) respectively, and the proportion of ocular symptom was 19.3%. The most frequent initial symptom was oral ulcer (77.4%). The ratio of men/women with ocular symptom was 1:0.98. The mean interval between the initial symptom and ocular symptom was 34 months, and the most common ocular symptom was iritis (79.0%). The most frequent systemic drug administered in patients with ocular involvement was colchicines (35%). Visual acuity was worsened in 56% of the eyes followed for over 24 months. CONCLUSIONS: The authors notice the characteristics of Behcet's disease in Korean and suggest that the continuous and nationwide survey is further necessary.